在C#中使用全局鼠标、键盘Hook
今天，有个同事问我，怎样在C#中使用全局钩子？以前写的全局钩子都是用unmanaged C或C++写个DLL来实现，可大家都知道，C#是基于.Net Framework的，是managed，怎么实现全局钩子呢？于是开始到网上搜索，好不容易找到一篇，318804 - HOW TO: Set a Windows Hook in Visual C# .NET，里面详细的说明了如何使用鼠标钩子捕获鼠标的移动等，可是，它只能在Application里起作用，出了Application就没用了，就是说它还是没有实现全局钩子，而且文章结尾处说：“Global Hooks are not supported in the .NET Framework...”，这可怎么办呢？
别担心，办法总是有的，经过一番摸索以后，发现WH_KEYBORAD_LL和WH_MOUSE_LL这两个low-level的hook可以被安装成全局的，这就好办了，我们不妨用这两个low-level的hook替换掉WH_KEYBORAD和WH_MOUSE，于是开始测试。结果成功了，在C#里实现了全局钩子。
我们来看一下主要代码段。示例源码下载地址请访问我的网站:http://www.vczx.com/article/show.php?id=1672
首先倒入所需要的windows函数，主要有三个，SetWindowsHookEX用来安装钩子，UnhookWindowsHookEX用来卸载钩子以及CallNextHookEX用来将hook信息传递到链表中下一个hook处理过程。
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] private static extern int SetWindowsHookEx( int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId);[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] private static extern int UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook);[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] private static extern int CallNextHookEx( int idHook, int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam);下面是有关这两个low-level hook在Winuser.h中的定义：
/// <summary>
/// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level mouse input events.
/// </summary> private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14; /// <summary> /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level keyboard input events. /// </summary> private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;在安装全局钩子的时候，我们就要做替换了，将WH_MOUSE和WH_KEYBORAD分别换成WH_MOUSE_LL和WH_KEYBORAD_LL：
//install hook hMouseHook = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_MOUSE_LL, //原来是WH_MOUSE MouseHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0);//install hook hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_KEYBOARD_LL, //原来是WH_KEYBORAD KeyboardHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); 这样替换了之后，我们就可以实现全局钩子了，而且，不需要写DLL。看一下程序运行情况：
下面是关于鼠标和键盘的两个Callback函数：
private int MouseHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam) {
// if ok and someone listens to our events if ((nCode >= 0) && (OnMouseActivity != null))
{
//Marshall the data from callback. MouseLLHookStruct mouseHookStruct = (MouseLLHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MouseLLHookStruct)); //detect button clicked MouseButtons button = MouseButtons.None; short mouseDelta = 0; switch (wParam) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: //case WM_LBUTTONUP: //case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK: button = MouseButtons.Left; break; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: //case WM_RBUTTONUP: //case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK: button = MouseButtons.Right; break; case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: //If the message is WM_MOUSEWHEEL, the high-order word of mouseData member is the wheel delta. //One wheel click is defined as WHEEL_DELTA, which is 120. //(value >> 16) & 0xffff; retrieves the high-order word from the given 32-bit value mouseDelta = (short)((mouseHookStruct.mouseData >> 16) & 0xffff); //TODO: X BUTTONS (I havent them so was unable to test) //If the message is WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK, WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN, WM_NCXBUTTONUP, //or WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK, the high-order word specifies which X button was pressed or released, //and the low-order word is reserved. This value can be one or more of the following values. //Otherwise, mouseData is not used. break;
} //double clicks int clickCount = 0; if (button != MouseButtons.None) if (wParam == WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK || wParam == WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK) clickCount = 2; else clickCount = 1; //generate event MouseEventArgs e = new MouseEventArgs( button, clickCount, mouseHookStruct.pt.x, mouseHookStruct.pt.y, mouseDelta); //raise it OnMouseActivity(this, e); } //call next hook return CallNextHookEx(hMouseHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); }private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam) { //indicates if any of underlaing events set e.Handled flag bool handled = false; //it was ok and someone listens to events if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDown != null || KeyUp != null || KeyPress != null)) { //read structure KeyboardHookStruct at lParam KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct)); //raise KeyDown if (KeyDown != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData); KeyDown(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } // raise KeyPress if (KeyPress != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN) { bool isDownShift = ((GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & 0x80) == 0x80 ? true : false); bool isDownCapslock = (GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL) != 0 ? true : false); byte[] keyState = new byte[256]; GetKeyboardState(keyState); byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2]; if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode, MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode, keyState, inBuffer, MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1) { char key = (char)inBuffer[0]; if ((isDownCapslock ^ isDownShift) && Char.IsLetter(key)) key = Char.ToUpper(key); KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs(key); KeyPress(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } } // raise KeyUp if (KeyUp != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData); KeyUp(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } } //if event handled in application do not handoff to other listeners if (handled) return 1; else return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); }参考资料：MSDN
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/michaelxu/archive/2006/09/22/511557.html
===========================================================
贴一个比较全的代码：
using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Reflection; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.ComponentModel; namespace gma.System.Windows { /// <summary> /// This class allows you to tap keyboard and mouse and / or to detect their activity even when an /// application runes in background or does not have any user interface at all. This class raises /// common .NET events with KeyEventArgs and MouseEventArgs so you can easily retrieve any information you need. /// </summary> public class UserActivityHook { #region Windows structure definitions /// <summary> /// The POINT structure defines the x- and y- coordinates of a point. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/gdi/rectangl_0tiq.asp /// </remarks> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class POINT { /// <summary> /// Specifies the x-coordinate of the point. /// </summary> public int x; /// <summary> /// Specifies the y-coordinate of the point. /// </summary> public int y; } /// <summary> /// The MOUSEHOOKSTRUCT structure contains information about a mouse event passed to a WH_MOUSE hook procedure, MouseProc. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookstructures/cwpstruct.asp /// </remarks> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class MouseHookStruct { /// <summary> /// Specifies a POINT structure that contains the x- and y-coordinates of the cursor, in screen coordinates. /// </summary> public POINT pt; /// <summary> /// Handle to the window that will receive the mouse message corresponding to the mouse event. /// </summary> public int hwnd; /// <summary> /// Specifies the hit-test value. For a list of hit-test values, see the description of the WM_NCHITTEST message. /// </summary> public int wHitTestCode; /// <summary> /// Specifies extra information associated with the message. /// </summary> public int dwExtraInfo; } /// <summary> /// The MSLLHOOKSTRUCT structure contains information about a low-level keyboard input event. /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class MouseLLHookStruct { /// <summary> /// Specifies a POINT structure that contains the x- and y-coordinates of the cursor, in screen coordinates. /// </summary> public POINT pt; /// <summary> /// If the message is WM_MOUSEWHEEL, the high-order word of this member is the wheel delta. /// The low-order word is reserved. A positive value indicates that the wheel was rotated forward, /// away from the user; a negative value indicates that the wheel was rotated backward, toward the user. /// One wheel click is defined as WHEEL_DELTA, which is 120. ///If the message is WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK, WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN, WM_NCXBUTTONUP, /// or WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK, the high-order word specifies which X button was pressed or released, /// and the low-order word is reserved. This value can be one or more of the following values. Otherwise, mouseData is not used. ///XBUTTON1 ///The first X button was pressed or released. ///XBUTTON2 ///The second X button was pressed or released. /// </summary> public int mouseData; /// <summary> /// Specifies the event-injected flag. An application can use the following value to test the mouse flags. Value Purpose ///LLMHF_INJECTED Test the event-injected flag. ///0 ///Specifies whether the event was injected. The value is 1 if the event was injected; otherwise, it is 0. ///1-15 ///Reserved. /// </summary> public int flags; /// <summary> /// Specifies the time stamp for this message. /// </summary> public int time; /// <summary> /// Specifies extra information associated with the message. /// </summary> public int dwExtraInfo; } /// <summary> /// The KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT structure contains information about a low-level keyboard input event. