Android studio AlertDialog(对话框)详解
1.基本使用流程
- Step 1：创建AlertDialog.Builder对象；
- Step 2：调用setIcon()设置图标，setTitle()或setCustomTitle()设置标题；
- Step 3：设置对话框的内容：setMessage()还有其他方法来指定显示的内容；
- Step 4：调用setPositive/Negative/NeutralButton()设置：确定，取消，中立按钮；
- Step 5：调用create()方法创建这个对象，再调用show()方法将对话框显示出来；
2.几种常用的对话框使用示例
运行效果图：
核心代码：
MainActivity.java：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener { private Button btn_dialog_one; private Button btn_dialog_two; private Button btn_dialog_three; private Button btn_dialog_four; private Context mContext; private boolean[] checkItems; private AlertDialog alert = null; private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mContext = MainActivity.this; bindView(); } private void bindView() { btn_dialog_one = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_one); btn_dialog_two = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_two); btn_dialog_three = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_three); btn_dialog_four = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_dialog_four); btn_dialog_one.setOnClickListener(this); btn_dialog_two.setOnClickListener(this); btn_dialog_three.setOnClickListener(this); btn_dialog_four.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { //普通对话框 case R.id.btn_dialog_one: alert = null; builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext); alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish) .setTitle("系统提示：") .setMessage("这是一个最普通的AlertDialog,\n带有三个按钮，分别是取消，中立和确定") .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了取消按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了确定按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }) .setNeutralButton("中立", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(mContext, "你点击了中立按钮~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }).create(); //创建AlertDialog对象 alert.show(); //显示对话框 break; //普通列表对话框 case R.id.btn_dialog_two: final String[] lesson = new String[]{"语文", "数学", "英语", "化学", "生物", "物理", "体育"}; alert = null; builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext); alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish).setTitle("选择你喜欢的课程").setItems(lesson,newDialogInterface.OnClickListener(){@Overridepublicvoid onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which){Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"你选择了"+ lesson[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}).create(); alert.show();break;//单选列表对话框case R.id.btn_dialog_three:finalString[] fruits =newString[]{"苹果","雪梨","香蕉","葡萄","西瓜"}; alert =null; builder =newAlertDialog.Builder(mContext); alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish).setTitle("选择你喜欢的水果，只能选一个哦~").setSingleChoiceItems(fruits,0,newDialogInterface.OnClickListener(){@Overridepublicvoid onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which){Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"你选择了"+ fruits[which],Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}).create(); alert.show();break;//多选列表对话框case R.id.btn_dialog_four:finalString[] menu =newString[]{"水煮豆腐","萝卜牛腩","酱油鸡","胡椒猪肚鸡"};//定义一个用来记录个列表项状态的boolean数组 checkItems =newboolean[]{false,false,false,false}; alert =null; builder =newAlertDialog.Builder(mContext); alert = builder.setIcon(R.mipmap.ic_icon_fish).setMultiChoiceItems(menu, checkItems,newDialogInterface.OnMultiChoiceClickListener(){@Overridepublicvoid onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which,boolean isChecked){ checkItems[which]= isChecked;}}).setPositiveButton("确定",newDialogInterface.OnClickListener(){@Overridepublicvoid onClick(DialogInterface dialog,int which){String result ="";for(int i =0; i < checkItems.length; i++){if(checkItems[i]) result += menu[i]+" ";}Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),"客官你点了:"+ result,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();}}).create(); alert.show();break;}}}
布局就是四个简单的按钮，这里就不贴出来了，用法非常简单~无非就是创建一个Builder对象后， 进行相关设置，然后create()生成一个AlertDialog对象，最后调用show()方法将AlertDialog 显示出来而已！另外，细心的你可能发现我们点击对话框的外部区域，对话框就会消失，我们 可以为builder设置setCancelable(false)即可解决这个问题！
3.通过Builder的setView()定制显示的AlertDialog
我们可以自定义一个与系统对话框不同的布局，然后调用setView()将我们的布局加载到 AlertDialog上，上面我们来实现这个效果：
关键代码：
首先是两种不同按钮的selctor的drawable文件：
btn_selctor_exit.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@mipmap/iv_icon_exit_pressed"/> <item android:drawable="@mipmap/iv_icon_exit_normal"/> </selector>
btn_selctor_choose.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <item android:state_pressed="true" android:drawable="@mipmap/bg_btn_pressed"/> <item android:drawable="@mipmap/bg_btn_normal"/> </selector>
接着是自定义的Dialog布局：view_dialog_custom.xml：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/RelativeLayout1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical"> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/titlelayout" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:background="#53CC66" android:padding="5dp"> <TextView android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:text="提示信息" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="18sp" android:textStyle="bold" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_cancle" android:layout_width="30dp" android:layout_height="30dp" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_exit" /> </RelativeLayout> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/ly_detail" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentLeft="true" android:layout_below="@+id/titlelayout" android:layout_centerInParent="true" android:orientation="vertical"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" android:layout_marginTop="20dp" android:text="通过setView()方法定制AlertDialog" android:textColor="#04AEDA" android:textSize="18sp" /> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:text="作者:Coder-pig" android:textColor="#04AEDA" android:textSize="18sp" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@+id/ly_detail" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:orientation="horizontal"> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_blog" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_margin="5dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose" android:text="访问博客" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="20sp" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_close" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_margin="5dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor_choose" android:text="关闭" android:textColor="#ffffff" android:textSize="20sp" /> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout>
最后是MainActivity.java：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private Button btn_show;
private View view_custom;
private Context mContext;
private AlertDialog alert = null;
private AlertDialog.Builder builder = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mContext = MainActivity.this;
btn_show = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_show);
//初始化Builder
builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(mContext);
//加载自定义的那个View,同时设置下
final LayoutInflater inflater = MainActivity.this.getLayoutInflater();
view_custom = inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_dialog_custom, null,false);
builder.setView(view_custom);
builder.setCancelable(false);
alert = builder.create();
view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_cancle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert.dismiss();
}
});
view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_blog).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "访问博客", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://blog.csdn.net/coder_pig");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
startActivity(intent);
alert.dismiss();
}
});
view_custom.findViewById(R.id.btn_close).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "对话框已关闭~", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
alert.dismiss();
}
});
btn_show.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
alert.show();
}
});
}
}
