单例模式的写法

第一种(懒汉,线程不安全):

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton instance;  
    private Singleton (){}  

    public static Singleton getInstance() {  
    if (instance == null) {  
        instance = new Singleton();  
    }  
    return instance;  
    }  
}  

第二种(懒汉,线程安全):

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton instance;  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {  
    if (instance == null) {  
        instance = new Singleton();  
    }  
    return instance;  
    }  
}  

这种写法能够在多线程中很好的工作,而且看起来它也具备很好的lazy loading,但是,遗憾的是,效率很低,99%情况下不需要同步。

第三种(饿汉):

public class Singleton {  
    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getInstance() {  
    return instance;  
    }  
}  

这种方式基于classloader机制,在深度分析Java的ClassLoader机制(源码级别)Java类的加载、链接和初始化两个文章中有关于classload而机制的线程安全问题的介绍,避免了多线程的同步问题,不过instance在类装载时就实例化,虽然导致类装载的原因有很多种,在单例模式中大多数都是调用getInstance方法, 但是也不能确定有其他的方式(或者其他的静态方法)导致类装载,这时候初始化instance显然没有达到lazy loading的效果。

第四种(饿汉,变种):

public class Singleton {  
    private Singleton instance = null;  
    static {  
    instance = new Singleton();  
    }  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getInstance() {  
    return this.instance;  
    }  
}  

第五种(静态内部类):

public class Singleton {  
    private static class SingletonHolder {  
    private static final Singleton INSTANCE = new Singleton();  
    }  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static final Singleton getInstance() {  
    return SingletonHolder.INSTANCE;  
    }  
}  

第六种(枚举):

public enum Singleton {  
    INSTANCE;  
    public void whateverMethod() {  
    }  
}  

第七种(双重校验锁):

public class Singleton {  
    private volatile static Singleton singleton;  
    private Singleton (){}  
    public static Singleton getSingleton() {  
    if (singleton == null) {  
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {  
        if (singleton == null) {  
            singleton = new Singleton();  
        }  
        }  
    }  
    return singleton;  
    }  
}  

 

posted @ 2016-04-13 21:55  moonandstar08  阅读(323)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报