OracleSpatial函数

Oracle_spatial的函数

一sdo_Geom包的函数：

用于表示两个几何对象的关系(结果为True/False)的函数：RELATE，WITHIN_DISTANCE

验证的函数：VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT，

VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT

单个对象操作的函数：SDO_ARC_DENSIFY， SDO_AREA，SDO_BUFFER，SDO_

CENTROID，SDO_CONVEXHULL， SDO_LENGTH，SDO_MAX_MBR_

ORDINATE， SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE，SDO_MBR，SDO_POINTONSURFACE

需两个对象操作操作的函数：SDO_DISTANCE，SDO_DIFFERENCE，SDO_INTERSECTION，SDO_UNION，SDO_XOR

1、sdo_Geom.Relate

sdo_Geom.Relate(sdo_Geometry1, ‘MASK’, sod_Geometry2, tolerance )：用于判断一个几何体与另一个几何体的关系，我们用于判断当前点是否在某一个面(省份面、县市面、乡镇面)上。　　

参数说明：　　　　sdo_Geometry1，sdo_Geometry2为空间数据对应的几何对象。　　　　

Tolerance: 容许的精度范围；　　

MASK参数: 　　　　

Anyinteract: sdo_Geometry2落在sdo_Geometry1面上包括在边上。　　　　

Contains: sdo_Geometry2完全包含在sdo_Geometry1几何对象中，并且两个几何对象的边没有交叉。　　　　

Coveredby: sdo_Geometry1完全包含在sdo_Geometry2中，并且这两个几何对象的边有一个或多个点相互重叠。　　　　

Covers: sdo_Geometry2完全包含在sdo_Geometry1中，并且这两个几何对象的边有一个或多个点相互重叠。　　　　

Disjoint: 两个几何没有重叠交叉点，也没有共同的边。　　　　

Equal: 两个几何是相等的。　　　　

Inside: sdo_Geometry1完全包含在sdo_Geometry2几何对象中，并且两个几何对象的边没有交叉。　　　　

On: sdo_Geometry1的边和内部的线完全在sdo_Geometry2上。　　　　

Overlapbdydisjoint: 两个几何对象交迭，但是边没有交叉。　　　　

Overlapbdyintersect: 两个几何对象交迭，并且边有部分交叉。　　　　

Touch: 两个几何对象有共同的边，但没有交叉。

SELECT ct.gwm_fid, ct.name

FROM i_exch_s ct, sales_regions comp

WHERE SDO_GEOM.RELATE(ct.gwm_geometry, 'INSIDE', comp.geom, 0.5) = 'INSIDE'

AND comp.gwm_fid = 50076218

ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;

SELECT ct.gwm_fid, ct.name

FROM i_exch_s ct, sales_regions comp

WHERE SDO_GEOM.RELATE(ct.gwm_geometry, 'ANYINTERACT', comp.geom, 0.5) =

'INSIDE'

AND comp.gwm_fid = 50076218

ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;

--RELATE函数补充SDO_RELATE操作符

SELECT sra.gwm_fid,

SDO_GEOM.RELATE(sra.geom, 'DETERMINE', srb.geom, 0.5) relationship

FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra

WHERE srb.gwm_fid = 50076218

AND sra.gwm_fid <> 50076218

AND SDO_RELATE(sra.geom,

srb.geom,

'mask=TOUCH+OVERLAPBDYDISJOINT+OVERLAPBDYINTERSECT') =

'TRUE'

ORDER BY sra.gwm_fid;

2、SDO_GEOM. WITHIN_DISTANCE

SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE(

geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim1 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

dist IN NUMBER,

geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim2 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

[, units IN VARCHAR2]

) RETURN VARCHAR2;

SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE(

geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dist IN NUMBER,

geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tol IN NUMBER

[, units IN VARCHAR2]

) RETURN VARCHAR2;
　　参数说明：　　　　

sdo_Geometry1，sdo_Geometry2为空间数据对应的几何对象。　　　　

Tolerance: 容许的精度范围；　　　　

Dist: 指定的距离；　　　　

Unit: 用于表示距离的单位，可能是Unit=M/ Unit=KM等长度单位，但必须是SDO_DIST_UNITS表中列举出来的单位之一。

SELECT SDO_GEOM.WITHIN_DISTANCE(c_b.shape,

m.diminfo,

c_d.shape,

m.diminfo)

FROM cola_markets c_b, cola_markets c_d, user_sdo_geom_metadata m

WHERE m.table_name = 'COLA_MARKETS'

AND m.column_name = 'SHAPE'

