使用Selenium反爬(美团)

美团的反爬机制是非常完善的，在用selenium登陆淘宝的时候发现美团能检测到并弹出滑块，然后无论怎么滑动都通过不了，在经过一番搜索后发现很多网站对selenium都有检测机制，如检测是否存在特有标识 。接下来我们简单分享下使用代理访问美团进行数据采集。

示例如下：

 

# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
import time
import re
from datetime import date, timedelta
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
TB_LOGIN_URL = 'https://meituan.com'
CHROME_DRIVER = '/usr/local/bin/chromedriver'    # Windows和Mac的配置路径不一样
class SessionException(Exception):
    """
    会话异常类
    """
    def __init__(self, message):
        super().__init__(self)
        self.message = message
    def __str__(self):
        return self.message
class Crawler:
    def __init__(self):
        self.browser = None
    def start(self, username, password):
        print("初始化浏览器")
        self.__init_browser()
        print("切换至密码输入框")
        self.__switch_to_password_mode()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        print("输入用户名")
        self.__write_username(username)
        time.sleep(2.5)
        print("输入密码")
        self.__write_password(password)
        time.sleep(3.5)
        print("程序模拟解锁")
        if self.__lock_exist():
            self.__unlock()
        print("开始发起登录请求")
        self.__submit()
        time.sleep(4.5)
        # 登录成功，直接请求页面
        print("登录成功，跳转至目标页面")
        self.__navigate_to_target_page()
        time.sleep(6.5)
        print("解析页面文本")
        crawler_list = self.__parse_page_content();
        # 连接数据库并保存数据
        print("保存数据到mysql数据库")
        self.__save_list_to_db(crawler_list)
    def __switch_to_password_mode(self):
        """
        切换到密码模式
        :return:
        """
        if self.browser.find_element_by_id('J_QRCodeLogin').is_displayed():
            self.browser.find_element_by_id('J_Quick2Static').click()
    def __write_username(self, username):
        """
        输入账号
        :param username:
        :return:
        """
        username_input_element = self.browser.find_element_by_id('TPL_username_1')
        username_input_element.clear()
        username_input_element.send_keys(username)
    def __write_password(self, password):
        """
        输入密码
        :param password:
        :return:
        """
        password_input_element = self.browser.find_element_by_id("TPL_password_1")
        password_input_element.clear()
        password_input_element.send_keys(password)
    def __lock_exist(self):
        """
        判断是否存在滑动验证
        :return:
        """
        return self.__is_element_exist('#nc_1_wrapper') and self.browser.find_element_by_id(
            'nc_1_wrapper').is_displayed()
    def __unlock(self):
        """
        执行滑动解锁
        :return:
        """
        bar_element = self.browser.find_element_by_id('nc_1_n1z')
        ActionChains(self.browser).drag_and_drop_by_offset(bar_element, 800, 0).perform()
        time.sleep(1.5)
        self.browser.get_screenshot_as_file('error.png')
        if self.__is_element_exist('.errloading > span'):
            error_message_element = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.errloading > span')
            error_message = error_message_element.text
            self.browser.execute_script('noCaptcha.reset(1)')
            raise SessionException('滑动验证失败, message = ' + error_message)
    def __submit(self):
        """
        提交登录
        :return:
        """
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('J_SubmitStatic').click()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        if self.__is_element_exist("#J_Message"):
            error_message_element = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#J_Message > p')
            error_message = error_message_element.text
            raise SessionException('登录出错, message = ' + error_message)
    #跳转至目标页面
    def __navigate_to_target_page(self):
        pass
    # 解析网页数据
    def __parse_page_content(self):
        pass
    #保存数据
    def __save_list_to_db(self, crawler_list):
        pass
    def __init_browser(self):
        """
        初始化selenium浏览器
        :return:
        """
        options = Options()
        # options.add_argument("--headless")
        prefs = {"profile.managed_default_content_settings.images": 1}
        options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
        options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://127.0.0.1:9000')
        options.add_argument('disable-infobars')
        options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=CHROME_DRIVER, options=options)
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(3)
        self.browser.maximize_window()
        self.browser.get(TB_LOGIN_URL)
#执行命令行
Crawler().start('username'), 'password'))