英语连读之坑
最近一直在做托福听写，经常被各种神奇连读坑到......特分享此文～
原文请见：http://csbabel.wordpress.com/
你会正确地读以下单词么：feel, fool, heal, wheel, ...
你会正确地读以下词组 么：I am, s/he is, I always, too often, ...
如果你不会正确发音，那么你需要学习 连读规则；如果你能够正确发音，但不知道原因，那你更需要学习连读规则——
今天，我就模仿赵老湿，来讲一讲英语口语中的连读。
“连读”在英语中叫Word Connections，借用法语的词汇时叫Liaison，读音为[li'eizn]——在这里要多说一句：从法语中借来的词读音一般都比较怪，一定要先查字典再去读它，免得搞错，比如debut['deibju:]
连读的意义
连读是语调中非常重要的一个组成要素。而语调是让别人更好听懂、更好理解的重要途径——语调的正确，比发音的准确还要重要。因为语调涉及的内容太多，而且很难用文字来描述，所以在这里只讲连读。
可能有人会认为连读会造成别人的理解困难，他们认为：还是把单词一个挨一个地读清楚更容易听明白。虽然这种说法明显是错误的，但是在这里我也不想浪费文字去反驳，读者们请自行决定是否要阅读或者离开。
一个例子
这里是一个连读的例子。在这个例子里，不仅仅有连读的存在，还包含发音的一些变化，请仔细分辨：
书写英语：They tell me that I’m easier to understand.
口语连读：theytellme thedaimeasier der-undersdand
连读的分类
英语中的连读主要有四种：
1）辅音+元音的连读（Consonant + Vowel）
2）辅音+辅音的连读
3）元音+元音的连读
4）T, D, S 或 Z + Y的连读
1. 辅音+元音的连读
一般来说中国人比较熟悉这种连读——前一个词由辅音结尾，后一个词由元音开头，于是就很自然地连起来了，比如：
| My name is&helli p; | [my nay•miz] |
| because I’ve. | [b'k'zäiv] |
| pick up on the American intonation… | [pi•kə pan the(y) əmer'kə ninətənashən] |
不只是句子中，读字母缩写也可以连读：
| LA | [eh•Lay] |
读数字时也可以连读：
| 902 5050 | [nai•no•too fai•vo•fai•vo] |
再来几个简单例子：
| hold on | [hol don] |
| turn over | [tur nover] |
| tell her I miss her | [teller I misser] |
因为这种连读一般初中生都会，在这里就不详细介绍了，重头戏在后面，马上开演。
2. 辅音+辅音的连读
这个很难用文字描述，放到最后再讲。
3. 元音+元音的连读
如果前一个词是由元音[u]结尾，下一个词由元音开头，那么，在[u]后面加上一个辅音[w]
如果前一个词是由元音[i]结尾，下一个词由元音开头，那么，在[i]后面加上一个辅音[y]
只说规则似乎有点不好理解，看例子就明白了。
| Go away. | [Go(w)away] |
在电影Big Fish中，巨人Carl说过这句话。因为巨人说话又慢又重，所以那个w很明显。
再来看一个例子：
| I also need the other one. | [I(y)also need thee(y)other one] |
这种连读不能把辅音w或者j发得太重，否则会显得很傻，但是不发这两个辅音的话又会很难念得顺口。
| go anywhere | [go(w)anywhere] |
| so honest | [so(w)honest] |
| through our | [through(w)our] |
| you are | [you(w)are] |
| he is | [he(y)is] |
| do I? | [do(w)I?] |
| I asked | [I(y)asked] |
| to open | [to(w)open] |
| she always | [she(y)always] |
| too often | [too(w)often] |
4. T, D, S 或 Z + Y的连读
如果前面的单词是以T/D/S/Z结尾，后面的单词是以Y开头（一般是you这个词），那么有如下的连读规则可以使用。
4.1. T + Y = CH
| What’s your name? | [wəcher name] |
| Can’t you do it? | [kænt chew do(w)it] |
| Actually | [æk·chully] |
| Don’t you like it? | [dont chew lye kit] |
| Wouldn’t you? | [wooden chew] |
| Haven’t you? | [hæven chew] |
| No, not yet. | [nou, nä chet] |
| I’ll let you know. | [I'll letcha know] |
| Can I get you a drink? | [k'näi getchewə drink] |
| We thought you weren’t coming. | [we thä chew wrnt kəming] |
| I’ll bet you ten bucks he forgot. | [æl betcha ten buxee frgät] |
| Is that your final answer? | [is thæchr fin'læn sr] |
| natural | [næchrəl] |
| perpetual | [perpechə(w)əl] |
| virtual | [vrchə(w)əl] |
4.2. D + Y = J
| Did you see it? | [didjə see(y)it] |
| How did you like it? | [hæo•jə lye kit] |
| Could you tell? | [küjə tell] |
| Where did you send your check? | [wεrjə senjer check] |
| What did your family think? | [wəjer fæmlee think] |
| Did you find your keys? | [didjə fine jer keez] |
| We followed your instructions. | [we fallow jerin strəctionz] |
| Congratulations! | [k'ngræj'lationz] |
| education | [edjə·cation] |
| individual | [indəvijə(w)əl] |
| graduation | [græjə(w)ation] |
| gradual | [græjə(w)əl] |
4.3. S + Y = SH
| Yes, you are. | [yeshu are] |
| Insurance | [inshurance] |
| Bless you! | [blesshue] |
| Press your hands together. | [pressure hanz d'gethr] |
| Can you dress yourself? | [c 'new dreshier self] |
| You can pass your exams this year. | [yuk'n pæsher egzæmz thisheer] |