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookstructures/cwpstruct.asp /// </remarks> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class KeyboardHookStruct { /// <summary> /// Specifies a virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254. /// </summary> public int vkCode; /// <summary> /// Specifies a hardware scan code for the key. /// </summary> public int scanCode; /// <summary> /// Specifies the extended-key flag, event-injected flag, context code, and transition-state flag. /// </summary> public int flags; /// <summary> /// Specifies the time stamp for this message. /// </summary> public int time; /// <summary> /// Specifies extra information associated with the message. /// </summary> public int dwExtraInfo; } #endregion #region Windows function imports /// <summary> /// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain. /// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events /// are associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook"> /// [in] Specifies the type of hook procedure to be installed. This parameter can be one of the following values. /// </param> /// <param name="lpfn"> /// [in] Pointer to the hook procedure. If the dwThreadId parameter is zero or specifies the identifier of a /// thread created by a different process, the lpfn parameter must point to a hook procedure in a dynamic-link /// library (DLL). Otherwise, lpfn can point to a hook procedure in the code associated with the current process. /// </param> /// <param name="hMod"> /// [in] Handle to the DLL containing the hook procedure pointed to by the lpfn parameter. /// The hMod parameter must be set to NULL if the dwThreadId parameter specifies a thread created by /// the current process and if the hook procedure is within the code associated with the current process. /// </param> /// <param name="dwThreadId"> /// [in] Specifies the identifier of the thread with which the hook procedure is to be associated. /// If this parameter is zero, the hook procedure is associated with all existing threads running in the /// same desktop as the calling thread. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure. /// If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] private static extern int SetWindowsHookEx( int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId); /// <summary> /// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook"> /// [in] Handle to the hook to be removed. This parameter is a hook handle obtained by a previous call to SetWindowsHookEx. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero. /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] private static extern int UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook); /// <summary> /// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain. /// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook">Ignored.</param> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies the hook code passed to the current hook procedure. /// The next hook procedure uses this code to determine how to process the hook information. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies the wParam value passed to the current hook procedure. /// The meaning of this parameter depends on the type of hook associated with the current hook chain. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Specifies the lParam value passed to the current hook procedure. /// The meaning of this parameter depends on the type of hook associated with the current hook chain. /// </param> /// <returns> /// This value is returned by the next hook procedure in the chain. /// The current hook procedure must also return this value. The meaning of the return value depends on the hook type. /// For more information, see the descriptions of the individual hook procedures. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] private static extern int CallNextHookEx( int idHook, int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// The CallWndProc hook procedure is an application-defined or library-defined callback /// function used with the SetWindowsHookEx function. The HOOKPROC type defines a pointer /// to this callback function. CallWndProc is a placeholder for the application-defined /// or library-defined function name. /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies whether the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is HC_ACTION, the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must pass the message to the /// CallNextHookEx function without further processing and must return the /// value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies whether the message was sent by the current thread. /// If the message was sent by the current thread, it is nonzero; otherwise, it is zero. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Pointer to a CWPSTRUCT structure that contains details about the message. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must return the value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// If nCode is greater than or equal to zero, it is highly recommended that you call CallNextHookEx /// and return the value it returns; otherwise, other applications that have installed WH_CALLWNDPROC /// hooks will not receive hook notifications and may behave incorrectly as a result. If the hook /// procedure does not call CallNextHookEx, the return value should be zero. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/callwndproc.asp /// </remarks> private delegate int HookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// The ToAscii function translates the specified virtual-key code and keyboard /// state to the corresponding character or characters. The function translates the code /// using the input language and physical keyboard layout identified by the keyboard layout handle. /// </summary> /// <param name="uVirtKey"> /// [in] Specifies the virtual-key code to be translated. /// </param> /// <param name="uScanCode"> /// [in] Specifies the hardware scan code of the key to be translated. /// The high-order bit of this value is set if the key is up (not pressed). /// </param> /// <param name="lpbKeyState"> /// [in] Pointer to a 256-byte array that contains the current keyboard state. /// Each element (byte) in the array contains the state of one key. /// If the high-order bit of a byte is set, the key is down (pressed). /// The low bit, if set, indicates that the key is toggled on. In this function, /// only the toggle bit of the CAPS LOCK key is relevant. The toggle state /// of the NUM LOCK and SCROLL LOCK keys is ignored. /// </param> /// <param name="lpwTransKey"> /// [out] Pointer to the buffer that receives the translated character or characters. /// </param> /// <param name="fuState"> /// [in] Specifies whether a menu is active. This parameter must be 1 if a menu is active, or 0 otherwise. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the specified key is a dead key, the return value is negative. Otherwise, it is one of the following values. /// Value Meaning /// 0 The specified virtual key has no translation for the current state of the keyboard. /// 1 One character was copied to the buffer. /// 2 Two characters were copied to the buffer. This usually happens when a dead-key character /// (accent or diacritic) stored in the keyboard layout cannot be composed with the specified /// virtual key to form a single character. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/keyboardinputreference/keyboardinputfunctions/toascii.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32")] private static extern int ToAscii( int uVirtKey, int uScanCode, byte[] lpbKeyState, byte[] lpwTransKey, int fuState); /// <summary> /// The GetKeyboardState function copies the status of the 256 virtual keys to the /// specified buffer. /// </summary> /// <param name="pbKeyState"> /// [in] Pointer to a 256-byte array that contains keyboard key states. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero. /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/keyboardinputreference/keyboardinputfunctions/toascii.