AND c_b.name = 'cola_b'

AND c_d.name = 'cola_d';

SELECT sdo_geom.within_distance(c.shape,50,d.shape,'0.5')

FROM cola_markets c,cola_markets d

WHERE c.name = 'cola_d' and d.name='cola_c';

3、sdo_Geom.SDO_BUFFER

 SDO_BUFFER

geometry            IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

 distance            IN NUMBER,

 tolerance       IN NUMBER

[, params       IN VARCHAR2]

 RETURNS an SDO_GEOMETRY

其中

geometry是一个参数，表示将被缓冲的SDO_GEOMETRY对象。

distance是一个参数，表示缓冲输入的几何体的数值距离。

tolerance是一个参数，表示容差。

params是一个可选的第四个参数，表示两个参数：unit=<value_string>和arc_ tolerance=<value_number>。

unit=<value_string>参数表示距离的单位。你可以通过查阅MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS表来获得单位的可能取值。

如果几何体是大地测量的(也就是说，如果几何体的SDO_SRID被赋值为大地测量SRID，如8307或者8625)，那么 arc_tolerance=<value_number>参数就是必须的。在大地测量的空间里，弧度是不允许的。然而，它们可以近似地用线表示。弧线的容差参数表示弧线与它的近似线的最大距离。

注：弧线容差通常要大于几何体的容差。

在大地测量数据中，容差是以米为单位来指定的。而arc_tolerance总是使用parameter_string中指定的单位。

例子：

--创建表

CREATE TABLE sales_regions AS

SELECT gwm_fid,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_BUFFER(b.gwm_geometry,

0.25,

0.5,

'arc_tolerance=0.005') geom

FROM i_exch_s b where rownum<10;

由于i_exch_s表中的srid为null，所以arc_tolerance不能指定单位

--插元数据

INSERT INTO user_sdo_geom_metadata

SELECT 'SALES_REGIONS', 'GEOM', diminfo, srid

FROM user_sdo_geom_metadata

WHERE table_name = 'I_EXCH_S'

--建空间索引

CREATE INDEX sr_sidx ON sales_regions(geom) INDEXTYPE IS mdsys.spatial_index;

4、sdo_Geom.SDO_DISTANCE

SDO_DISTANCE函数的语法如下：

SDO_DISTANCE

(

geometry1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

geometry2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tolerance IN NUMBER

[, params IN VARCHAR2]

)

RETURNS a NUMBER

其中

geometry1和geometry2是起始的两个参数，它们表示SDO_GEOMETRY对象。

tolerance表示数据集的容差。对于大地测量的数据，它们通常是0.5或者0.1(0.5米或者是0.1米)。对于非大地测量的数据，它将被设置为合适的值，来避免四舍五入引起的错误。

params是可选的第四个参数，是形如'unit=<value_string>'的字符串。这个参数指定了返回距离的单位。可以通过查看MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS表获得可能的单位值。

-- Return the distance between two geometries.

SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(c_b.shape, c_d.shape, 0.005)

FROM cola_markets c_b, cola_markets c_d

WHERE c_b.name = 'cola_b'

AND c_d.name = 'cola_d';

SELECT ct.gwm_fid, ct.name

FROM i_exch_s comp, l_interest_s ct

WHERE comp.gwm_fid = 52065726

AND SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(ct.gwm_geometry, comp.gwm_geometry, 0.5 /*',unit=mile'*/) < 50

ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;

在SQL中使用带有SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE空间操作符的SDO_DISTANCE函数

SELECT ct.gwm_fid,

ct.name,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DISTANCE(ct.gwm_geometry,

comp.gwm_geometry,

0.5 /*,'unit=yard'*/) distance

FROM i_exch_s comp, l_interest_s ct

WHERE comp.gwm_fid = 52065726

AND SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE(ct.gwm_geometry,

comp.gwm_geometry,

'distance=50') = 'TRUE'

ORDER BY ct.gwm_fid;

对于三维的大地测量几何体，计算的距离通常是二维的距离

5、几何组合函数（sdo_Geom.）

A SDO_INTERSECTION B：返回A和B共有的区域。

A SDO_UNION B：返回A和B覆盖的区域的并。

A SDO_DIFFERENCE B：返回被A覆盖的但是不被B覆盖的区域。

A SDO_XOR B：返回A和Ｂ不相交的区域。这个函数与(A SDO_UNION B) SDO_DIFFERENCE (A SDO_INTERSECTION B)是等同的。

每一个函数都有如下语法：

SDO_<set_theory_fn>

(

Geometry_A IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

Geometry_B IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

Tolerance IN NUMBER

)

