【转】WCF入门教程六[一个简单的Demo]
一、前言
前面的几个章节介绍了很多理论基础，如：什么是WCF、WCF中的A、B、C。WCF的传输模式。本文从零开始和大家一起写一个小的WCF应用程序Demo。
大多框架的学习都是从增、删、改、查开始来学习的，我们学习WCF也是一样的。从简单来看(不包括安全、优化等相关问题)，WCF的增删改查和WebForm相差无几。WCF只是把具体“实现”写在“Service端”，而“调用”放在了“Client端”。觉得有帮助别忘了点个赞哈，谢谢哦~
二、Demo说明
1）Demo的 “Service端”以本机IIS为宿主，“Client端”以WebForm项目为例。
2）Demo的“Service端”提取数据采用初学者比较容易接受的分层结构进行搭建，分别分为服务层、实体层、数据层。
引用关系如下图所示：
3）Demo以数据库为SqlServer，表User为例(sql语句在下载的压缩包中Init.sql)，表结构如下所示：
|
字段名 |
列名 |
数据类型 |
约束 |
生成方式 |
|
用户编号 |
UserID |
int |
主键，必须输入 |
自动增+1 |
|
姓名 |
Name |
varchar(200) |
非必须输入 |
人工输入 |
|
密码 |
Password |
varchar(200) |
非必须输入 |
人工输入 |
|
描述 |
Discribe |
varchar(800) |
非必须输入 |
人工输入 |
|
提交时间 |
SubmitTime |
datetime |
非必须输入 |
人工输入 |
三、创建Service端宿主
1）创建WCF应用程序命名为：WCF.Demo.Service，如下图：
2）删除默认文件IService.cs与Service.svc。并分别创建增、删、改、查”Add.svc”、“Save.svc”、“Remove.svc”、“Get.svc，Search.svc”，分别对应4个功能的服务应用程序WCF服务应用程序，并创建数据操作层和数据实体层，如下图：
3）增加实体层和数据操作层代码，如下所示：
1 //用户实体
2 [DataContract]
3 public class User
4 {
5 [DataMember]
6 public int UserID { get; set; }
7 [DataMember]
8 public string UserName { get; set; }
9 [DataMember]
10 public string Password { get; set; }
11 [DataMember]
12 public string Discribe { get; set; }
13 [DataMember]
14 public DateTime SubmitTime { get; set; }
15 }
16 //数据操作，调用SqlHeler
17 public class User
18 {
19 private static readonly string connectionString = "server=.;database=wcfDemo;uid=sa;pwd=123456;";
20
21 //添加
22 public static bool Add(Model.User user)
23 {
24 string sql = string.Format("INSERT INTO [dbo].[User]([UserName],[Password],[Discribe],[SubmitTime]) VALUES('{0}','{1}','{2}','{3}')", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime);
25 int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
26 if (result > 0)
27 return true;
28 else
29 return false;
30 }
31
32 //修改
33 public static bool Save(Model.User user)
34 {
35 string sql = string.Format("UPDATE [dbo].[User] SET [UserName] = '{0}',[Discribe] = '{2}',[SubmitTime] = '{3}' WHERE UserID = {4}", user.UserName, user.Password, user.Discribe, user.SubmitTime, user.UserID);
36 int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
37 if (result > 0)
38 return true;
39 else
40 return false;
41 }
42
43 //删除
44 public static bool Remove(int UserID)
45 {
46 string sql = string.Format("DELETE FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);
47 int result = SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
48 if (result > 0)
49 return true;
50 else
51 return false;
52 }
53
54 //获取用户
55 public static Model.User Get(int UserID)
56 {
57 Model.User user = new Model.User();
58 string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User] WHERE UserID = {0}", UserID);
59 DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
60 if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
61 {
62 foreach (DataRow dr in ds.Tables[0].Rows)
63 {
64 user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);
65 user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();
