Spring Cloud Alibaba Nacos 负载均衡策略Ribbon配置
ribbon有7种负载均衡策略可供选择:
1、随机策略——RandomRule
2、轮询策略——RoundRobinRule
注:Ribbon默认策略
3、重试策略——RetryRule
4、最低并发策略——BestAvailableRule
5、可用过滤策略——AvailabilityFilteringRule
过滤掉那些因为一直连接失败的被标记为circuit tripped的后端server,并过滤掉那些高并发的的后端server(active connections 超过配置的阈值)
性能仅次于最低并发策略。
6、响应时间加权策略——WeightedResponseTimeRule
每隔30秒计算一次服务器响应时间,以响应时间作为权重,响应时间越短的服务器被选中的概率越大。
7、区域权衡策略——ZoneAvoidanceRule
Ribbon的负载均衡策略使用建议
一般情况下,推荐使用最低并发策略,这个性能比默认的轮询策略高很多。
策略类 | 命名 | 描述 |
RandomRule | 随机策略 | 随机选择server |
RoundRobinRule | 轮询策略 | 按照顺序选择server(ribbon默认策略) |
RetryRule | 重试策略 | 在一个配置时间段内,当选择server不成功,则一直尝试选择一个可用的server |
BestAvailableRule | 最低并发策略 | 逐个考察server,如果server断路器打开,则忽略,再选择其中并发链接最低的server |
AvailabilityFilteringRule | 可用过滤策略 | 过滤掉一直失败并被标记为circuit tripped的server,过滤掉那些高并发链接的server(active connections超过配置的阈值) |
ResponseTimeWeightedRule | 响应时间加权重策略 | 根据server的响应时间分配权重,响应时间越长,权重越低,被选择到的概率也就越低。响应时间越短,权重越高,被选中的概率越高,这个策略很贴切,综合了各种因素,比如:网络,磁盘,io等,都直接影响响应时间 |
ZoneAvoidanceRule | 区域权重策略 | 综合判断server所在区域的性能,和server的可用性,轮询选择server并且判断一个AWS Zone的运行性能是否可用,剔除不可用的Zone中的所有server |
配置类配置
package com.wsm.ribbon; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RibbonRandomRuleConfig { //方法名一定要中 iRule @Bean public IRule iRule(){ return new RandomRule(); } }
package com.wsm.order.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import javax.swing.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/order") public class OrderController { @Autowired RestTemplate restTemplate; @RequestMapping("/add") public String add(){ System.out.println("aaaaaaaaaaaaa"); // String msg = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8011/stock/reduct", String.class); String msg = restTemplate.getForObject("http://stock-service/stock/reduct", String.class); return "hello world "+msg; } }
package com.wsm.order; import com.wsm.ribbon.RibbonRandomRuleConfig; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClients; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication //@EnableDiscoveryClient 老版本要加,新版本可以不加 @RibbonClients(value = { @RibbonClient(name = "stock-service",configuration = RibbonRandomRuleConfig.class) }) public class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced //启用负载均衡 public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder){ RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build(); return restTemplate; } }
server: port: 8030 #应用名称 (nacos 会将该名称当作服务名称) spring: application: name: order-ribbon-service cloud: nacos: # server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 server-addr: 192.168.133.128:8847 #集群 nginx 负载均衡访问 nacos discovery: username: nacos password: nacos namespace: public
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>springcloudalibaba</artifactId> <groupId>com.wsm.springcloud</groupId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>order-ribbon</artifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> <!-- <version>2.5.5</version>--> </dependency> <!-- nacos 服务注册发现 --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
配置文件配置
server:
port: 8030
#应用名称 (nacos 会将该名称当作服务名称)
spring:
application:
name: order-ribbon-service
cloud:
nacos:
# server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
server-addr: 192.168.133.128:8847 #集群 nginx 负载均衡访问 nacos
discovery:
username: nacos
password: nacos
namespace: public
stock-service:
ribbon:
NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.alibaba.cloud.nacos.ribbon.NacosRule #指定使用Nacos提供的负载均衡策略(优先调用同一集群的实例,基于随机&权重)
package com.wsm.order; import com.wsm.ribbon.RibbonRandomRuleConfig; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.client.RestTemplateBuilder; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClients; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication //@EnableDiscoveryClient 老版本要加,新版本可以不加 //@RibbonClients(value = { // @RibbonClient(name = "stock-service",configuration = RibbonRandomRuleConfig.class) //}) public class OrderApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class,args); } @Bean @LoadBalanced //启用负载均衡 public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder){ RestTemplate restTemplate = builder.build(); return restTemplate; } }
自定义负载均衡策略
package com.wsm.ribbon.rule; import com.netflix.client.config.IClientConfig; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.AbstractLoadBalancerRule; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.ILoadBalancer; import com.netflix.loadbalancer.Server; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom; public class CustomRule extends AbstractLoadBalancerRule { @Override public Server choose(Object o) { ILoadBalancer loadBalancer = this.getLoadBalancer(); //获得当前请求的服务实例 List<Server> reachableServers = loadBalancer.getReachableServers(); int random = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(reachableServers.size()); Server server = reachableServers.get(random); // if(server.isAlive()){ // return server; // } return server; } @Override public void initWithNiwsConfig(IClientConfig iClientConfig) { } }
server: port: 8030 #应用名称 (nacos 会将该名称当作服务名称) spring: application: name: order-ribbon-service cloud: nacos: # server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 server-addr: 192.168.133.128:8847 #集群 nginx 负载均衡访问 nacos discovery: username: nacos password: nacos namespace: public stock-service: ribbon: # NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.alibaba.cloud.nacos.ribbon.NacosRule #指定使用Nacos提供的负载均衡策略(优先调用同一集群的实例,基于随机&权重) NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.wsm.ribbon.rule.CustomRule
server: port: 8030 #应用名称 (nacos 会将该名称当作服务名称) spring: application: name: order-ribbon-service cloud: nacos: # server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 server-addr: 192.168.133.128:8847 #集群 nginx 负载均衡访问 nacos discovery: username: nacos password: nacos namespace: public stock-service: ribbon: # NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.alibaba.cloud.nacos.ribbon.NacosRule #指定使用Nacos提供的负载均衡策略(优先调用同一集群的实例,基于随机&权重) NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.wsm.ribbon.rule.CustomRule ribbon: eager-load: enabled: true #开启ribbon饥饿加载 clients: stock-service #配置stock-service使用ribbon饥饿加载,多个使用逗号分隔