Ansible流程控制
Ansible流程控制
目录
playbook的条件语句
不管是shell还是各大编程语言中，流程控制，条件判断这些都是必不可少的，在我们使用Ansible的过程中，条件判
断的使用频率极其高。 例如： 1.我们使用不同的系统的时候，可以通过判断系统来对软件包进行安装。 2.在nfs和
rsync安装过程中，客户端服务器不需要推送配置文件，之前我们都是写多个play，会影响效率。 3.我们在源码安装
nginx的时候，执行第二遍就无法执行了，此时我们就可以进行判断是否安装过。
官方写法
- hosts: web_group
tasks:
- name: remove wget
yum:
name: wget
state: present
#when: ansible_hostname == 'web01'
when: ansible_facts['hostname'] == 'web01'
判断分组
tasks:
- name: "shut down CentOS 6 and Debian 7 systems"
command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
when: (ansible_distribution == "CentOS" and ansible_distribution_major_version == "6") or (ansible_distribution == "Debian" and ansible_distribution_major_version == "7")
判断多条件用列表
tasks:
- name: "shut down CentOS 6 systems"
command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
when:
- ansible_distribution == "CentOS"
- ansible_distribution_major_version == "6"
判断条件运算
ansible_python['version']['major']|int >=1
tasks:
- shell: echo "only on Red Hat 6, derivatives, and later"
when: ansible_facts['os_family'] == "RedHat" and ansible_facts['lsb']['major_release']|int >= 6
模糊匹配
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Install Nginx
yum:
name: nginx
state: present
when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
条件语句判断实战：rsync
# 1.发送公钥
vim ssh_key.sh
#!/bin/bash
. /etc/init.d/functions
ip='5 6 7 8 9 31 41 51 61'
passwd=1
for n in $ip;do
ping -c 1 172.16.1.$n &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
sshpass -p $passwd ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 172.16.1.$n &>/dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
action "172.16.1.$n ssh-key" /bin/true
else
action "172.16.1.$n ssh-key" /bin/false
fi
fi
done
# 2.先决条件
rsync配置文件
vim /etc/rsync.passwd
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
#####################################
[backup]
comment = welcome to oldboyedu backup!
path = /backup
# 3.编辑rsync playbook
[root@m01 rsync]# cat rsync.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Install Rsync Server
yum:
name: rsync
when: ansible_hostname == 'nfs' or ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Configure Rsync Conf
copy:
src: /root/rsync/rsyncd.conf
dest: /etc/rsyncd.conf
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Create Rsync Passwd File
copy:
content: rsync_backup:123
dest: /etc/rsync.passwd
mode: 0600
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Create backup dir
file:
path: /backup
state: directory
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Start Rsync Server
service:
name: rsyncd
state: started
enabled: yes
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Create nfs Passwd File
copy:
content: '123'
dest: /etc/rsync.passwd
mode: 0600
when: ansible_hostname == 'nfs'
playbook循环语句
在之前的学习过程中，我们经常会有传送文件，创建目录之类的操作，创建2个目录就要写两个file模块来创建，如果
要创建100个目录，我们需要写100个file模块？？？妈耶~~ 当然不是，只要有循环即可，减少重复性代码。
循环语法
[root@m01 ~]# cat test_items.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Start ge zhong fuwu
service:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: stopped
when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
with_items:
- nginx
- php-fpm
- name: Start nfs
service:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: stopped
when: ansible_hostname == 'nfs'
with_items:
- rsyncd
- nfs-server
字典循环
pkg:httpd
key:value
1.创建用户
[root@m01 ~]# cat test_items.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Create Group
group:
name: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- linux
- av
- name: Create User
user:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
group: "{{ item.group }}"
with_items:
- {name: "zls",group: "linux"}
- {name: "cls",group: "av"}
2.推送配置文件
- name: Push All Conf
copy:
src: "{{ item.src }}"
dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
with_items:
- {src: "/root/ansible/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"}
- {src: "/root/ansible/blog.drz.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.drz.com.conf"}
- {src: "/root/ansible/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf"}