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32")] private static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState); [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] private static extern short GetKeyState(int vKey); #endregion #region Windows constants //values from Winuser.h in Microsoft SDK. /// <summary> /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level mouse input events. /// </summary> private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14; /// <summary> /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level keyboard input events. /// </summary> private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; /// <summary> /// Installs a hook procedure that monitors mouse messages. For more information, see the MouseProc hook procedure. /// </summary> private const int WH_MOUSE = 7; /// <summary> /// Installs a hook procedure that monitors keystroke messages. For more information, see the KeyboardProc hook procedure. /// </summary> private const int WH_KEYBOARD = 2; /// <summary> /// The WM_MOUSEMOVE message is posted to a window when the cursor moves. /// </summary> private const int WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x200; /// <summary> /// The WM_LBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the left mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x201; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x204; /// <summary> /// The WM_MBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the middle mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_MBUTTONDOWN = 0x207; /// <summary> /// The WM_LBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the left mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x202; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x205; /// <summary> /// The WM_MBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the middle mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_MBUTTONUP = 0x208; /// <summary> /// The WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK message is posted when the user double-clicks the left mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x203; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK message is posted when the user double-clicks the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x206; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x209; /// <summary> /// The WM_MOUSEWHEEL message is posted when the user presses the mouse wheel. /// </summary> private const int WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A; /// <summary> /// The WM_KEYDOWN message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when a nonsystem /// key is pressed. A nonsystem key is a key that is pressed when the ALT key is not pressed. /// </summary> private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100; /// <summary> /// The WM_KEYUP message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when a nonsystem /// key is released. A nonsystem key is a key that is pressed when the ALT key is not pressed, /// or a keyboard key that is pressed when a window has the keyboard focus. /// </summary> private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101; /// <summary> /// The WM_SYSKEYDOWN message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when the user /// presses the F10 key (which activates the menu bar) or holds down the ALT key and then /// presses another key. It also occurs when no window currently has the keyboard focus; /// in this case, the WM_SYSKEYDOWN message is sent to the active window. The window that /// receives the message can distinguish between these two contexts by checking the context /// code in the lParam parameter. /// </summary> private const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104; /// <summary> /// The WM_SYSKEYUP message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when the user /// releases a key that was pressed while the ALT key was held down. It also occurs when no /// window currently has the keyboard focus; in this case, the WM_SYSKEYUP message is sent /// to the active window. The window that receives the message can distinguish between /// these two contexts by checking the context code in the lParam parameter. /// </summary> private const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105; private const byte VK_SHIFT = 0x10; private const byte VK_CAPITAL = 0x14; private const byte VK_NUMLOCK = 0x90; #endregion /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of UserActivityHook object and sets mouse and keyboard hooks. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public UserActivityHook() { Start(); } /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of UserActivityHook object and installs both or one of mouse and/or keyboard hooks and starts rasing events /// </summary> /// <param name="InstallMouseHook"><b>true</b> if mouse events must be monitored</param> /// <param name="InstallKeyboardHook"><b>true</b> if keyboard events must be monitored</param> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> /// <remarks> /// To create an instance without installing hooks call new UserActivityHook(false, false) /// </remarks> public UserActivityHook(bool InstallMouseHook, bool InstallKeyboardHook) { Start(InstallMouseHook, InstallKeyboardHook); } /// <summary> /// Destruction. /// </summary> ~UserActivityHook() { //uninstall hooks and do not throw exceptions Stop(true, true, false); } /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user moves the mouse, presses any mouse button or scrolls the wheel /// </summary> public event MouseEventHandler OnMouseActivity; /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user presses a key /// </summary> public event KeyEventHandler KeyDown; /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user presses and releases /// </summary> public event KeyPressEventHandler KeyPress; /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user releases a key /// </summary> public event KeyEventHandler KeyUp; /// <summary> /// Stores the handle to the mouse hook procedure. /// </summary> private int hMouseHook = 0; /// <summary> /// Stores the handle to the keyboard hook procedure. /// </summary> private int hKeyboardHook = 0; /// <summary> /// Declare MouseHookProcedure as HookProc type. /// </summary> private static HookProc MouseHookProcedure; /// <summary> /// Declare KeyboardHookProcedure as HookProc type. /// </summary> private static HookProc KeyboardHookProcedure; /// <summary> /// Installs both mouse and keyboard hooks and starts raising events /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Start() { this.Start(true, true); } /// <summary> /// Installs both or one of mouse and/or keyboard hooks and starts raising events /// </summary> /// <param name="InstallMouseHook"><b>true</b> if mouse events must be monitored</param> /// <param name="InstallKeyboardHook"><b>true</b> if keyboard events must be monitored</param> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Start(bool InstallMouseHook, bool InstallKeyboardHook) { // install Mouse hook only if it is not installed and must be installed if (hMouseHook == 0 && InstallMouseHook) { // Create an instance of HookProc. MouseHookProcedure = new HookProc(MouseHookProc); //install hook hMouseHook = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_MOUSE_LL, MouseHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); //If SetWindowsHookEx fails. if (hMouseHook == 0) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //do cleanup Stop(true, false, false); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } // install Keyboard hook only if it is not installed and must be installed if (hKeyboardHook == 0 && InstallKeyboardHook) { // Create an instance of HookProc. KeyboardHookProcedure = new HookProc(KeyboardHookProc); //install hook hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); //If SetWindowsHookEx fails. if (hKeyboardHook == 0) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //do cleanup Stop(false, true, false); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } } /// <summary> /// Stops monitoring both mouse and keyboard events and rasing events. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Stop() { this.Stop(true, true, true); } /// <summary> /// Stops monitoring both or one of mouse and/or keyboard events and rasing events. /// </summary> /// <param name="UninstallMouseHook"><b>true</b> if mouse hook must be uninstalled</param> /// <param name="UninstallKeyboardHook"><b>true</b> if keyboard hook must be uninstalled</param> /// <param name="ThrowExceptions"><b>true</b> if exceptions which occured during uninstalling must be thrown</param> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Stop(bool UninstallMouseHook, bool UninstallKeyboardHook, bool ThrowExceptions) { //if mouse hook set and must be uninstalled if (hMouseHook != 0 && UninstallMouseHook) { //uninstall hook int retMouse = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hMouseHook); //reset invalid handle hMouseHook = 0; //if failed and exception must be thrown if (retMouse == 0 && ThrowExceptions) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } //if keyboard hook set and must be uninstalled if (hKeyboardHook != 0 && UninstallKeyboardHook) { //uninstall hook int retKeyboard = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook); //reset invalid handle hKeyboardHook = 0; //if failed and exception must be thrown if (retKeyboard == 0 && ThrowExceptions) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } } /// <summary> /// A callback function which will be called every time a mouse activity detected. /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies whether the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is HC_ACTION, the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must pass the message to the /// CallNextHookEx function without further processing and must return the /// value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies whether the message was sent by the current thread. /// If the message was sent by the current thread, it is nonzero; otherwise, it is zero. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Pointer to a CWPSTRUCT structure that contains details about the message. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must return the value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// If nCode is greater than or equal to zero, it is highly recommended that you call CallNextHookEx /// and return the value it returns; otherwise, other applications that have installed WH_CALLWNDPROC /// hooks will not receive hook notifications and may behave incorrectly as a result. If the hook /// procedure does not call CallNextHookEx, the return value should be zero. /// </returns> private int MouseHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam) { // if ok and someone listens to our events if ((nCode >= 0) && (OnMouseActivity != null)) { //Marshall the data from callback. MouseLLHookStruct mouseHookStruct = (MouseLLHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MouseLLHookStruct)); //detect button clicked MouseButtons button = MouseButtons.None; short mouseDelta = 0; switch (wParam) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: //case WM_LBUTTONUP: //case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK: button = MouseButtons.Left; break; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: //case WM_RBUTTONUP: //case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK: button = MouseButtons.Right; break; case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: //If the message is WM_MOUSEWHEEL, the high-order word of mouseData member is the wheel delta. //One wheel click is defined as WHEEL_DELTA, which is 120. //(value >> 16) & 0xffff; retrieves the high-order word from the given 32-bit value mouseDelta = (short)((mouseHookStruct.mouseData >> 16) & 0xffff); //TODO: X BUTTONS (I havent them so was unable to test) //If the message is WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK, WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN, WM_NCXBUTTONUP, //or WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK, the high-order word specifies which X button was pressed or released, //and the low-order word is reserved. This value can be one or more of the following values. //Otherwise, mouseData is not used. break; } //double clicks int clickCount = 0; if (button != MouseButtons.None) if (wParam == WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK || wParam == WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK) clickCount = 2; else clickCount = 1; //generate event MouseEventArgs e = new MouseEventArgs( button, clickCount, mouseHookStruct.pt.x, mouseHookStruct.pt.y, mouseDelta); //raise it OnMouseActivity(this, e); } //call next hook return CallNextHookEx(hMouseHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); } /// <summary> /// A callback function which will be called every time a keyboard activity detected. /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies whether the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is HC_ACTION, the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must pass the message to the /// CallNextHookEx function without further processing and must return the /// value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies whether the message was sent by the current thread. /// If the message was sent by the current thread, it is nonzero; otherwise, it is zero. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Pointer to a CWPSTRUCT structure that contains details about the message. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must return the value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// If nCode is greater than or equal to zero, it is highly recommended that you call CallNextHookEx /// and return the value it returns; otherwise, other applications that have installed WH_CALLWNDPROC /// hooks will not receive hook notifications and may behave incorrectly as a result. If the hook /// procedure does not call CallNextHookEx, the return value should be zero. /// </returns> private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam) { //indicates if any of underlaing events set e.Handled flag bool handled = false; //it was ok and someone listens to events if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDown != null || KeyUp != null || KeyPress != null)) { //read structure KeyboardHookStruct at lParam KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct)); //raise KeyDown if (KeyDown != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData); KeyDown(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } // raise KeyPress if (KeyPress != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN) { bool isDownShift = ((GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & 0x80) == 0x80 ? true : false); bool isDownCapslock = (GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL) != 0 ? true : false); byte[] keyState = new byte[256]; GetKeyboardState(keyState); byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2]; if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode, MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode, keyState, inBuffer, MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1) { char key = (char)inBuffer[0]; if ((isDownCapslock ^ isDownShift) && Char.IsLetter(key)) key = Char.ToUpper(key); KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs(key); KeyPress(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } } // raise KeyUp if (KeyUp != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData); KeyUp(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } } //if event handled in application do not handoff to other listeners if (handled) return 1; else return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); } } }
出处：https://blog.csdn.net/u011785544/article/details/51010912
相关参考文档：
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;318804
http://www.cnblogs.com/michaelxu/archive/2006/09/22/511557.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/Johness/archive/2012/12/28/2837977.html
===================================================================
根据上面的代码，我又做了一些改进：
- 扩展keyDown和keyUp事件可以支持组合键
- 扩展键盘钩子的作用范围，支持全局、应用程序内、指定窗口内；后续可能会扩展到指定控件内
- 增加注释，调整和优化个人使用习惯等方式
源代码：
/******************************************************************************** * File Name : HookUserActivity * Creator : mq * Create Time : 2019-02-23 17:55:34 * Description : * Remark : * * ********************************************************************************/ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace TestHook { /// <summary> /// This class allows you to tap keyboard and mouse and / or to detect their activity even when an /// application runes in background or does not have any user interface at all. This class raises /// common .NET events with KeyEventArgs and MouseEventArgs so you can easily retrieve any information you need. /// </summary> public class HookUserActivity { #region Windows structure definitions /// <summary> /// The POINT structure defines the x- and y- coordinates of a point. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/gdi/rectangl_0tiq.asp /// </remarks> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class POINT { /// <summary> /// Specifies the x-coordinate of the point. /// </summary> public int x; /// <summary> /// Specifies the y-coordinate of the point. /// </summary> public int y; } /// <summary> /// The MOUSEHOOKSTRUCT structure contains information about a mouse event passed to a WH_MOUSE hook procedure, MouseProc. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookstructures/cwpstruct.asp /// </remarks> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class MouseHookStruct { /// <summary> /// Specifies a POINT structure that contains the x- and y-coordinates of the cursor, in screen coordinates. /// </summary> public POINT pt; /// <summary> /// Handle to the window that will receive the mouse message corresponding to the mouse event. /// </summary> public int hwnd; /// <summary> /// Specifies the hit-test value. For a list of hit-test values, see the description of the WM_NCHITTEST message. /// </summary> public int wHitTestCode; /// <summary> /// Specifies extra information associated with the message. /// </summary> public int dwExtraInfo; } /// <summary> /// The MSLLHOOKSTRUCT structure contains information about a low-level keyboard input event. /// </summary> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class MouseLLHookStruct { /// <summary> /// Specifies a POINT structure that contains the x- and y-coordinates of the cursor, in screen coordinates. /// </summary> public POINT pt; /// <summary> /// If the message is WM_MOUSEWHEEL, the high-order word of this member is the wheel delta. /// The low-order word is reserved. A positive value indicates that the wheel was rotated forward, /// away from the user; a negative value indicates that the wheel was rotated backward, toward the user. /// One wheel click is defined as WHEEL_DELTA, which is 120. ///If the message is WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK, WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN, WM_NCXBUTTONUP, /// or WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK, the high-order word specifies which X button was pressed or released, /// and the low-order word is reserved. This value can be one or more of the following values. Otherwise, mouseData is not used. ///XBUTTON1 ///The first X button was pressed or released. ///XBUTTON2 ///The second X button was pressed or released. /// </summary> public int mouseData; /// <summary> /// Specifies the event-injected flag. An application can use the following value to test the mouse flags. Value Purpose ///LLMHF_INJECTED Test the event-injected flag. ///0 ///Specifies whether the event was injected. The value is 1 if the event was injected; otherwise, it is 0. ///1-15 ///Reserved. /// </summary> public int flags; /// <summary> /// Specifies the time stamp for this message. /// </summary> public int time; /// <summary> /// Specifies extra information associated with the message. /// </summary> public int dwExtraInfo; } /// <summary> /// The KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT structure contains information about a low-level keyboard input event. /// </summary> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookstructures/cwpstruct.asp /// </remarks> [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] private class KeyboardHookStruct { /// <summary> /// Specifies a virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254. /// </summary> public