05-LoadBalancer负载均衡
1、介绍
目前主流的负载方案分为以下两种:
- 集中式负载均衡,在消费者和服务提供方中间使用独立的代理方式进行负载,有硬件的(比如 F5),也有软件的(比如 Nginx)。
- 客户端根据自己的请求情况做负载均衡,LoadBalancer、Ribbon 就属于客户端自己做负载均衡。
2、快速开始
废话不多少,上代码。
pom.xml
maven依赖配置文件,如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mindasoft</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer-consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-cloud-loadbalancer-consumer</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.6.4</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
<layout>default</layout>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
</repository>
</repositories>
<pluginRepositories>
<pluginRepository>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
<releases>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</releases>
</pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>
</project>
上面配置文件,我们没有新增LoadBalancer的配置,其实spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client已经依赖了一个具体实现,在老版本的是Ribbon,新的版本是Spring自己实现的loadbalancer,如下:。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
所以不需要格外添加配置。
application.properties
服务配置文件,也可以用yml,如下:
server.port=9003
# 服务注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:9000/eureka/
# 服务名称
spring.application.name=loadbalancer-customer
LoadBalancerConsumerApplication
服务启动类,如下:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableDiscoveryClient // Eureka Discovery Client 标识
@SpringBootApplication
public class LoadBalancerConsumerApplication {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced // 开启负载均衡的功能
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudRibbonConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
上面代码中,@LoadBalanced 注解开启了RestTemplate的负载均衡,具体原理后面深入源码学习时再做了解。这里只需要了解该注解标记后,该http请求会有负载均衡效果。
ConsumerController
服务调用,
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* Created by huangmin
*/
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConsumerController.class);
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate; // HTTP客户端
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
String providerMsg = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://PROVIDER-SERVICE/hello",
String.class).getBody();
return "Hello,I'm Customer! msg from provider : <br/><br/> " + providerMsg;
}
}
3、Ribbon
在2020版本之后,已经移出了Ribbon。