66 user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();
67 user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();
68 user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);
69 }
70 }
71 return user;
72 }
73
74 //获取用户列表
75 public static List<Model.User> GetUsers()
76 {
77 List<Model.User> Users = new List<Model.User>();
78 string sql = string.Format("SELECT * FROM [dbo].[User]");
79 DataSet ds = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(connectionString, CommandType.Text, sql);
80 if (ds != null && ds.Tables.Count > 0)
81 {
82 foreach (DataTable dt in ds.Tables)
83 {
84 foreach (DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
85 {
86 Model.User user = new Model.User();
87 user.UserID = Convert.ToInt32(dr["UserID"]);
88 user.UserName = dr["UserName"].ToString();
89 user.Password = dr["Password"].ToString();
90 user.Discribe = dr["Discribe"].ToString();
91 user.SubmitTime = Convert.ToDateTime(dr["SubmitTime"]);
92 Users.Add(user);
93 }
94 }
95 }
96 return Users;
97 }
98 }
4）修改Add接口的代码和实现，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract]
2 public interface IAdd
3 {
4 [OperationContract]
5 bool DoWork(Model.User user);
6 }
7
8 public class Add : IAdd
9 {
10 public bool DoWork(Model.User user)
11 {
12 return DAL.User.Add(user);
13 }
14 }
5）修改Save接口的代码和实现，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract]
2 public interface ISave
3 {
4 [OperationContract]
5 bool DoWork(Model.User user);
6 }
7
8 public class Save : ISave
9 {
10 public bool DoWork(Model.User user)
11 {
12 return DAL.User.Save(user);
13 }
14 }
6）修改Remove接口的代码和实现，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract]
2 public interface IRemove
3 {
4 [OperationContract]
5 bool DoWork(int UserID);
6 }
7 public class Remove : IRemove
8 {
9 public bool DoWork(int UserID)
10 {
11 return DAL.User.Remove(UserID);
12 }
13 }
7）修改Search接口的代码和实现，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract]
2 public interface ISearch
3 {
4 [OperationContract]
5 List<Model.User> DoWork();
6 }
7
8 public class Search : ISearch
9 {
10 List<Model.User> ISearch.DoWork()
11 {
12 return DAL.User.GetUsers();
13 }
14 }
8）修改Get接口的代码和实现，如下所示：
1 [ServiceContract]
2 public interface IGet
3 {
4 [OperationContract]
5 Model.User DoWork(int UserID);
6 }
7
8 public class Get : IGet
9 {
10 public Model.User DoWork(int UserID)
11 {
12 return DAL.User.Get(UserID);
13 }
14 }
四、部署服务端程序
1）将程序发布，并部署到IIS上，设置端口：8080，如下图所示：
2）以Add.svc服务应用程序为目标，测试部署是否成功，成功后如下图所示：
五、创建Client端Web应用程序
新建WebForm项目WCF.Demo.Client，并创建增删改查文件，Add.aspx，Save.aspx，SearchAndRemove.aspx。如下图所示：
六、使用SvcUtil.exe生成客户端代码和配置
SvcUtil.exe是一个VS命令行工具，该工具位于：C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin 或 C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\bin\一般情况下我们将SvcUtil.exe添加到VS开发工具中方便以后的运用（也可直接使用该命令行工具）。
1）在VS中的 Tools菜单---选择External Tools，打开管理窗口如下图所示：
在Title中输入SvcUtil，Command中选择SvcUtil.exe全路径，Initial directory栏选择生成的客户端代码和配置文件所放的目录（此处为解决方案所在目录），选上Prompt for arguments，不选上Close on exit。点击OK.