int vkCode; /// <summary> /// Specifies a hardware scan code for the key. /// </summary> public int scanCode; /// <summary> /// Specifies the extended-key flag, event-injected flag, context code, and transition-state flag. /// </summary> public int flags; /// <summary> /// Specifies the time stamp for this message. /// </summary> public int time; /// <summary> /// Specifies extra information associated with the message. /// </summary> public int dwExtraInfo; } /// <summary> /// 作用范围 /// </summary> public enum HookScopeType { /// <summary> /// 全局的级别 /// </summary> GlobalScope = 1, /// <summary> /// 应用程序级别 /// </summary> Application = 2, /// <summary> /// 窗口级别 /// </summary> FormScope = 3 } #endregion #region Windows API function imports /// <summary> /// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain. /// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events /// are associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook"> /// [in] Specifies the type of hook procedure to be installed. This parameter can be one of the following values. /// </param> /// <param name="lpfn"> /// [in] Pointer to the hook procedure. If the dwThreadId parameter is zero or specifies the identifier of a /// thread created by a different process, the lpfn parameter must point to a hook procedure in a dynamic-link /// library (DLL). Otherwise, lpfn can point to a hook procedure in the code associated with the current process. /// </param> /// <param name="hMod"> /// [in] Handle to the DLL containing the hook procedure pointed to by the lpfn parameter. /// The hMod parameter must be set to NULL if the dwThreadId parameter specifies a thread created by /// the current process and if the hook procedure is within the code associated with the current process. /// </param> /// <param name="dwThreadId"> /// [in] Specifies the identifier of the thread with which the hook procedure is to be associated. /// If this parameter is zero, the hook procedure is associated with all existing threads running in the /// same desktop as the calling thread. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure. /// If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] private static extern int SetWindowsHookEx( int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId); /// <summary> /// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook"> /// [in] Handle to the hook to be removed. This parameter is a hook handle obtained by a previous call to SetWindowsHookEx. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero. /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall, SetLastError = true)] private static extern int UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook); /// <summary> /// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain. /// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information. /// </summary> /// <param name="idHook">Ignored.</param> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies the hook code passed to the current hook procedure. /// The next hook procedure uses this code to determine how to process the hook information. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies the wParam value passed to the current hook procedure. /// The meaning of this parameter depends on the type of hook associated with the current hook chain. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Specifies the lParam value passed to the current hook procedure. /// The meaning of this parameter depends on the type of hook associated with the current hook chain. /// </param> /// <returns> /// This value is returned by the next hook procedure in the chain. /// The current hook procedure must also return this value. The meaning of the return value depends on the hook type. /// For more information, see the descriptions of the individual hook procedures. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/setwindowshookex.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] private static extern int CallNextHookEx( int idHook, int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// The CallWndProc hook procedure is an application-defined or library-defined callback /// function used with the SetWindowsHookEx function. The HOOKPROC type defines a pointer /// to this callback function. CallWndProc is a placeholder for the application-defined /// or library-defined function name. /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies whether the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is HC_ACTION, the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must pass the message to the /// CallNextHookEx function without further processing and must return the /// value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies whether the message was sent by the current thread. /// If the message was sent by the current thread, it is nonzero; otherwise, it is zero. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Pointer to a CWPSTRUCT structure that contains details about the message. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must return the value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// If nCode is greater than or equal to zero, it is highly recommended that you call CallNextHookEx /// and return the value it returns; otherwise, other applications that have installed WH_CALLWNDPROC /// hooks will not receive hook notifications and may behave incorrectly as a result. If the hook /// procedure does not call CallNextHookEx, the return value should be zero. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/windowing/hooks/hookreference/hookfunctions/callwndproc.asp /// </remarks> private delegate int HookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam); /// <summary> /// The ToAscii function translates the specified virtual-key code and keyboard /// state to the corresponding character or characters. The function translates the code /// using the input language and physical keyboard layout identified by the keyboard layout handle. /// </summary> /// <param name="uVirtKey"> /// [in] Specifies the virtual-key code to be translated. /// </param> /// <param name="uScanCode"> /// [in] Specifies the hardware scan code of the key to be translated. /// The high-order bit of this value is set if the key is up (not pressed). /// </param> /// <param name="lpbKeyState"> /// [in] Pointer to a 256-byte array that contains the current keyboard state. /// Each element (byte) in the array contains the state of one key. /// If the high-order bit of a byte is set, the key is down (pressed). /// The low bit, if set, indicates that the key is toggled on. In this function, /// only the toggle bit of the CAPS LOCK key is relevant. The toggle state /// of the NUM LOCK and SCROLL LOCK keys is ignored. /// </param> /// <param name="lpwTransKey"> /// [out] Pointer to the buffer that receives the translated character or characters. /// </param> /// <param name="fuState"> /// [in] Specifies whether a menu is active. This parameter must be 1 if a menu is active, or 0 otherwise. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the specified key is a dead key, the return value is negative. Otherwise, it is one of the following values. /// Value Meaning /// 0 The specified virtual key has no translation for the current state of the keyboard. /// 1 One character was copied to the buffer. /// 2 Two characters were copied to the buffer. This usually happens when a dead-key character /// (accent or diacritic) stored in the keyboard layout cannot be composed with the specified /// virtual key to form a single character. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/keyboardinputreference/keyboardinputfunctions/toascii.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32")] private static extern int ToAscii( int uVirtKey, int uScanCode, byte[] lpbKeyState, byte[] lpwTransKey, int fuState); /// <summary> /// The GetKeyboardState function copies the status of the 256 virtual keys to the /// specified buffer. /// </summary> /// <param name="pbKeyState"> /// [in] Pointer to a 256-byte array that contains keyboard key states. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero. /// If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. /// </returns> /// <remarks> /// http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/winui/winui/windowsuserinterface/userinput/keyboardinput/keyboardinputreference/keyboardinputfunctions/toascii.asp /// </remarks> [DllImport("user32")] private static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState); [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] private static extern short GetKeyState(int vKey); /// <summary> /// 获取（焦点、活动）窗口的句柄 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetForegroundWindow")] private static extern IntPtr GetForegroundWindow(); /// <summary> /// 获取指定窗口句柄的进程ID /// </summary> /// <param name="hwnd">窗口句柄</param> /// <param name="ID">进程ID号</param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)] private static extern int GetWindowThreadProcessId(IntPtr hwnd, out int ID); /// <summary> /// 获取窗口句柄，我一般都是用lpClassName来获取特定窗口， /// 曾经使用过lpWindowName，好像无法获取到窗口的句柄，不知道为什么； /// ps：可以使用vs自带的spy++工具来查看特定窗口的类名称 /// </summary> /// <param name="lpClassName"></param> /// <param name="lpWindowName"></param> /// <returns></returns> [DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "FindWindow")] private static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName, string lpWindowName); #endregion #region Windows constants //values from Winuser.h in Microsoft SDK. /// <summary> /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level mouse input events. /// </summary> private