playbook handlers(触发器)
handler用来执行某些条件下的任务，比如当配置文件发生变化的时候，通过notify触发handler去重启服务。
在saltstack中也有类似的触发器，写法相对Ansible简单，只需要watch，配置文件即可。
handlers:
- name: Restart Rsync
service:
name: rsyncd
state: restarted
[root@m01 rsync]# cat rsync.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- name: Install Rsync Server
yum:
name: rsync
when: ansible_hostname == 'nfs' or ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Configure Rsync Conf
copy:
src: /root/rsync/rsyncd.conf
dest: /etc/rsyncd.conf
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
notify:
- Restart PHP
- Restart Nginx
- name: Create Rsync Passwd File
copy:
content: rsync_backup:123
dest: /etc/rsync.passwd
mode: 0600
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Create backup dir
file:
path: /backup
state: directory
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Start Rsync Server
service:
name: rsyncd
state: started
enabled: yes
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
- name: Create nfs Passwd File
copy:
content: '123'
dest: /etc/rsync.passwd
mode: 0600
when: ansible_hostname == 'nfs'
handlers:
- name: Restart Rsync
service:
name: rsyncd
state: restarted
- name: Rstart NFS
service:
name: nfs-server
state: restarted
- name: Rstart Nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: restarted
- name: Rstart PHP
service:
name: php-fpm
state: restarted
注意：
1.无论多少个task通知了相同的handlers，handlers仅会在所有tasks结束后运行一次。
2.Handlers只有在其所在的任务被执行时，才会被运行；如果一个任务中定义了notify调用Handlers，但是由于条件判断等原因，该任务未被执行，那么Handlers同样不会被执行。
3.Handlers只会在每一个play的末尾运行一次；如果想在一个playbook中间运行Handlers，则需要使用meta模块来实现。例如： -meta: flush_handlers。
4.如果一个play在运行到调用Handlers的语句之前失败了，那么这个Handlers将不会被执行。我们可以使用meta模块的--force-handlers选项来强制执行Handlers，即使Handlers所在的play中途运行失败也能执行。
5.不能使用handlers替代tasks
playbook tags (任务标签)
打标签的方式
1.对一个task打一个标签
2.对一个task打多个标签
3.对多个task打一个标签
打标签语法
- name: Push All Conf
copy:
src: "{{ item.src }}"
dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
with_items:
- {src: "/root/ansible/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"}
- {src: "/root/ansible/blog.drz.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/blog.drz.com.conf"}
tags:
- manager_nginx_server
notify: Restart nginx
when: ansible_hostname is match 'web*'
handlers:
- name: Restart nginx
service:
name: nginx
state: reloaded
执行
-t：执行指定的标签
--skip-tags：跳过指定标签
playbook include（剧本复用）
[root@m01 ansible_project]# cat task.yml
- hosts: all
tasks:
- include_tasks: rsync/install_rsync.yml
- include_tasks: rsync/config_rsync.yml
- include_tasks: rsync/start_rsync.yml
handlers:
- name: Restart Rsync
service:
name: rsyncd
state: restarted
[root@m01 ansible_project]# tree /ansible_project/
/ansible_project/
├── group_vars
├── host_vars
│ ├── backup
│ └── nfs
├── mariadb
├── nfs
├── nginx
├── php
├── rsync
│ ├── config_rsync.yml
│ ├── install_rsync.yml
│ ├── rsyncd.conf
│ └── start_rsync.yml
├── sersync
└── task.yml
[root@m01 ansible_project]# cat rsync/install_rsync.yml
- name: Install rsync
yum:
name: "{{ pkg }}"
state: absent
when: ansible_hostname == 'nfs' or ansible_hostname == 'backup'
[root@m01 ansible_project]# cat rsync/config_rsync.yml
- name: Configure Rsync Server
copy:
src: ./rsyncd.conf
dest: /etc/rsyncd.conf
notify: Restart Rsync
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
[root@m01 ansible_project]# cat rsync/start_rsync.yml
- name: Start Rsync
service:
name: rsyncd
state: started
enabled: yes
when: ansible_hostname == 'backup'
忽略错误(ignore_errors)
- hosts: web_group
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: panduan php
shell: 'rpm -qa|grep php'
register: panduan_php
ignore_errors: yes
- name: Install php
shell: 'rpm -Uvh /tmp/*.rpm'
when: panduan_php.rc != 0
抑制changed
将剧本执行过程中未改变但是还会执行的task结果由黄色强行改为绿色
vim nginx.yml
- hosts: web_group
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: check nginx
shell: '/sbin/nginx -t'
register: check_nginx
changed_when:
- check_nginx.stderr_lines.0.find('ok')
- false
本文来自博客园，作者：远方还很远，转载请注明原文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/moqiqingyu/p/15149523.html
