利用kafka和kafka connect插件debezium实现oracle表同步

1.kafka安装

1.1.java安装

openjdk下载，建议使用17，至少应该高于版本11

# 进入家目录，解压下载的java包，配置环境变量
tar vxf openjdk-20.0.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
vi .bash_profile
# 注意要把JAVA的目录放到$PATH之前
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk-20
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
source .bash_profile
java -version

1.2.zookeeper安装

zookeeper下载

安装

mkdir -p /opt/zookeeper
tar vxf apache-zookeeper-3.9.2-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/zookeeper
cd /opt/zookeeper/apache-zookeeper-3.9.2-bin
mv * ..
cd /opt/zookeeper/
rm -rf apache-zookeeper-3.9.2-bin/
cd /opt/zookeeper/conf
cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg

配置文件修改

# 默认如下，根据自己需求修改，例如修改数据目录，修改监听端口
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/tmp/zookeeper
clientPort=2181

添加环境变脸

vi .bash_profile
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/opt/zookeeper
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin

打开关闭

zkServer.sh start
jps #有QuorumPeerMain
zkServer.sh stop

1.3.kafka安装

kafka下载

安装

mkdir -p /opt/kafka
tar vxf kafka_2.12-3.0.0.tgz -C /opt/kafka/
cd /opt/kafka/kafka_2.12-3.0.0/
mv * ..
rm -rf kafka_2.12-3.0.0/

配置文件修改

cd /opt/kafka/config
vi server.properties

# 默认如下，根据需求修改，例如zookeeper地址
# 需要添加监听地址，不然只能本地访问
listeners=PLAINTEXT://192.168.1.101:9092
broker.id=0
num.network.threads=3
num.io.threads=8
socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600
log.dirs=/tmp/kafka-logs
num.partitions=1
num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1
offsets.topic.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.min.isr=1
log.retention.hours=168
log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=18000
group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms=0

添加环境变量

vi .bash_profile
export KAFKA_HOME=/opt/kafka
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$KAFKA_HOME/bin

打开关闭

# 打开
kafka-server-start.sh -daemon $KAFKA_HOME/config/server.properties
jps
# 查看日志
tail -f /opt/kafka/logs/server.log
# 关闭
kafka-server-stop.sh

2.安装debezium

dezezium下载

安装

cd  /opt/kafka/
mkdir connectors
tar vxf debezium-connector-oracle-2.7.1.Final-plugin.tar.gz -C /opt/kafka/connectors/

修改配置文件

cd /opt/kafka/config
vi connect-distributed.properties
####################################
# 这里的IP要和1.3修改的kafka的监听IP相同
bootstrap.servers=192.168.1.101:9092
# listeners也要打开
listeners=HTTP://192.168.1.101:8083
plugin.path=/opt/kafka/connectors
####################################

启动kafka connect

# 启动
connect-distributed.sh -daemon $KAFKA_HOME/config/connect-distributed.properties
jps
# 查看日志
tail -f /opt/kafka/logs/connectDistributed.out
# 关闭,通过jps得到ConnectDistributed的pid
jps
kill -9 xxxxx

3.抽取oracle表

3.1.connector配置文件

vi oracle-connector-monkeydb.json

{
  "name": "oracle-connector",
  "config": {
    "connector.class": "io.debezium.connector.oracle.OracleConnector",
    "tasks.max": "1",
    "database.hostname": "192.168.1.100",
    "database.port": "1521",
    "database.user": "dbzuser",
    "database.password": "dbz",
    "database.dbname": "monkeydb",
    "schema.history.internal.kafka.bootstrap.servers": "192.168.1.101:9092",
    "schema.history.internal.kafka.topic": "schema-changes.monkeydb",   /*所有schema的元数据存放在这个topic中*/
    "include.schema.changes": "true",
    "table.include.list": "monkey.debtest",
    "topic.prefix": "monkeydb"   /*抽取的每个表会生成一个topic，这是topic的前缀*/
  }
}

3.2.数据库新建用户

CREATE USER dbzuser IDENTIFIED BY dbz;

GRANT UNLIMITED TABLESPACE TO dbzuser;

GRANT CREATE SESSION TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$DATABASE TO dbzuser;
GRANT FLASHBACK ANY TABLE TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE TO dbzuser;
GRANT EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ANY TRANSACTION TO dbzuser;