const int WH_MOUSE_LL = 14; /// <summary> /// Windows NT/2000/XP: Installs a hook procedure that monitors low-level keyboard input events. /// </summary> private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; /// <summary> /// Installs a hook procedure that monitors mouse messages. For more information, see the MouseProc hook procedure. /// </summary> private const int WH_MOUSE = 7; /// <summary> /// Installs a hook procedure that monitors keystroke messages. For more information, see the KeyboardProc hook procedure. /// </summary> private const int WH_KEYBOARD = 2; /// <summary> /// The WM_MOUSEMOVE message is posted to a window when the cursor moves. /// </summary> private const int WM_MOUSEMOVE = 0x200; /// <summary> /// The WM_LBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the left mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_LBUTTONDOWN = 0x201; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_RBUTTONDOWN = 0x204; /// <summary> /// The WM_MBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the middle mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_MBUTTONDOWN = 0x207; /// <summary> /// The WM_LBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the left mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_LBUTTONUP = 0x202; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_RBUTTONUP = 0x205; /// <summary> /// The WM_MBUTTONUP message is posted when the user releases the middle mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_MBUTTONUP = 0x208; /// <summary> /// The WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK message is posted when the user double-clicks the left mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x203; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK message is posted when the user double-clicks the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x206; /// <summary> /// The WM_RBUTTONDOWN message is posted when the user presses the right mouse button /// </summary> private const int WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK = 0x209; /// <summary> /// The WM_MOUSEWHEEL message is posted when the user presses the mouse wheel. /// </summary> private const int WM_MOUSEWHEEL = 0x020A; /// <summary> /// The WM_KEYDOWN message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when a nonsystem /// key is pressed. A nonsystem key is a key that is pressed when the ALT key is not pressed. /// </summary> private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100; /// <summary> /// The WM_KEYUP message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when a nonsystem /// key is released. A nonsystem key is a key that is pressed when the ALT key is not pressed, /// or a keyboard key that is pressed when a window has the keyboard focus. /// </summary> private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101; /// <summary> /// The WM_SYSKEYDOWN message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when the user /// presses the F10 key (which activates the menu bar) or holds down the ALT key and then /// presses another key. It also occurs when no window currently has the keyboard focus; /// in this case, the WM_SYSKEYDOWN message is sent to the active window. The window that /// receives the message can distinguish between these two contexts by checking the context /// code in the lParam parameter. /// </summary> private const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104; /// <summary> /// The WM_SYSKEYUP message is posted to the window with the keyboard focus when the user /// releases a key that was pressed while the ALT key was held down. It also occurs when no /// window currently has the keyboard focus; in this case, the WM_SYSKEYUP message is sent /// to the active window. The window that receives the message can distinguish between /// these two contexts by checking the context code in the lParam parameter. /// </summary> private const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105; /// <summary> /// Shift键 /// </summary> private const byte VK_SHIFT = 0x10; /// <summary> /// Ctrl键 /// </summary> private const byte VK_CONTROL = 0x11; /// <summary> /// Alt键 /// </summary> private const byte VK_MENU = 0x12; /// <summary> /// Caps Lock键 /// </summary> private const byte VK_CAPITAL = 0x14; /// <summary> /// Num Lock键 /// </summary> private const byte VK_NUMLOCK = 0x90; #endregion #region event Object /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user moves the mouse, presses any mouse button or scrolls the wheel /// </summary> public event MouseEventHandler OnMouseActivity; /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user presses a key /// </summary> public event KeyEventHandler KeyDown; /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user presses and releases /// </summary> public event KeyPressEventHandler KeyPress; /// <summary> /// Occurs when the user releases a key /// </summary> public event KeyEventHandler KeyUp; #endregion #region Public Property /// <summary> /// 钩子的作用范围 /// </summary> public HookScopeType HookScope { set; get; } /// <summary> /// 当HookScopeType设置为Form的时候，需指定钩子监听的窗口； /// 当指定的窗口为活动窗口，则监听和处理对应的注册事件 /// </summary> public Form ActivityForm { set; get; } #endregion #region private field /// <summary> /// Stores the handle to the mouse hook procedure. /// </summary> private int hMouseHook = 0; /// <summary> /// Stores the handle to the keyboard hook procedure. /// </summary> private int hKeyboardHook = 0; /// <summary> /// 是否安装鼠标钩子 /// </summary> private bool isInstallMouseHook = false; /// <summary> /// 是否安装键盘钩子 /// </summary> private bool isInstallKeyboardHook = false; /// <summary> /// Declare MouseHookProcedure as HookProc type. /// </summary> private static HookProc MouseHookProcedure; /// <summary> /// Declare KeyboardHookProcedure as HookProc type. /// </summary> private static HookProc KeyboardHookProcedure; #endregion #region 构造和析构函数 /* /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of UserActivityHook object and sets mouse and keyboard hooks. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public HookUserActivity() { isInstallMouseHook = true; isInstallKeyboardHook = true; } /// <summary> /// Creates an instance of UserActivityHook object and installs both or one of mouse and/or keyboard hooks and starts rasing events /// </summary> /// <param name="InstallMouseHook"><b>true</b> if mouse events must be monitored</param> /// <param name="InstallKeyboardHook"><b>true</b> if keyboard events must be monitored</param> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> /// <remarks> /// To create an instance without installing hooks call new UserActivityHook(false, false) /// </remarks> public HookUserActivity(bool InstallMouseHook, bool InstallKeyboardHook) { isInstallMouseHook = InstallMouseHook; isInstallKeyboardHook = InstallKeyboardHook; } */ /// <summary> /// Destruction. /// Uninstall hooks and do not throw exceptions /// </summary> ~HookUserActivity() { //uninstall hooks and do not throw exceptions Stop(true, true, false); } #endregion #region public Method /// <summary> /// Installs both mouse and keyboard hooks and starts raising events /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Start() { isInstallMouseHook = isInstallKeyboardHook = true; this.Start(isInstallMouseHook, isInstallKeyboardHook); } /// <summary> /// Installs both or one of mouse and/or keyboard hooks and starts raising events /// </summary> /// <param name="InstallMouseHook"><b>true</b> if mouse events must be monitored</param> /// <param name="InstallKeyboardHook"><b>true</b> if keyboard events must be monitored</param> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Start(bool InstallMouseHook, bool InstallKeyboardHook) { // install Mouse hook only if it is not installed and must be installed if (hMouseHook == 0 && InstallMouseHook) { // Create an instance of HookProc. MouseHookProcedure = new HookProc(MouseHookProc); //install hook hMouseHook = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_MOUSE_LL, MouseHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); //If SetWindowsHookEx fails. if (hMouseHook == 0) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //do cleanup Stop(true, false, false); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } // install Keyboard hook only if it is not installed and must be installed if (hKeyboardHook == 0 && InstallKeyboardHook) { // Create an instance of HookProc. KeyboardHookProcedure = new HookProc(KeyboardHookProc); //install hook hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx( WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE( Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); //If SetWindowsHookEx fails. if (hKeyboardHook == 0) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //do cleanup Stop(false, true, false); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } } /// <summary> /// Stops monitoring both mouse and keyboard events and rasing events. /// </summary> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Stop() { this.Stop(true, true, true); } /// <summary> /// Stops monitoring both or one of mouse and/or keyboard events and rasing events. /// </summary> /// <param name="UninstallMouseHook"><b>true</b> if mouse hook must be uninstalled</param> /// <param name="UninstallKeyboardHook"><b>true</b> if keyboard hook must be uninstalled</param> /// <param name="ThrowExceptions"><b>true</b> if exceptions which occured during uninstalling must be thrown</param> /// <exception cref="Win32Exception">Any windows problem.