Redis系列7-订阅发布机制
订阅模式
Redis 提供两个订阅模式:频道(channel)订阅
和 glob-style 模式(pattern)频道订阅
。
- 频道订阅: CA(client A)向服务器订阅了频道 news,当 CB 向 news 发布消息的时候,CA 便能收到
- glob-style频道订阅:举例,CA(client A)向服务器订阅了频道*.news:当 CB 向 cc.news、aa.news 发布消息的时候,CA 都能收到
数据结构
struct redisServer 和 struct redisClient 都维护了频道和模式频道,前者维护了所有频道和订阅频道的客户端,后者维护了客户端自己订阅的频道。
struct redisServer {
......
/* Pubsub */
dict *pubsub_channels; /* Map channels to list of subscribed clients */
list *pubsub_patterns; /* A list of pubsub_patterns */
......
}
typedef struct redisClient {
......
// 用户感兴趣的频道
dict *pubsub_channels; /* channels a client is interested in (SUBSCRIBE) */
// 用户感兴趣的模式
list *pubsub_patterns; /* patterns a client is interested in (SUBSCRIBE) */
......
} redisClient;
// 模式频道数据结构,list *pubsub_patterns 里的每个节点数据都是struct
// pubsubPattern。
typedef struct pubsubPattern {
redisClient *client;
robj *pattern;
} pubsubPattern;
频道订阅是一个 dict,每个 channel 被哈希进相应的桶,每个 channel 对应一个 clients,clients 都订阅了此 channel。当有消息发布的时候,检索 channel,遍历 clients,发布消息。
模式频道订阅是一个 list。当有消息发布的时候,channel 与 glob-style pattern 匹配,发布消息。
订阅过程
两种订阅模式是维护上述两种数据结构的过程,
// 订阅频道
/* Subscribe a client to a channel. Returns 1 if the operation succeeded, or
* 0 if the client was already subscribed to that channel. */
int pubsubSubscribeChannel(redisClient *c, robj *channel) {
struct dictEntry *de;
list *clients = NULL;
int retval = 0;
// redisClient.pubsub_channels 中保存客户端订阅的所有频道,可以查看客户端
// 订阅了多少频道以及客户端是否订阅某个频道
// server.pubsub_channels 中保存所有的频道和每个频道的订阅客户端,可以将
// 消息发布到订阅客户端
// 将频道加入redisClient.pubsub_channels
/* Add the channel to the client -> channels hash table */
if (dictAdd(c->pubsub_channels,channel,NULL) == DICT_OK) {
retval = 1;
incrRefCount(channel);
// 在服务器负责维护的channel->clients 哈希表中寻找指定的频道
/* Add the client to the channel -> list of clients hash table */
de = dictFind(server.pubsub_channels,channel);
// 未找到客户端指定的频道,需要创建
if (de == NULL) {
clients = listCreate();
// 将频道加入server.pubsub_channels
dictAdd(server.pubsub_channels,channel,clients);
incrRefCount(channel);
// 找到客户端指定的频道,直接获取这个频道
} else {
clients = dictGetVal(de);
}
// 将客户端添加到链表的尾部
listAddNodeTail(clients,c);
}
// 通知客户端
/* Notify the client */
addReply(c,shared.mbulkhdr[3]);
addReply(c,shared.subscribebulk);
addReplyBulk(c,channel);
addReplyLongLong(c,dictSize(c->pubsub_channels)+listLength(
c->pubsub_patterns));
return retval;
}
// 订阅模式频道
/* Subscribe a client to a pattern. Returns 1 if the operation succeeded,
or 0 if the client was already subscribed to that pattern. */
int pubsubSubscribePattern(redisClient *c, robj *pattern) {
int retval = 0;
// redisClient.pubsub_patterns 中保存客户端订阅的所有模式频道,可以查看
// 客户端订阅了多少频道以及客户端是否订阅某个频道
// server.pubsub_patterns 中保存所有的模式频道和每个模式频道的订阅客户端
// ,可以将消息发布到订阅客户端
// 未订阅模式频道,插入
if (listSearchKey(c->pubsub_patterns,pattern) == NULL) {
retval = 1;
pubsubPattern *pat;
// 将模式频道加入redisClient.pubsub_patterns
listAddNodeTail(c->pubsub_patterns,pattern);
incrRefCount(pattern);
// 将模式频道加入server.pubsub_patterns
pat = zmalloc(sizeof(*pat));
pat->pattern = getDecodedObject(pattern);
pat->client = c;
listAddNodeTail(server.pubsub_patterns,pat);
}
// 通知客户端
/* Notify the client */
addReply(c,shared.mbulkhdr[3]);
addReply(c,shared.psubscribebulk);
addReplyBulk(c,pattern);
addReplyLongLong(c,dictSize(c->pubsub_channels)+listLength(
c->pubsub_patterns));
return retval;
}
消息发布
发布消息的过程则遍历上述两个数据结构(dict 和list),并将消息发布到匹配频道的所有客户端。
// 发布消息
/* Publish a message */
int pubsubPublishMessage(robj *channel, robj *message) {
int receivers = 0;
struct dictEntry *de;
listNode *ln;
listIter li;
// 发布消息有两个步骤,
// 指定频道的所有订阅者发布消息
// 指定模式频道的所有订阅者发布消息
//
// 寻找频道
/* Send to clients listening for that channel */
de = dictFind(server.pubsub_channels,channel);
// 向频道所有订阅者发布信息
if (de) {
list *list = dictGetVal(de);
listNode *ln;
listIter li;
listRewind(list,&li);
while ((ln = listNext(&li)) != NULL) {
redisClient *c = ln->value;
addReply(c,shared.mbulkhdr[3]);
addReply(c,shared.messagebulk);
addReplyBulk(c,channel);
addReplyBulk(c,message);
receivers++;
}
}
//
// 进行glob-style 模式匹配
/* Send to clients listening to matching channels */
if (listLength(server.pubsub_patterns)) {
listRewind(server.pubsub_patterns,&li);
channel = getDecodedObject(channel);
while ((ln = listNext(&li)) != NULL) {
pubsubPattern *pat = ln->value;
// 匹配成功,向订阅者发布消息
if (stringmatchlen((char*)pat->pattern->ptr,
sdslen(pat->pattern->ptr),
(char*)channel->ptr,
sdslen(channel->ptr),0)) {
addReply(pat->client,shared.mbulkhdr[4]);
addReply(pat->client,shared.pmessagebulk);
addReplyBulk(pat->client,pat->pattern);
addReplyBulk(pat->client,channel);
addReplyBulk(pat->client,message);
receivers++;
}
}
decrRefCount(channel);
}
return receivers;
}
注意, 只要客户端订阅了频道, 除了SUBCRIBE,UNSUBCRIBE,PSUBCRIBE,PSUBCRIBE,就不能执行其他命令。
int processCommand(redisClient *c) {
......
// 在订阅发布模式下,只允许处理SUBSCRIBE 或者UNSUBSCRIBE 命令
// 从下面的检测条件可以看出:只要存在redisClient.pubsub_channels 或者
// redisClient.pubsub_patterns,就代表处于订阅发布模式下
/* Only allow SUBSCRIBE and UNSUBSCRIBE in the context of Pub/Sub */
if ((dictSize(c->pubsub_channels) > 0 || listLength(c->pubsub_patterns) > 0)
&&
c->cmd->proc != subscribeCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != unsubscribeCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != psubscribeCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != punsubscribeCommand) {
addReplyError(c,"only (P)SUBSCRIBE / (P)UNSUBSCRIBE / QUIT allowed
"in this context");
return REDIS_OK;
}
......
}