RETURNS SDO_GEOMETRY

Geometry_A 和Geometry_B是SDO_GEOMETRY对象(拥有相同的SRID)。

Tolerance是几何对象的容差值

注：

在Oracle 11g中，几何函数只适用于二维几何体。你不能对两个三维对象进行并操作

5.1 SDO_INTERSECTION

CREATE TABLE sales_intersection_zones AS

SELECT sra.gwm_fid id1,

srb.gwm_fid id2,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_INTERSECTION(sra.geom, srb.geom, 0.5) intsxn_geom

FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra

WHERE sra.gwm_fid <> srb.gwm_fid

AND SDO_RELATE(sra.geom, srb.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE';

5.2 SDO_UNION

SELECT count(*)

FROM (SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION(sra.geom, srb.geom, 0.5) geom

FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra

WHERE sra.gwm_fid = 50076211

and srb.gwm_fid = 50076218) srb,

i_exch_s sra

WHERE SDO_RELATE(sra.gwm_geometry, srb.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE';

CREATE TABLE sales_region_coverage (coverage SDO_GEOMETRY);

DECLARE

coverage SDO_GEOMETRY := NULL;

BEGIN

FOR g IN (SELECT geom FROM sales_regions) LOOP

coverage := SDO_GEOM.SDO_UNION(coverage, g.geom, 0.5);

END LOOP;

INSERT INTO sales_region_coverage values (coverage);

COMMIT;

END;

5.3 SDO_DIFFERENCE

SDO_DIFFERENCE函数是从第一个几何体中减去第二个几何体。结果，它返回的是只属于第一个几何体的区域。注意，它只有在以下情况下才有意义：

第一个和第二个几何体都必须有区域(也就是说，区域为多边形，多重多边形等)。

第二个几何体是一个多边形或者一条线并且第一个几何体是一条线。

第一个几何体是一个点。

如果这些条件不满足，SDO_DIFFERENCE操作的结果是返回第一个几何体。

--竞争对手区域2和销售区域6的SDO_DIFFERENCE操作

CREATE TABLE exclusive_region_for_comp_2 AS

SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE(b.geom, a.geom, 0.5) geom

FROM sales_regions sr, competitors_sales_regions csr

WHERE csr.id = 2

and sr.id = 6;

--在竞争对手的独属区域内确定客户

SELECT ct.id, ct.name

FROM exclusive_region_for_comp_2 excl, customers ct

WHERE SDO_RELATE(ct.location, excl.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE'

ORDER BY ct.id;

--将以上两个合并为一个

SELECT ct.id, ct.name

FROM sales_regions sr, competitors_sales_regions csr, customers ct

WHERE csr.id = 2

AND sr.id = 6

AND SDO_RELATE(ct.location,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_DIFFERENCE(csr.geom, sr.geom, 0.5),

'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE'

ORDER BY ct.id;

5.4 SDO_XOR

--不被共享的客户

SELECT count(*)

FROM (SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_XOR(a.geom, b.geom, 0.5) geom

FROM sales_regions srb, sales_regions sra

WHERE sra.id = 51

and srb.id = 43) srb,

customers sra

WHERE SDO_RELATE(sra.location, srb.geom, 'mask=anyinteract') = 'TRUE';

6、几何分析函数（sdo_Geom.）

二维的或者三维的几何体上使用这些函数。这些函数有如下的PL/SQL通用语法

Function_name

(

Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tolerance IN NUMBER

[, units_params IN VARCHAR2]

)

RETURN NUMBER

其中

Geometry表示将被分析的几何体。

Tolerance表示在这个分析中的容差。

units_params是可选的第三个参数，表示返回的面积、长度和体积的单位。这个参数的形式是'unit=<value_string>'。可以查看MDSYS.SDO_DIST_UNITS表的length函数和MDSYS.SDO_AREA_UNITS表的面积函数获得这些单位的可能取值

6.1 SDO_AREA

select name,sdo_geom.sdo_area(a.gwm_geometry,0.05) from p_region_area a;

6.2 SDO_LENGTH

此函数返回一条线的长度和多边形、平面和立方体的周长。对于点，这个函数返回0。

select name,sdo_geom.sdo_length(a.gwm_geometry,0.05) from p_region_area a;

6.3 SDO_VOLUME

如果输入的几何体是三维的立方体或者是多重立方体，那么这个函数将一个几何体和一个容差值作为参数并且返回体积。对所有其他的几何体类型，这个函数返回0。

7、MBR（最小边界矩形）函数 sdo_Geom.

