【转】Java四种线程池的使用

Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。
newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。

 

(1) newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程。示例代码如下:

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   try {  
    Thread.sleep(index * 1000);  
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
    e.printStackTrace();  
   }  
   cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     System.out.println(index);  
    }  
   });  
  }  
 }  
} 

线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。
 
(2) newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待。示例代码如下:

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);  
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     try {  
      System.out.println(index);  
      Thread.sleep(2000);  
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
      e.printStackTrace();  
     }  
    }  
   });  
  }  
 }  
} 

因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出index后sleep 2秒,所以每两秒打印3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

 

(3)  newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {  
   public void run() {  
    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");  
   }  
  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
 }  
} 

表示延迟3秒执行。

定期执行示例代码如下:

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  
  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {  
   public void run() {  
    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");  
   }  
  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);  
 }  
}  

表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。

 

(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。示例代码如下:

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();  
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     try {  
      System.out.println(index);  
      Thread.sleep(2000);  
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
      e.printStackTrace();  
     }  
    }  
   });  
  }  
 }  
}  

结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。

你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量,运行一个不终止的线程,创建指定量的线程,来观察:
工具目录:C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
运行程序做稍微修改:

package test;  
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;  
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;  
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {  
 public static void main(String[] args) {  
  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  
  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {  
   final int index = i;  
   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {  
    public void run() {  
     try {  
      while(true) {  
       System.out.println(index);  
       Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);  
      }  
     } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
      e.printStackTrace();  
     }  
    }  
   });  
   try {  
    Thread.sleep(500);  
   } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
    e.printStackTrace();  
   }  
  }  
 }  
}  

效果如下:

 

选择我们运行的程序:

监控运行状态

 

原文地址:http://cuisuqiang.iteye.com/blog/2019372

posted @ 2018-10-08 16:03  魔豆  阅读(124)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报