</exception> public void Stop(bool UninstallMouseHook, bool UninstallKeyboardHook, bool ThrowExceptions) { //if mouse hook set and must be uninstalled if (hMouseHook != 0 && UninstallMouseHook) { //uninstall hook int retMouse = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hMouseHook); //reset invalid handle hMouseHook = 0; //if failed and exception must be thrown if (retMouse == 0 && ThrowExceptions) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } //if keyboard hook set and must be uninstalled if (hKeyboardHook != 0 && UninstallKeyboardHook) { //uninstall hook int retKeyboard = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook); //reset invalid handle hKeyboardHook = 0; //if failed and exception must be thrown if (retKeyboard == 0 && ThrowExceptions) { //Returns the error code returned by the last unmanaged function called using platform invoke that has the DllImportAttribute.SetLastError flag set. int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error(); //Initializes and throws a new instance of the Win32Exception class with the specified error. throw new Win32Exception(errorCode); } } } #endregion #region private Method /// <summary> /// A callback function which will be called every time a mouse activity detected. /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies whether the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is HC_ACTION, the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must pass the message to the /// CallNextHookEx function without further processing and must return the /// value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies whether the message was sent by the current thread. /// If the message was sent by the current thread, it is nonzero; otherwise, it is zero. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Pointer to a CWPSTRUCT structure that contains details about the message. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must return the value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// If nCode is greater than or equal to zero, it is highly recommended that you call CallNextHookEx /// and return the value it returns; otherwise, other applications that have installed WH_CALLWNDPROC /// hooks will not receive hook notifications and may behave incorrectly as a result. If the hook /// procedure does not call CallNextHookEx, the return value should be zero. /// </returns> private int MouseHookProc(int nCode, int wParam, IntPtr lParam) { // if ok and someone listens to our events if ((nCode >= 0) && (OnMouseActivity != null)) { //Marshall the data from callback. MouseLLHookStruct mouseHookStruct = (MouseLLHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(MouseLLHookStruct)); //detect button clicked MouseButtons button = MouseButtons.None; short mouseDelta = 0; switch (wParam) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: //case WM_LBUTTONUP: //case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK: button = MouseButtons.Left; break; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: //case WM_RBUTTONUP: //case WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK: button = MouseButtons.Right; break; case WM_MOUSEWHEEL: //If the message is WM_MOUSEWHEEL, the high-order word of mouseData member is the wheel delta. //One wheel click is defined as WHEEL_DELTA, which is 120. //(value >> 16) & 0xffff; retrieves the high-order word from the given 32-bit value mouseDelta = (short)((mouseHookStruct.mouseData >> 16) & 0xffff); //TODO: X BUTTONS (I havent them so was unable to test) //If the message is WM_XBUTTONDOWN, WM_XBUTTONUP, WM_XBUTTONDBLCLK, WM_NCXBUTTONDOWN, WM_NCXBUTTONUP, //or WM_NCXBUTTONDBLCLK, the high-order word specifies which X button was pressed or released, //and the low-order word is reserved. This value can be one or more of the following values. //Otherwise, mouseData is not used. break; } //double clicks int clickCount = 0; if (button != MouseButtons.None) if (wParam == WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK || wParam == WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK) clickCount = 2; else clickCount = 1; //generate event MouseEventArgs e = new MouseEventArgs( button, clickCount, mouseHookStruct.pt.x, mouseHookStruct.pt.y, mouseDelta); //raise it OnMouseActivity(this, e); } //call next hook return CallNextHookEx(hMouseHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); } /// <summary> /// A callback function which will be called every time a keyboard activity detected. /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"> /// [in] Specifies whether the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is HC_ACTION, the hook procedure must process the message. /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must pass the message to the /// CallNextHookEx function without further processing and must return the /// value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// </param> /// <param name="wParam"> /// [in] Specifies whether the message was sent by the current thread. /// If the message was sent by the current thread, it is nonzero; otherwise, it is zero. /// </param> /// <param name="lParam"> /// [in] Pointer to a CWPSTRUCT structure that contains details about the message. /// </param> /// <returns> /// If nCode is less than zero, the hook procedure must return the value returned by CallNextHookEx. /// If nCode is greater than or equal to zero, it is highly recommended that you call CallNextHookEx /// and return the value it returns; otherwise, other applications that have installed WH_CALLWNDPROC /// hooks will not receive hook notifications and may behave incorrectly as a result. If the hook /// procedure does not call CallNextHookEx, the return value should be zero. /// </returns> private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam) { int handling = 0; if (HookScope == HookScopeType.FormScope && Form.ActiveForm == ActivityForm) { handling = KeyboardEventHandling(nCode, wParam, lParam); } if (HookScope == HookScopeType.Application && Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id == GetForegroundWindowProcessID()) { handling = KeyboardEventHandling(nCode, wParam, lParam); } if (HookScope == HookScopeType.GlobalScope) { handling = KeyboardEventHandling(nCode, wParam, lParam); } return handling; } /// <summary> /// 根据用户注册的按键事件，进行逐个事件的处理 /// </summary> /// <param name="nCode"></param> /// <param name="wParam"></param> /// <param name="lParam"></param> /// <returns></returns> private int KeyboardEventHandling(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam) { //indicates if any of underlaing events set e.Handled flag bool handled = false; //it was ok and someone listens to events if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDown != null || KeyUp != null || KeyPress != null)) { short vShift = GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT); short vControl = GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL); short vAlt = GetKeyState(VK_MENU); short vCapital = GetKeyState(VK_CAPITAL); log("---------------"); log("vShift = " + Convert.ToString(vShift, 2)); log("vControl = " + Convert.ToString(vControl, 2)); log("vAlt = " + Convert.ToString(vAlt, 2)); log("vCapital = " + Convert.ToString(vCapital, 2)); //read structure KeyboardHookStruct at lParam KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct)); //raise KeyDown if (KeyDown != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs( keyData | ((vShift & 0x80) == 0x80 ? Keys.Shift : Keys.None) | ((vControl & 0x80) == 0x80 ? Keys.Control : Keys.None) | ((vAlt & 0x80) == 0x80 ? Keys.Alt : Keys.None) ); KeyDown(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } // raise KeyPress if (KeyPress != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN) { bool isDownShift = ((vShift & 0x80) == 0x80 ? true : false); bool isDownCapslock = (vCapital != 0 ? true : false); byte[] keyState = new byte[256]; GetKeyboardState(keyState); byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2]; if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode, MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode, keyState, inBuffer, MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1) { char key = (char)inBuffer[0]; if ((isDownCapslock ^ isDownShift) && Char.IsLetter(key)) key = Char.ToUpper(key); KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs(key); KeyPress(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } } // raise KeyUp if (KeyUp != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs( keyData | ((vShift & 0x81) == 0x81 ? Keys.Shift : Keys.None) | ((vControl & 0x81) == 0x81 ? Keys.Control : Keys.None) | ((vAlt & 0x81) == 0x81 ? Keys.Alt : Keys.None) ); KeyUp(this, e); handled = handled || e.Handled; } } //if event handled in application do not handoff to other listeners if (handled) return 1; else return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); } /// <summary> /// 获取活动窗口应用程序的进程ID /// 根据窗口句柄来获取进程ID。 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private int GetForegroundWindowProcessID() { int processID; GetWindowThreadProcessId(GetForegroundWindow(), out processID); return processID; } /// <summary> /// 在输出窗口显示调试信息 /// </summary> /// <param name="msg"></param> private void log(string msg) { Console.WriteLine(msg); } #endregion } }
调用方式：
HookUserActivity hook = new HookUserActivity(); hook.HookScope = HookUserActivity.HookScopeType.GlobalScope; hook.ActivityForm = this; //hook.OnMouseActivity += Hook_OnMouseActivity; hook.KeyDown += Hook_KeyDown; //hook.KeyPress += Hook_KeyPress; //hook.KeyUp += Hook_KeyUp; hook.Start(false, true);
===================================================================
C#全局键盘监听（Hook）
一.为什么需要全局键盘监听？
在某些情况下应用程序需要实现快捷键执行特定功能，例如大家熟知的QQ截图功能Ctrl+Alt+A快捷键，只要QQ程序在运行（无论是拥有焦点还是处于后台运行状态），都可以按下快捷键使用此功能...