7.1 SDO_MBR

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR(

geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY

[, dim IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY]

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

l SDO_MBR函数把SDO_GEOMETRY作为一个参数并且计算这个几何体的MBR。它返回的是一个SDO_GEOMETRY对象。

l 如果输入的是一个点，那么SDO_MBR函数返回的是一个点几何体。

l 如果输入的是一条平行于X或Y轴的线串，那么函数返回一个线性几何体。

否则，函数返回输入几何体的MBR，将它作为一个SDO_GEOMETRY对象。

l 对于一个输入的三维对象，SDO_MBR函数返回一个范围，也就是说，返回这个三

维几何体在三个维度上的最小值和最大值。

-- Return the minimum bounding rectangle of cola_d (a circle).

SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_MBR(c.shape, m.diminfo)

FROM cola_markets c, user_sdo_geom_metadata m

WHERE m.table_name = 'COLA_MARKETS'

AND m.column_name = 'SHAPE'

AND c.name = 'cola_d';

注:

SDO_AGGR_UNION, SDO_AGGR_CENTROID和SDO_CONVEXHULL这些函数只能在二维几何体上使用。

7.2SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE与 SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE

除了获得两个维数上的范围，有时你可能对获得指定的维数上的范围感兴趣。你可以通过SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE和SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE函数来获得指定的维数上的范围，这两个函数返回指定维数上几何体的最小和最大坐标值。

也可以在三维对象上使用这些函数。

SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 1) min_extent,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 1) max_extent

FROM sales_regions sr;

SELECT SDO_GEOM.SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 3) min_extent,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE(sr.geom, 3) max_extent

FROM sales_regions sr;

8、各种几何分析函数 sdo_Geom.

<Function_name>

(

Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

Tolerance IN NUMBER

)

RETURENS SDO_GEOMETRY

8.1 SDO_CONVEXHULL

--该函数可用于简化面的顶点（与原来的面仍保持近似）

select name,sdo_geom.sdo_convexhull(a.gwm_geometry,0.5) from p_region_area a;

在Oracle 11g中，SDO_CONVEXHULL函数只适用于二维的几何体

8.2 SDO_CENTROID

在Oracle 11g中，SDO_CENTROID函数只适用于二维的几何体

点返回的仍是一个点，线返回的是空值，面返回的是该面的质心。

8.3 SDO_POINTONSURFACE

既然一个多边形的质心有可能在也有可能不在这个多边形内，那么在几何体表面的其他点放置一个标签也可能是有用的。在创建多边形地图的一些类型时，这个也是必要的。你可以通过使用SDO_POINTONSURFACE函数来得到这样的点。

也可以在三维的几何体上使用这个函数。

SDO_POINTONSURFACE函数的唯一保证是返回的点在穿过的多边形的边界上或者内部(在目前的实现中，它实际返回的是多边形几何体的SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY中的第一个点)。

SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE(

geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim1 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SDO_GEOM.SDO_POINTONSURFACE(

geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tol IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

9、聚合函数非免费 sdo_Geom.

SDO_AGGR_MBR 可用于三维几何体；SDO_AGGR_UNION、SDO_AGGR_CENTROID和SDO_CONVEXHULL函数只适用于二维的几何体

9.1 聚合MBR函数（SDO_AGGR_MBR）

假设你想找到SDO_GEOMETRY对象集覆盖的范围(通常，在创建索引之前，需要使用这个信息来填充USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA视图)

9.2 SDO_AGGR_UNION

聚合函数SDO_AGGR_UNION计算几何体集合的并。并以SDO_GEOMETRY对象返回。

9.3 SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL

如果所有输入的几何体的所有顶点是共线的或者如果只有一个顶点(一个点)，那么SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL返回空值

9.4 SDO_AGGR_CENTROID

SDO_AGGR_CENTROID函数允许你计算客户任意组合的质心

10、SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY

SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY(

geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

params IN VARCHAR2

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY(

geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tol IN NUMBER

params IN VARCHAR2

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

-- Arc densification of the circle cola_d

SELECT c.name,

SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY(c.shape, m.diminfo, 'arc_tolerance=0.05')

FROM cola_markets c, user_sdo_geom_metadata m

WHERE m.table_name = 'COLA_MARKETS'

AND m.column_name = 'SHAPE'

AND c.name = 'cola_d';

10、验证函数（sdo_Geom.）

10.1 VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT(

Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

DimInfo IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY --该参数指定了维度（范围）和容差值的信息

) RETURN VARCHAR2;