2）添加完成后，在VS的工具下会出现这个菜单。如下图所示：
3）在Client端添加对服务的引用。打开SvUtil工具，在Arguments里填写服务的地址，如下图：
点击OK后出现下图，说明代码类和配置文件生成成功（在解决方案目标下），如下图所示：
此时代理类和配置文件被下载到解决方案的物理目录中，如下图所示：
七、在Client端使用代理类与配置
将代理类从服务端的物理目录拷贝出来，放到Client端，并适当的修改代码，加入自己需要的名称空间，如下图所示：
使用代码如下所示：
1 //增加
2 public partial class Add : System.Web.UI.Page
3 {
4 Service.AddClient addClient = new Service.AddClient();
5 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
6 {
7
8 }
9
10 //提交
11 protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
12 {
13 Model.User user = new Model.User();
14 user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;
15 user.Password = this.txtPassword.Text;
16 user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;
17 user.SubmitTime = System.DateTime.Now;
18 addClient.DoWork(user);
19 Response.Write("添加成功！");
20 }
21 }
22 //修改
23 public partial class Save : System.Web.UI.Page
24 {
25 Service.SaveClient saveClient = new Service.SaveClient();
26 Service.GetClient getClient = new Service.GetClient();
27 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
28 {
29 if (!Page.IsPostBack && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(Request.QueryString["UserID"]))
30 {
31 GetUser();
32 }
33 }
34
35 protected void GetUser()
36 {
37 int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);
38 Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);
39 this.txtUserName.Text = user.UserName;
40 this.txtDiscribe.Text = user.Discribe;
41 }
42
43 //提交
44 protected void btnSubmit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
45 {
46 int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(Request.QueryString["UserID"]);
47 Model.User user = getClient.DoWork(UserID);
48 user.UserName = this.txtUserName.Text;
49 user.Discribe = this.txtDiscribe.Text;
50 saveClient.DoWork(user);
51 Response.Write("修改成功！");
52 }
53 }
54 //列表及删除
55 public partial class SearchAndRemove : System.Web.UI.Page
56 {
57 Service.SearchClient searchClient = new Service.SearchClient();
58 Service.RemoveClient removeClient = new Service.RemoveClient();
59 protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
60 {
61 if (!Page.IsPostBack)
62 {
63 GetUsers();
64 }
65 }
66
67 protected void GetUsers()
68 {
69 this.repUsers.DataSource = searchClient.DoWork();
70 this.repUsers.DataBind();
71 }
72
73 protected void lbtnRemoveCommand(object sender, CommandEventArgs e)
74 {
75 int UserID = Convert.ToInt32(e.CommandName);
76 removeClient.DoWork(UserID);
77 Response.Write("删除成功~");
78 GetUsers();
79 }
80 }
将生成的配置文件中的 <system.serviceModel>复制到Client的Web.config中，代码如下：
1 <system.serviceModel> 2 <bindings> 3 <basicHttpBinding> 4 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 5 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 6 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 7 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 8 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 9 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 10 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 11 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 12 <security mode="None"> 13 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 14 realm="" /> 15 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 16 </security> 17 </binding> 18 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 19 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 20 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 21 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 22 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 23 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 24 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 25 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 26 <security mode="None"> 27 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 28 realm="" /> 29 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 30 </security> 31 </binding> 32 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 33 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 34 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 35 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 36 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 37 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 38 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 39 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 40 <security mode="None"> 41 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 42 realm="" /> 43 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 44 </security> 45 </binding> 46 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 47 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 48 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 49 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 50 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 51 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 52 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 53 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 54 <security mode="None"> 55 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 56 realm="" /> 57 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 58 </security> 59 </binding> 60 <binding name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" closeTimeout="00:01:00" 61 openTimeout="00:01:00" receiveTimeout="00:10:00" sendTimeout="00:01:00" 62 allowCookies="false" bypassProxyOnLocal="false" hostNameComparisonMode="StrongWildcard" 63 maxBufferSize="65536" maxBufferPoolSize="524288" maxReceivedMessageSize="65536" 64 messageEncoding="Text" textEncoding="utf-8" transferMode="Buffered" 65 useDefaultWebProxy="true"> 66 <readerQuotas maxDepth="32" maxStringContentLength="8192" maxArrayLength="16384" 67 maxBytesPerRead="4096" maxNameTableCharCount="16384" /> 68 <security mode="None"> 69 <transport clientCredentialType="None" proxyCredentialType="None" 70 realm="" /> 71 <message clientCredentialType="UserName" algorithmSuite="Default" /> 72 </security> 73 </binding> 74 </basicHttpBinding> 75 </bindings> 76 <client> 77 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Add.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 78 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" contract="IAdd" 79 name="BasicHttpBinding_IAdd" /> 80 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Remove.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 81 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" contract="IRemove" 82 name="BasicHttpBinding_IRemove" /> 83 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Search.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 84 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" contract="ISearch" 85 name="BasicHttpBinding_ISearch" /> 86 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Save.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 87 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" contract="ISave" 88 name="BasicHttpBinding_ISave" /> 89 <endpoint address="http://localhost:8080/Get.svc" binding="basicHttpBinding" 90 bindingConfiguration="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" contract="IGet" 91 name="BasicHttpBinding_IGet" /> 92 </client> 93 </system.serviceModel>
-------------------------最终效果-----------------------
添加：
修改：
列表及删除：
八、源码下载
九、wcf入门教程目录
