Linux安装mysql

前言：这个博客还是我去年大四实习的时候开通的，本来打算记录一些学习和工作上遇到的问题，但是人太懒了，开通之后，就一直空着。不知不觉已经毕业快一年了，也参加工作了，现在打算抽空记录一些和java相关的知识点，希望能坚持下去，不要半途而废。

 

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1oBUNKcaunmDtTObzwOVvfw 

提取码：1wxn

官网下载：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

1：上传mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz安装包到/usr/local目录下

2：cd/usr/local 进入local目录

　  ls查看local目录下的文件

[root@myLinux local]# ls
aegis  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysoft  mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  sbin  share  src

3：tar -xvf mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  解压我们上传的mysql安装包

[root@myLinux local]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/
mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamlog

4：ls 再次查看local目录下的文件

aegis  etc    include  lib64    mysoft    mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  share
bin    games  lib   libexec  mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  sbin    src

 

5：mv mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql  重命名解压后的安装包为mysql

[root@myLinux local]# mv mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@myLinux local]# ls
aegis  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysoft  mysql  mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  sbin  share  src

6：groupadd mysql 创建用户组

[root@myLinux local]# groupadd mysql

7：useradd -r -g mysql mysql 添加用户

[root@myLinux local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

8：cd mysql 进入mysql目录

[root@myLinux local]# cd mysql
[root@myLinux mysql]# ls
bin  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  LICENSE.router  man  README  README.router  run  share  support-files  var

9：mkdir data 在mysql目录下创建data文件夹

[root@myLinux mysql]# mkdir data
[root@myLinux mysql]# ls
bin  data  docs  include  lib  LICENSE  LICENSE.router  man  README  README.router  run  share  support-files  var

10：chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/data  给data文件夹赋予权限

  [root@myLinux mysql]# chown mysql:mysql -R /usr/local/mysql/data

11：vim /etc/my.cnf  编辑/etc下的mysql配置文件

[root@myLinux mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

12：编辑my.cnf的内容如下

[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
#character config
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

13：cd bin 进入mysql的bin目录下

[root@myLinux mysql]# cd bin/
[root@myLinux bin]# ls
ibd2sdi           myisam_ftdump      mysqlbinlog          mysqld_multi   mysqlrouter                mysqlslap
innochecksum      myisamlog          mysqlcheck           mysqld_safe    mysqlrouter_keyring        mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
libcrypto.so.1.1  myisampack         mysql_config         mysqldump      mysqlrouter_passwd         mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
libssl.so.1.1     my_print_defaults  mysql_config_editor  mysqldumpslow  mysqlrouter_plugin_info    mysql_upgrade
lz4_decompress    mysql              mysqld               mysqlimport    mysql_secure_installation  perror
myisamchk         mysqladmin         mysqld-debug         mysqlpump      mysqlshow                  zlib_decompress

14：./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --initialize  初始化数据库

[root@myLinux bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql --initialize

15：cd .. 返回mysql目录，cat data/mysql.err  查看日志文件，获取随机生成的mysql登录密码（最后一行root@localhost：后面的字符串即为自动生成的密码，我的密码是：>ahfjdeK1RSs）　

[root@myLinux bin]# cd ..
[root@myLinux mysql]# cat data/mysql.err 
2020-04-27T05:51:03.492531Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
2020-04-27T05:51:03.492640Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.18) initializing of server in progress as process 7941
2020-04-27T05:51:09.621611Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: >ahfjdeK1RSs

 

16：cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql  将mysql.server放置到/etc/init.d/mysql中

[root@myLinux mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

17：service mysql start 启动mysql服务（出现Starting MySQL... SUCCESS!代表启动成功）

[root@myLinux mysql]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 

 18：ps -ef|grep mysql  查看mysql状态（出现下面情形说明我们的mysql已经安装并启动成功）

[root@myLinux mysql]#  ps -ef|grep mysql
root      8015     1  0 13:54 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid
mysql     8242  8015  0 13:54 pts/0    00:00:14 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root      8629 25601  0 15:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

19：cd bin 进入mysql的bin目录

[root@myLinux mysql]# cd bin/
[root@myLinux bin]# ls
ibd2sdi           myisamchk          mysql         mysql_config_editor  mysqldump      mysqlrouter_keyring        mysqlslap            zlib_decompress
innochecksum      myisam_ftdump      mysqladmin    mysqld               mysqldumpslow  mysqlrouter_passwd         mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
libcrypto.so.1.1  myisamlog          mysqlbinlog   mysqld-debug         mysqlimport    mysqlrouter_plugin_info    mysql_tzinfo_to_sql
libssl.so.1.1     myisampack         mysqlcheck    mysqld_multi         mysqlpump      mysql_secure_installation  mysql_upgrade
lz4_decompress    my_print_defaults  mysql_config  mysqld_safe          mysqlrouter    mysqlshow                  perror

20：./mysql -u root -p  登录mysql，密码为上面随机生成的密码（出现下面情形说明我们登录成功）

[root@myLinux bin]# ./mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

21：show databases;  查看数据库（发现报错，因为它要求我们先更改密码才能执行sql）

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

22：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '244622'; 更改数据库密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '244622';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

23：show databases; 此时可以执行sql命令，但是要Navicat连接mysql时报错

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |         
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

24：为了解决Navicat连接mysql失败问题，进入mysql数据库执行以下sql（3，4两条sql语句执行的顺序不唯一，根据自己的实际情况来，多试一下）

1：mysql> use mysql

2：mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';

3：mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '244622' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;

4：mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '244622';

5：mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

25:测试连接

 26：结语，安装软件时，大家的环境各不相同，出现的问题也不尽相同，大家尽量探索出适合自己的安装方法，把它贴出来，帮助他人，充实自己。