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT(

Geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tolerance IN NUMBER

) RETURN VARCHAR2;

10.2 VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT

SDO_GEOM.VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT(

geom_table IN VARCHAR2, --验证的表

geom_column IN VARCHAR2, --验证的列

result_table IN VARCHAR2 --验证结果存放的表

[, commit_interval IN NUMBER]); --验证结果每隔多少个提交一次

二sdo_util包的函数

1、sdo_util.remove_duplicate_vertices

删除重复的顶点

SDO_UTIL.REMOVE_DUPLICATE_VERTICES

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tolerance IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

2、sdo_util.extract（只能提取二维）

SDO_UTIL.EXTRACT(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY, --提取的对象

element IN NUMBER --提取哪个元素

[, ring IN NUMBER] --环号，可选

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

3、sdo_util.append

在给定的容差值内，这个函数将两个输入的几何体合成为单个几何体。

SDO_UTIL.APPEND(

geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY

4、sdo_util.GetNumElem

获取元素的数目（即由几个元素组成）

SDO_UTIL.GETNUMELEM(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN NUMBER;

5、sdo_util.GetNumVertices

获取对象的顶点数目

SDO_UTIL.GETNUMVERTICES(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN NUMBER;

6、sdo_util.getvertices

SDO_UTIL.GETVERTICES(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN VERTEX_SET_TYPE;

7、SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON

返回一个圆

SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON(

center_longitude IN NUMBER,

center_latitude IN NUMBER,

radius IN NUMBER,

arc_tolerance IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SELECT SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON(-71.34937, 42.46101, 100, 5) FROM DUAL;

8、SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON

返回一个椭圆

SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON(

center_longitude IN NUMBER,

center_latitude IN NUMBER,

semi_major_axis IN NUMBER,

semi_minor_axis IN NUMBER,

azimuth IN NUMBER,

arc_tolerance IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SELECT SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON(-71.34937, 42.46101, 100, 50, 90, 5)FROM DUAL;

9、SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT

单位转换

SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT(

input_value IN NUMBER,

from_unit IN VARCHAR2,

to_unit IN VARCHAR2

) RETURN NUMBER;

SELECT SDO_UTIL.CONVERT_UNIT(1, 'Radian', 'Degree') FROM DUAL;

10、wkt、wkb与geometry互转与验证

Ø SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY

Ø SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY

Ø SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY

Ø SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY

Ø SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKBGEOMETRY

Ø SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKTGEOMETRY

DECLARE

wkbgeom BLOB;

wktgeom CLOB;

val_result VARCHAR2(5);

geom_result SDO_GEOMETRY;

geom SDO_GEOMETRY;

BEGIN

SELECT c.shape INTO geom FROM cola_markets c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';

-- To WBT/WKT geometry

wkbgeom := SDO_UTIL.TO_WKBGEOMETRY(geom);

wktgeom := SDO_UTIL.TO_WKTGEOMETRY(geom);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('To WKT geometry result = ' || TO_CHAR(wktgeom));

-- From WBT/WKT geometry

geom_result := SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKBGEOMETRY(wkbgeom);

geom_result := SDO_UTIL.FROM_WKTGEOMETRY(wktgeom);

-- Validate WBT/WKT geometry

val_result := SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKBGEOMETRY(wkbgeom);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('WKB validation result = ' || val_result);

val_result := SDO_UTIL.VALIDATE_WKTGEOMETRY(wktgeom);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('WKT validation result = ' || val_result);

END;

11、GML与GEOMETRY转换

SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY(

thegeom IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN CLOB;

SELECT TO_CHAR(SDO_UTIL.TO_GMLGEOMETRY(shape)) AS GmlGeometry

FROM COLA_MARKETS c

WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';

12、SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY

根据输入的阈值来简化输入的对象

SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

threshold IN NUMBER

tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 0.0000005

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SELECT SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY(

SDO_GEOMETRY(

3302, -- line string, 3 dimensions (X,Y,M), 3rd is linear ref. dimension

NULL,

SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1,2,1), -- one line string, straight segments

SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(

2,2,0, -- Starting point - Exit1; 0 is measure from start.

2,4,2, -- Exit2; 2 is measure from start.

8,4,8, -- Exit3; 8 is measure from start.

12,4,12, -- Exit4; 12 is measure from start.

12,10,NULL, -- Not an exit; measure automatically calculated and filled.

8,10,22, -- Exit5; 22 is measure from start.

5,14,27) -- Ending point (Exit6); 27 is measure from start.

