作为初学者来说,在C#中使用API确是一件令人头疼的问题。在使用API之前你必须知道如何在C#中使用结构、类型转换、安全/不安全代码,可控/不可控代码等许多知识。
一切从简单开始,复杂的大家一时不能接受。我们就从实现一个简单的MessageBox开始。首先打开VS.Net ,创建一个新的C#工程,并添加一个Button按钮。当这个按钮被点击,则显示一个MessageBox对话框。
即然我们需要引用外来库,所以必须导入一个Namespace:
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
接着添加下面的代码来声明一个API:
[DllImport("User32.dll")]
public static extern int MessageBox(int h, string m, string c, int type);
此处DllImport属性被用来从不可控代码中调用一方法。”User32.dll”则设定了类库名。DllImport属性指定dll的位置,这个dll中包括调用的外部方法。Static修饰符则声明一个静态元素,而这个元素属于类型本身而不是上面指定的对象。extern则表示这个方法将在工程外部执行,使用DllImport导入的方法必须使用extern修饰符。
MessageBox 则是函数名,拥有4个参数,其返回值为数字。
大多数的API都能传递并返回值。
添中Click点击事件代码:
protected void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
MessageBox (0,"API Message Box","API Demo",0);
}
编译并运行这个程序,当你点击按钮后,你将会看到对话框,这便是你使用的API函数。
使用结构体
操作带有结构体的API比使用简单的API要复杂的多。但是一旦你掌握了API的过程,那个整个API世界将在你的掌握之中。
下面的例子中我们将使用GetSystemInfo API 来获取整个系统的信息。
第一步还是打开C#建立一个Form工程,同样的添中一个Button按钮,在代码窗中输入下面的代码,导入Namespace:
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
声明一个结构体,它将作为GetSystemInfo的一个参数:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SYSTEM_INFO
{
public uint dwOemId;
public uint dwPageSize;
public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
public uint dwActiveProcessorMask;
public uint dwNumberOfProcessors;
public uint dwProcessorType;
public uint dwAllocationGranularity;
public uint dwProcessorLevel;
public uint dwProcessorRevision;
}
声明API函数:
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);
添加下面的代码至按钮的点击事件处理中:
首先创建一个SYSTEM_INFO结构体,并将其传递给GetSystemInfo函数。
protected void button1_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
try
{
SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO();
GetSystemInfo(ref pSI);
//
//
//
//一旦你接收到返回的结构体,那么就可以以返回的参数来执行操作了。
e.g.listBox1.InsertItem (0,pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());:
//
//
//
}
catch(Exception er)
{
MessageBox.Show (er.Message);
}
}
//Created By Ajit Mungale
//程序补充 苍马之子
新建两个Form窗体:Mainform和about,在Mainform窗体中添加MenuStrip,然后添加子菜单abouttoolmenustrip,另外添加一个ListBox和Button。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace WINAPI
{
//Struct 收集系统信息
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SYSTEM_INFO
{
public uint dwOemId;
public uint dwPageSize;
public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
public uint dwActiveProcessorMask;
public uint dwNumberOfProcessors;
public uint dwProcessorType;
public uint dwAllocationGranularity;
public uint dwProcessorLevel;
public uint dwProcessorRevision;
}
//struct 收集内存情况
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct MEMORYSTATUS
{
public uint dwLength;
public uint dwMemoryLoad;
public uint dwTotalPhys;
public uint dwAvailPhys;
public uint dwTotalPageFile;
public uint dwAvailPageFile;
public uint dwTotalVirtual;
public uint dwAvailVirtual;
}
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
//获取系统信息
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);
//获取内存信息
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus(ref MEMORYSTATUS buf);
//处理器类型
public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_386 = 386;
public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_486 = 486;
public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM = 586;
public const int PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000 = 4000;
public const int PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064 = 21064;
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void aboutToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Form abt = new about();
abt.ShowDialog();
}
private void btn_display_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO();
GetSystemInfo(ref pSI);
string CPUType;
switch (pSI.dwProcessorType)
{
case PROCESSOR_INTEL_386:
CPUType = "Intel 386";
break;
case PROCESSOR_INTEL_486:
CPUType = "Intel 486";
break;
case PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM:
CPUType = "Intel Pentium";
break;
case PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000:
CPUType = "MIPS R4000";
break;
case PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064:
CPUType = "DEC Alpha 21064";
break;
default:
CPUType = "(unknown)";
break;
}
listBox1.Items.Add("Active Processor Mask :" + pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Allocation Granularity :" + pSI.dwAllocationGranularity.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Number Of Processors :" + pSI.dwNumberOfProcessors.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("OEM ID :" + pSI.dwOemId.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Page Size:" + pSI.dwPageSize.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Processor Level Value:" + pSI.dwProcessorLevel.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Processor Revision:" + pSI.dwProcessorRevision.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("CPU type:" + CPUType);
listBox1.Items.Add("Maximum Application Address: " + pSI.lpMaximumApplicationAddress.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Minimum Application Address:" + pSI.lpMinimumApplicationAddress.ToString());
/************** 从 GlobalMemoryStatus 获取返回值****************/
MEMORYSTATUS memSt = new MEMORYSTATUS();
GlobalMemoryStatus(ref memSt);
listBox1.Items.Add("Available Page File :" + (memSt.dwAvailPageFile/1024).ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Available Physical Memory : " + (memSt.dwAvailPhys/1024).ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Available Virtual Memory:" + (memSt.dwAvailVirtual/1024).ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Size of structur :" + memSt.dwLength.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Memory In Use :" + memSt.dwMemoryLoad.ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Total Page Size :" + (memSt.dwTotalPageFile/1024).ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Total Physical Memory :" + (memSt.dwTotalPhys/1024).ToString());
listBox1.Items.Add("Total Virtual Memory :" + (memSt.dwTotalVirtual/1024).ToString());
}
catch (Exception er)
{
MessageBox.Show(er.Message);
}
}
}
}