GRANT CREATE TABLE TO dbzuser;
GRANT LOCK ANY TABLE TO dbzuser;
GRANT CREATE SEQUENCE TO dbzuser;

GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOGMNR TO dbzuser;
GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_LOGMNR_D TO dbzuser;

GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOG TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOG_HISTORY TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_LOGS TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_CONTENTS TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGMNR_PARAMETERS TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$LOGFILE TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$ARCHIVED_LOG TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$TRANSACTION TO dbzuser;

GRANT SELECT ON V_$MYSTAT TO dbzuser;
GRANT SELECT ON V_$STATNAME TO dbzuser;

3.3.打开connector

connector相关

# 打开
curl -X POST -H "Accept:application/json" -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d @oracle-connector-monkeydb.json http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors
# 查看日志
tail -f /opt/kafka/logs/connectDistributed.out
# 查看有哪些connector
curl -i -X GET http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors/
# 停止connector
curl -X PUT http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors/oracle-connector/pause
# 回复connector
curl -X PUT http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors/oracle-connector/resume
# 查看状态(connector的名字在json文件中有执行)
curl -s -X GET http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors/oracle-connector/status
# 删除
curl -i -X DELETE http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors/oracle-connector

kafka相关

# 查看生成的topic
kafka-topics.sh --bootstrap-server 192.168.1.101:9092 --list
# 查看表中抽出来数据（实时）
kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 192.168.1.101:9092  --topic monkeydb.MONKEY.DEBTEST --from-beginning

4.写入oracle表

JDBC Sink Connector Plug-in下载

和第2步下载地址相同，第2步下载的是Oracle Connector Plug-in

4.1.Sink Connector配置文件

vi sink-oracle-connector-monkeydb.json

{
  "name": "oracle-sink-connector",
  "config": {
    "connector.class": "io.debezium.connector.jdbc.JdbcSinkConnector",
    "tasks.max": "1",
    "topics": "monkeydb.MONKEY.DEBTEST",
    "connection.url": "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192.168.1.102:1521/orcl",
    "connection.username": "dbzuser",
    "connection.password": "dbz",
    "table.name.format": "dbzuser.debtest",
    "insert.mode": "upsert",
    "delete.enabled": "true",
    "primary.key.mode": "record_key",
    "primary.key.fields": "ID",
    "key.converter": "org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter",
    "value.converter": "org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverter",
    "key.converter.schemas.enable": "true",
    "value.converter.schemas.enable": "true"
  }
}

4.2.打开connector

# 打开
curl -X POST -H "Accept:application/json" -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d @sink-oracle-connector-monkeydb.json http://192.168.1.101:8083/connectors

5.问题及解决方法

connector的json配置文件第一次写错了，导致history topic创建到了两外一个kafka中，改回来之后，创建connector后，connetor状态错误

"io.debezium.DebeziumException: The db history topic is missing. You may attempt to recover it by reconfiguring the connector to recovery.\n\tat

解决：

修改connector的json中name即可。只要修改了name，再次开启，就会重新抓取。

6.参数优化

6.1.抽取connector参数

log.mining.strategy

指定使用哪里的数据字典来将表和列ID解析为名称。默认值redo_log_catalog，将数据字典写入联机重做日志，从而随着时间的推移生成更多存档日志。这还可以跟踪捕获的表的 DDL 更改，因此如果架构频繁更改，这是理想的选择。online_catalog，使用数据库的当前数据字典来解析对象 ID，并且不会将任何额外信息写入联机重做日志。这使得 LogMiner 的挖掘速度大大加快，但代价是无法跟踪 DDL 更改。如果捕获的表架构很少或从不更改，那么这是理想的选择。把这个参数设置为online_catalog后可以减少归档日志生成量，同时加快同步进度（经过测试，没有设置之前，插入数据要两分钟后才会写入topic，设置之后，几乎同步）。
log.mining.continuous.mine

当为true时，Debezium 会使用 Oracle 的持续日志挖掘模式，因此捕获延时较低，但资源消耗大一点儿，适合需要实时同步的生产环境。如果使用默认值，Debezium 会使用 Oracle 的增量日志挖掘模式，捕获延时高，适合REDO产生量少，变化不大的环境。
log.mining.batch.size.*

每次日志挖掘的SCN步长
参考：Flink CDC 系列 - 实时抽取 Oracle 数据，排雷和调优实践

posted @ 2024-08-26 14:31 monkey6 阅读(152) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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