6, -- threshold value for geometry simplification

0.5 -- tolerance

) FROM DUAL;

13、SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY

纠正有错误的对象并正确输出

SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tolerance IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SELECT SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY(shape, 0.005)

FROM COLA_MARKETS c WHERE c.name = 'cola_b';

14、SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS与SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS

在不同的Oracle数据库之间传输数据可通过表空间。而为了保证表空间上的表的空间索引也被传输，需要执行这些函数SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS（在传输表空间前执行）与SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS（在表空间导出后执行）

例子：创建一个dmp文件，从一个源数据库中传输表空间tbs。

首先：从一个源数据库中传输表空间tbs

Sqlplus spatial/ spatial

Execute SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS(‘TBS’)

Connect system/manager as sysdba

Execute dbms_tts.transport_set_check(‘TBS’,true);

Alter tablespace TBS read only;

Exit;

Exp spatial/ spatial transport_ tablespace=y tablespaces=TBS file=trans_ts.dmp

然后导入

ixp spatial/ spatial transport_ tablespace=y file=trans_ts.dmp datafiles=’sdo_tts.dbf’ tablespaces=tbs

Sqlplus sys/password

Alter tablespace TBS read write;

Connect spatial/ spatial;

Exec SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS

15、sdo_util.extract3d

提取三维对象的元素

16、sdo_util.sdo_concat_lines

连接两个线串

SDO_UTIL.CONCAT_LINES(

geom1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

geom2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

17、sdo_util.sdo_reverse_linestring

倒转一条线串中的顶点的顺序

SDO_UTIL.REVERSE_LINESTRING(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

18、sdo_util.sdo_polygontoline

将多边形转换为线串几何体

SDO_UTIL.POLYGONTOLINE(

geometry IN SDO_GEOMETRY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

15到18非免费

三 sdo_lrs包

Subprograms for Creating and Editing Geometric Segments

1、SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT（过程）

语法：

SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY

[, start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER]);

SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

[, start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER]);

功能：根据起始点和终止点测量值计算出没有测量的点

例子：

-- Test the LRS procedures.

DECLARE

geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;

line_string SDO_GEOMETRY;

dim_array SDO_DIM_ARRAY;

result_geom_1 SDO_GEOMETRY;

result_geom_2 SDO_GEOMETRY;

result_geom_3 SDO_GEOMETRY;

BEGIN

SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a

WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';

SELECT m.diminfo into dim_array from

user_sdo_geom_metadata m

WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES' AND m.column_name = 'ROUTE_GEOMETRY';

-- Define the LRS segment for Route1. This will populate any null measures.

-- No need to specify start and end measures, because they are already defined in the geometry.

SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT (geom_segment, dim_array);

SELECT a.route_geometry INTO line_string FROM lrs_routes a

WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';

-- Split Route1 into two segments.

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT(line_string,dim_array,5,result_geom_1,result_geom_2);

-- Concatenate the segments that were just split.

result_geom_3 := SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS(result_geom_1, dim_array,

result_geom_2, dim_array);

-- Update and insert geometries into table, to display later.

UPDATE lrs_routes a SET a.route_geometry = geom_segment

WHERE a.route_id = 1;

INSERT INTO lrs_routes VALUES(

11,

'result_geom_1',

result_geom_1

);

INSERT INTO lrs_routes VALUES(

12,

'result_geom_2',

result_geom_2

);

INSERT INTO lrs_routes VALUES(

13,

'result_geom_3',

result_geom_3

);

END;

2、SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT（过程）

语法：

SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY

[, start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER]);

SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

[, start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER]);

功能：重新定义几何体（可进行单位转换）

例子：

-- Redefine geometric segment to "convert" miles to kilometers

DECLARE

geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;

dim_array SDO_DIM_ARRAY;

BEGIN

SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';

SELECT m.diminfo into dim_array from user_sdo_geom_metadata m WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES' AND m.column_name ='ROUTE_GEOMETRY';

-- "Convert" mile measures to kilometers (27 * 1.609 = 43.443).

SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT (geom_segment,

dim_array,

0, -- Zero starting measure: LRS segment starts at start of route.

43.443); -- End of LRS segment. 27 miles = 43.443 kilometers.

-- Update and insert geometries into table, to display later.

UPDATE lrs_routes a SET a.route_geometry = geom_segment WHERE a.route_id = 1;

END;

3、SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT

语法：

SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER,

tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

功能：截取指定的一段

例子：

-- Clip a piece of Route1.