| I’ll try to guess your age. | [æl trydə geshierage] |
| Let him gas your car for you. | [leddim gæshier cär fr you] |
4.4. Z + Y = ZH
| How’s your family? | [hæozhier fæmlee] |
| How was your trip? | [hæo·wəzhier trip] |
| Who’s your friend? | [hoozhier frend] |
| Where’s your mom? | [wεrzh'r mäm] |
| When’s your birthday? | [wεnzh'r brthday] |
| She says you’re OK. | [she sεzhierou kay] |
| Who does your hair? | [hoo dəzhier hεr] |
| casual | [kæ·zhyə(w)əl] |
| visual | [vi·zhyə(w)əl] |
| usual | [yu•zhyə(w)əl] |
| version | [vrzh'n] |
| vision | [vizh'n] |
附录: 音节省略和连读放在一起
| I have got to go. | I’ve gotta go. |
| I have got a book. | I’ve gotta book. |
| Do you want to dance? | Wanna dance? |
| Do you want a banana? | Wanna banana? |
| Let me in. | Lemme in. |
| Let me go. | Lemme go. |
| I’ll let you know. | I’ll letcha know. |
| Did you do it? | Dija do it? |
| Not yet. | Nä chet. |
| I’ll meet you later. | I’ll meechu layder. |
| What do you think? | Whaddyu think? |
| What did you do with it? | Whajoo do with it? |
| How did you like it? | Howja like it? |
| When did you get it? | When ju geddit? |
| Why did you take it? | Whyju tay kit? |
| Why don’t you try it? | Why don chu try it? |
| What are you waiting for? | Whaddya waitin’ for? |
| What are you doing? | Whatcha doin’? |
| How is it going? | Howzit going? |
| Where’s the what-you-may-call-it? | Where’s the whatchamacallit? |
| Where’s what-is-his-name? | Where’s whatsizname? |
| How about it? | How ’bout it? |
| He has got to hurry because he is late. | He’s gotta hurry ‘cuz he’s late. |
| I could’ve been a contender. | I coulda bina contender. |
| Could you speed it up, please? | Couldjoo spee di dup, pleez? |
| Would you mind if I tried it? | Would joo mindifai try dit? |
| Aren’t you Bob Barker? | Arnchoo Bab Barker? |
| Can’t you see it my way for a change? | Kænchoo see it my way for achange? |
| Don’t you get it? | Doancha geddit? |
| I should have told you. | I shoulda toljoo. |
| Tell her (that) I miss her. | Teller I misser. |
| Tell him (that) I miss him. | Tellim I missim. |
| Did you eat? | Jeet? |
| No, did you? | No, joo? |
| Why don’t you get a job? | Whyncha getta job? |
| I don’t know, it’s too hard. | I dunno, stoo härd. |
| Could we go? | Kwee gou? |
| Let’s go! | Sko! |
最后的话
可能有人会觉得奇怪，为什么在附录之后还有一段。嗯，就像电影在片尾字幕结束后的隐藏镜头一样，这一段是要用来揭密的：本文中的所有内容，包括规则和例子，都来自于ATT——《American Accent Training》这本书，Amazon上的网址是：http://www.amazon.com/American-Accent-Training- Speaking-Pronouncing/dp/0764114298/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books& qid=1251888224&sr=8-2。故而，所有的荣光属于原作者Ann Cook女士。另外，关于辅音和辅音的连读，恕我不能用简短的文字描述清楚，请自行参考原书（和CD）。
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三言两语：PO主之前在cnblog首页看到一篇编辑推荐的文章“谈谈程序员学习英文”（作者Esfog）甚为认同。摘录一下精髓～
我为什么认为程序员应该学好英语 1.最先进的IT技术网网被国外掌握着，老外的技术专家和公司们很爱写书分享知识，中国的绝大多数程序员是不喜欢写作的。不可能去等别人翻译给你，一般的大部头的书不等上一两年是不会出中文版的，更别提一些不是特别大众化的书籍,就比如说Ogre的很多书可能N年后都不会出中文版，所以说要想了解最新的技术，就要自己去读。 2.中国的译者很多都是学院派的，良莠不齐，往往自己掌握的只是一知半解就赶去翻译东西，如果是只是分享是可以鼓励的，但是拿出来出版简直是害人不浅啊。当然国内也有很多好的译者，比如高博。所以为了避免被一些二把刀译者坑还是自己去看吧。 3.很多东西你在百度是搜不到的，特别是一些比较偏的偏的问题，就比如一些Unity相关的知识点，国内的人还是不太爱写东西，不太爱分享，自己会了也就会了，再去看看老外的论坛,随便Google一下就是一大堆啊，学好英文你才可以去看他们的讨论，甚至去提问，去参与。 4.再有一点来说，如果你是一个将技术作为自己的发展方向的，那么无疑外企的土壤更适合你的发展，但是机会是有限的，很多程序员都败在了英语这一关，他们就永远的和外企说再见了，或者即使去了外企由于英文不好甚至只是口语不好，就得不到升迁甚至错失出国的机会。 5.作为一个中国人，一个程序员，我觉得我们有义务让老外了解我们，了解中国，了解中国的程序员，勇敢的去外国论坛提问，发意见，去回答他们的问题。甚至是去写书。去翻译书。把更好的知识带进中国。