这个时候在程序中添加键盘监听肯定不能满足需求了，当用户焦点不在App上时（如最小化，或者用户在处理其它事物等等）键盘监听就失效了
二.怎样才能实现全局键盘监听？
这里需要用到Windows API，源码如下：（可以作为一个工具类[KeyboardHook.cs]收藏起来）
[特别说明：下面的源码来自某网友，很久以前收集的，也找不到出处了，如有版权问题请联系我]
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Text; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Reflection; namespace 壁纸管家 { /// <summary> /// 键盘钩子 /// [以下代码来自某网友，并非本人原创] /// </summary> class KeyboardHook { public event KeyEventHandler KeyDownEvent; public event KeyPressEventHandler KeyPressEvent; public event KeyEventHandler KeyUpEvent; public delegate int HookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam); static int hKeyboardHook = 0; //声明键盘钩子处理的初始值 //值在Microsoft SDK的Winuser.h里查询 public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13; //线程键盘钩子监听鼠标消息设为2，全局键盘监听鼠标消息设为13 HookProc KeyboardHookProcedure; //声明KeyboardHookProcedure作为HookProc类型 //键盘结构 [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] public class KeyboardHookStruct { public int vkCode; //定一个虚拟键码。该代码必须有一个价值的范围1至254 public int scanCode; // 指定的硬件扫描码的关键 public int flags; // 键标志 public int time; // 指定的时间戳记的这个讯息 public int dwExtraInfo; // 指定额外信息相关的信息 } //使用此功能，安装了一个钩子 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern int SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId); //调用此函数卸载钩子 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(int idHook); //使用此功能，通过信息钩子继续下一个钩子 [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern int CallNextHookEx(int idHook, int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam); // 取得当前线程编号（线程钩子需要用到） [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] static extern int GetCurrentThreadId(); //使用WINDOWS API函数代替获取当前实例的函数,防止钩子失效 [DllImport("kernel32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string name); public void Start() { // 安装键盘钩子 if (hKeyboardHook == 0) { KeyboardHookProcedure = new HookProc(KeyboardHookProc); hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, GetModuleHandle(System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.ModuleName), 0); //hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]), 0); //************************************ //键盘线程钩子 //SetWindowsHookEx( 2,KeyboardHookProcedure, IntPtr.Zero, GetCurrentThreadId());//指定要监听的线程idGetCurrentThreadId(), //键盘全局钩子,需要引用空间(using System.Reflection;) //SetWindowsHookEx( 13,MouseHookProcedure,Marshal.GetHINSTANCE(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetModules()[0]),0); // //关于SetWindowsHookEx (int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hInstance, int threadId)函数将钩子加入到钩子链表中，说明一下四个参数： //idHook 钩子类型，即确定钩子监听何种消息，上面的代码中设为2，即监听键盘消息并且是线程钩子，如果是全局钩子监听键盘消息应设为13， //线程钩子监听鼠标消息设为7，全局钩子监听鼠标消息设为14。lpfn 钩子子程的地址指针。如果dwThreadId参数为0 或是一个由别的进程创建的 //线程的标识，lpfn必须指向DLL中的钩子子程。 除此以外，lpfn可以指向当前进程的一段钩子子程代码。钩子函数的入口地址，当钩子钩到任何 //消息后便调用这个函数。hInstance应用程序实例的句柄。标识包含lpfn所指的子程的DLL。如果threadId 标识当前进程创建的一个线程，而且子 //程代码位于当前进程，hInstance必须为NULL。可以很简单的设定其为本应用程序的实例句柄。threaded 与安装的钩子子程相关联的线程的标识符 //如果为0，钩子子程与所有的线程关联，即为全局钩子 //************************************ //如果SetWindowsHookEx失败 if (hKeyboardHook == 0) { Stop(); throw new Exception("安装键盘钩子失败"); } } } public void Stop() { bool retKeyboard = true; if (hKeyboardHook != 0) { retKeyboard = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook); hKeyboardHook = 0; } if (!(retKeyboard)) throw new Exception("卸载钩子失败！"); } //ToAscii职能的转换指定的虚拟键码和键盘状态的相应字符或字符 [DllImport("user32")] public static extern int ToAscii(int uVirtKey, //[in] 指定虚拟关键代码进行翻译。 int uScanCode, // [in] 指定的硬件扫描码的关键须翻译成英文。高阶位的这个值设定的关键，如果是（不压） byte[] lpbKeyState, // [in] 指针，以256字节数组，包含当前键盘的状态。每个元素（字节）的数组包含状态的一个关键。如果高阶位的字节是一套，关键是下跌（按下）。在低比特，如果设置表明，关键是对切换。在此功能，只有肘位的CAPS LOCK键是相关的。在切换状态的NUM个锁和滚动锁定键被忽略。 byte[] lpwTransKey, // [out] 指针的缓冲区收到翻译字符或字符。 int fuState); // [in] Specifies whether a menu is active. This parameter must be 1 if a menu is active, or 0 otherwise. //获取按键的状态 [DllImport("user32")] public static extern int GetKeyboardState(byte[] pbKeyState); [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] private static extern short GetKeyState(int vKey); private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x100;//KEYDOWN private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x101;//KEYUP private const int WM_SYSKEYDOWN = 0x104;//SYSKEYDOWN private const int WM_SYSKEYUP = 0x105;//SYSKEYUP private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam) { // 侦听键盘事件 if ((nCode >= 0) && (KeyDownEvent != null || KeyUpEvent != null || KeyPressEvent != null)) { KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct)); // raise KeyDown if (KeyDownEvent != null && (wParam == WM_KEYDOWN || wParam == WM_SYSKEYDOWN)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData); KeyDownEvent(this, e); } //键盘按下 if (KeyPressEvent != null && wParam == WM_KEYDOWN) { byte[] keyState = new byte[256]; GetKeyboardState(keyState); byte[] inBuffer = new byte[2]; if (ToAscii(MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode, MyKeyboardHookStruct.scanCode, keyState, inBuffer, MyKeyboardHookStruct.flags) == 1) { KeyPressEventArgs e = new KeyPressEventArgs((char)inBuffer[0]); KeyPressEvent(this, e); } } // 键盘抬起 if (KeyUpEvent != null && (wParam == WM_KEYUP || wParam == WM_SYSKEYUP)) { Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode; KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData); KeyUpEvent(this, e); } } //如果返回1，则结束消息，这个消息到此为止，不再传递。 //如果返回0或调用CallNextHookEx函数则消息出了这个钩子继续往下传递，也就是传给消息真正的接受者 return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam); } ~KeyboardHook() { Stop(); } } }
三.如何使用上面的工具类？
//0）.准备工作 //把上面的工具类添加到项目中 //1）.首先导入需要的命名空间 using System.Runtime.InteropServices; //调用WINDOWS API函数时要用到 using Microsoft.Win32; //写入注册表时要用到 //2）.安装Hook，在程序入口中写上下面的代码（本例中用了WinForm，在Form的构造方法中安装Hook即可） //安装键盘钩子 k_hook = new KeyboardHook(); k_hook.KeyDownEvent += new KeyEventHandler(hook_KeyDown);//钩住键按下 k_hook.Start();//安装键盘钩子 //3）.判断输入键值（实现KeyDown事件） private void hook_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e) { //判断按下的键（Alt + A） if (e.KeyValue == (int)Keys.A && (int)Control.ModifierKeys == (int)Keys.Alt) { System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("按下了指定快捷键组合"); } } //注意几种不同的键值判断： //<1>.单普通键（例如A） //<2>.单控制键+单普通键（例如Ctrl+A） //<3>.多控制键+单普通键（例如Ctrl+Alt+A） //上面的代码中演示了<2>中的示例，其它情况以此类推，无非就是添几个条件再&&起来就好 //4）.搞定了，开始测试
四.使用全局键盘监听需要注意的问题(请读者朋友务必看看)
1.在应用程序中使用全局键盘监听，会被360发现，弹窗提示用户“有程序正在监听键盘输入，是否阻止？”
所以如果程序中必须要用Hook应该告诉用户不会泄露其信息等等
或者直接把App提交给360审核
否则杀软的提示会对用户体验造成极大的影响
P.S.本机只在360安全卫士环境下做了测试，其它杀软未知，应该也会提示类似的危险信息，故慎重使用Hook
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本文来自博客园，作者：jack_Meng，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/mq0036/p/10412584.html
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posted on 2019-02-21 14:58 jack_Meng 阅读(3488) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报