SELECT SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT(route_geometry, 5, 10) FROM lrs_routes WHERE route_id = 1;

4、SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT

语法：

SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER,

tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

用法与SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT一样

5、 SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS

语法：

SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS(

geom_segment_1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

geom_segment_2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS(

geom_segment_1 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array_1 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

geom_segment_2 IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array_2 IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

功能:连接线串，例子见1

6、SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT

语法：

SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER,

offset IN NUMBER,

tolerance IN NUMBER DEFAULT 1.0e-8

[, unit IN VARCHAR2]

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

start_measure IN NUMBER,

end_measure IN NUMBER,

offset IN NUMBER

[, unit IN VARCHAR2]

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

功能：指定的线段内进行偏移

例子：

SELECT SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT(a.route_geometry, m.diminfo, 5, 10, 2)

FROM lrs_routes a, user_sdo_geom_metadata m

WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES'

AND m.column_name = 'ROUTE_GEOMETRY'

AND a.route_id = 1;

7、SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT（过程）

语法：

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

split_measure IN NUMBER,

segment_1 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

segment_2 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY);

SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT(

geom_segment IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

split_measure IN NUMBER,

segment_1 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

segment_2 OUT SDO_GEOMETRY);

功能：将一个几何体分为两个

例子见1

8、SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE（过程）

语法：

SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY

[, dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY]);

功能：将起始点到终止点的测量值都清空

例子：

-- Reset geometric segment measures.

DECLARE

geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;

BEGIN

SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a

WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';

SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE (geom_segment);

-- Update and insert geometries into table, to display later.

UPDATE lrs_routes a SET a.route_geometry = geom_segment

WHERE a.route_id = 1;

END;

9、SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE

语法：

SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

point IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;

SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(

geom_segment IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

point IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

pt_dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;

SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(

point IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;

SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE(

point IN OUT SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim_array IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY,

measure IN NUMBER) RETURN VARCHAR2;

功能:将测量值设为一个特定的点

-- Set the measure value of point 8,10 to 20 (originally 22).

DECLARE

geom_segment SDO_GEOMETRY;

dim_array SDO_DIM_ARRAY;

result VARCHAR2(32);

BEGIN

SELECT a.route_geometry into geom_segment FROM lrs_routes a

WHERE a.route_name = 'Route1';

SELECT m.diminfo into dim_array from

user_sdo_geom_metadata m

WHERE m.table_name = 'LRS_ROUTES' AND m.column_name = 'ROUTE_GEOMETRY';

-- Set the measure value of point 8,10 to 20 (originally 22).

result := SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE (geom_segment,

SDO_GEOMETRY(3301, NULL, NULL,

SDO_ELEM_INFO_ARRAY(1, 1, 1),

SDO_ORDINATE_ARRAY(8, 10, 22)),

20);

-- Display the result.

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Returned value = ' || result);

END;

10、SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE

11、SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE

12、SDO_LRS.REVERSE_GEOMETRY

Subprograms for Querying and Validating Geometric Segments

13、SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT

14、SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT

15、SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE

16、SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS

17、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH

18、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT

19、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT

20、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE

21、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE

22、SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE

23、SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT

24、SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

25、SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT

26、SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

27、SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED

28、SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_DECREASING

29、SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_INCREASING

30、SDO_LRS.IS_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

31、SDO_LRS.MEASURE_RANGE

32、SDO_LRS.MEASURE_TO_PERCENTAGE

33、SDO_LRS.PERCENTAGE_TO_MEASURE

34、SDO_LRS.LOCATE_PT

35、SDO_LRS.PROJECT_PT

36、SDO_LRS.FIND_LRS_DIM_POS

37、SDO_LRS.FIND_MEASURE

38、SDO_LRS.FIND_OFFSET

39、SDO_LRS.VALIDATE_LRS_GEOMETRY

Subprograms for Converting Geometric Segments

40、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_DIM_ARRAY

41、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_GEOM

42、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_LRS_LAYER

43、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_DIM_ARRAY

44、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_GEOM

45、SDO_LRS.CONVERT_TO_STD_LAYER

四、SDO_MIGRATE包

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT

Format (Any Object-Relational Model Implementation to Current)

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(

tabname IN VARCHAR2

[, column_name IN VARCHAR2]);

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(

tabname IN VARCHAR2,

column_name IN VARCHAR2

[, commit_int IN NUMBER]);

Format (Single Object-Relational Model Geometry to Current)

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(

geom IN SDO_GEOMETRY,

dim IN SDO_DIM_ARRAY

) RETURN SDO_GEOMETRY;

Format (Any Relational Model Implementation to Current)

SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT(

layer IN VARCHAR2,

newtabname IN VARCHAR2,

gidcolumn IN VARCHAR2,

geocolname IN VARCHAR2,

layer_gtype IN VARCHAR2,

updateflag IN VARCHAR2);

EXECUTE SDO_MIGRATE.TO_CURRENT('ROADS');

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/love540376/p/5252795.html

posted on 2019-05-15 13:47 mol1995 阅读(903) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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mol1995

OracleSpatial函数

Oracle_spatial的函数

一sdo_Geom包的函数：

1、sdo_Geom.Relate

2、SDO_GEOM. WITHIN_DISTANCE

3、sdo_Geom.SDO_BUFFER

4、sdo_Geom.SDO_DISTANCE

5、几何组合函数（sdo_Geom.）

5.1 SDO_INTERSECTION

5.2 SDO_UNION

5.3 SDO_DIFFERENCE

5.4 SDO_XOR

6、几何分析函数（sdo_Geom.）

6.1 SDO_AREA

6.2 SDO_LENGTH

6.3 SDO_VOLUME

7、MBR（最小边界矩形） 函数 sdo_Geom.

7.1 SDO_MBR

7.2SDO_MIN_MBR_ORDINATE与 SDO_MAX_MBR_ORDINATE

8、各种几何分析函数 sdo_Geom.

8.1 SDO_CONVEXHULL

8.2 SDO_CENTROID

8.3 SDO_POINTONSURFACE

9、聚合函数 非免费 sdo_Geom.

9.1 聚合MBR函数（SDO_AGGR_MBR）

9.2 SDO_AGGR_UNION

9.3 SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL

9.4 SDO_AGGR_CENTROID

10、SDO_GEOM.SDO_ARC_DENSIFY

10、验证函数（sdo_Geom.）

10.1 VALIDATE_GEOMETRY_WITH_CONTEXT

10.2 VALIDATE_LAYER_WITH_CONTEXT

二sdo_util包的函数

1、sdo_util.remove_duplicate_vertices

2、sdo_util.extract（只能提取二维）

3、sdo_util.append

4、sdo_util.GetNumElem

5、sdo_util.GetNumVertices

6、sdo_util.getvertices

7、SDO_UTIL.CIRCLE_POLYGON

8、SDO_UTIL.ELLIPSE_POLYGON

10、wkt、wkb与geometry互转与验证

11、GML与GEOMETRY转换

12、SDO_UTIL.SIMPLIFY

13、SDO_UTIL.RECTIFY_GEOMETRY

14、SDO_UTIL.PREPARE_FOR_TTS与SDO_UTIL.INITIALIZE_INDEXES_FOR_TTS

15、sdo_util.extract3d

16、sdo_util.sdo_concat_lines

17、sdo_util.sdo_reverse_linestring

18、sdo_util.sdo_polygontoline

三 sdo_lrs包

1、SDO_LRS.DEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT（过程）

2、SDO_LRS.REDEFINE_GEOM_SEGMENT（过程）

3、SDO_LRS.CLIP_GEOM_SEGMENT

4、SDO_LRS.DYNAMIC_SEGMENT

5、 SDO_LRS.CONCATENATE_GEOM_SEGMENTS

6、SDO_LRS.OFFSET_GEOM_SEGMENT

7、SDO_LRS.SPLIT_GEOM_SEGMENT（过程）

8、SDO_LRS.RESET_MEASURE（过程）

9、SDO_LRS.SET_PT_MEASURE

10、SDO_LRS.REVERSE_MEASURE

11、SDO_LRS.TRANSLATE_MEASURE

12、SDO_LRS.REVERSE_GEOMETRY

13、SDO_LRS.VALID_GEOM_SEGMENT

14、SDO_LRS.VALID_LRS_PT

15、SDO_LRS.VALID_MEASURE

16、SDO_LRS.CONNECTED_GEOM_SEGMENTS

17、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_LENGTH

18、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_PT

19、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_PT

20、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_START_MEASURE

21、SDO_LRS.GEOM_SEGMENT_END_MEASURE

22、SDO_LRS.GET_MEASURE

23、SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT

24、SDO_LRS.GET_NEXT_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

25、SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT

26、SDO_LRS.GET_PREV_SHAPE_PT_MEASURE

27、SDO_LRS.IS_GEOM_SEGMENT_DEFINED

28、SDO_LRS.IS_MEASURE_DECREASING

7、MBR（最小边界矩形）函数 sdo_Geom.

9、聚合函数非免费 sdo_Geom.