getApplication()和getApplicationContext()区别

二者使用结果相同,我们写个代码分别打印二者返回结果,发现两个方法获取的是同一个对象。

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Application application = getApplication();
        Log.i("MainActivity", "打印getApplication:" + application);
        Context pContext = getApplicationContext();
        Log.i("MainActivity", "打印getApplicationContext:" + pContext);
    }
}

结果

2019-12-06 14:35:40.082 4983-4983/google.voice.engine I/MainActivity: 打印getApplication:android.app.Application@3d34e67
2019-12-06 14:35:40.082 4983-4983/google.voice.engine I/MainActivity: 打印getApplicationContext:android.app.Application@3d34e67

区别
    getApplication()是用来获取Application实例的,但是该方法只在Activity和Service中才能调用;在一些其他的地方,比如说当我们在BroadcastReceiver中也想获取Application实例,这时就需要使用getApplicationContext()方法

为什么是同一个对象呢 分析源码:

getApplicationContext我们知道是一个抽象方法,他的真正实现是在ContextImpl中:

@Override
    public Context getApplicationContext() {
        return (mPackageInfo != null) ?
                mPackageInfo.getApplication() : mMainThread.getApplication();
    }

再来看看getApplication方法(只存在于Activity和Service中):

public final Application getApplication() {
        return mApplication;
    }

那mApplication的赋值在哪?搜索一下,只有一个地方有赋值:

final void attach(Context context, ActivityThread aThread,
            Instrumentation instr, IBinder token, int ident,
            Application application, Intent intent, ActivityInfo info,
            CharSequence title, Activity parent, String id,
            NonConfigurationInstances lastNonConfigurationInstances,
            Configuration config, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor) {
        attachBaseContext(context);
        .......
        mApplication = application;
        }

我看到了这里就觉得这两个方法返回的对象不一样,可是我们忽略了getApplicationContext这个方法,当mPackageInfo不为空和为空是分别调用了mPackageInfo.getApplication()和mMainThread.getApplication(),那getApplicationContext到底返回的东西跟mApplication有什么不同,来看看这两个方法,在LoadedApk.java中看到mPackageInfo.getApplication():

Application getApplication() {
        return mApplication;
    }

在LoadedApk也有一个mApplication,这个mApplication的赋值在LoadedApk的makeApplication:

public Application makeApplication(boolean forceDefaultAppClass,
            Instrumentation instrumentation) {
...
if (mApplication != null) {
        return mApplication;
}
Application app = null;
...
app = mActivityThread.mInstrumentation.newApplication(
                    cl, appClass, appContext);
            appContext.setOuterContext(app);
...
mActivityThread.mAllApplications.add(app);
        mApplication = app;
...
}

看到首先是一个空判断(单例),为空的话新建了一个Application然后赋值给mApplication,我们再看看mMainThread.getApplication()返回了什么,在ActivityThread.java中:

public Application getApplication() {
        return mInitialApplication;
    }

再来看看mInitialApplication的赋值在哪里:

private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
...
Application app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);
            mInitialApplication = app;
...

}

我们又看到了makeApplication,至于data.info也是LoadedApk这个类,看到这里我们就一目了然了,绕来绕去结果都是同一个东西,只是可能创建的时机不同,一个是在LoadedApk,一个是在ActivityThread,不过最后我们发现这个getApplicationContext()返回的都是mApplication。

真相大白
这个命名就很有意思了,在LoadedApk我们看到了一个叫mApplication的东西,在Activity也有一个叫mApplication,那他们是不是有什么联系呢?来看看在Activity中mApplication的赋值,在attach方法中找到了它(方法中的其他参数我去掉了):

final void attach(Application application) {
mApplication = application;
}

也就是说等于调用attach方法时传入的application,那Activity的attach是在哪里调用呢,我们要来到反复提到的一个应用程序入口类ActivityThread,它有一个performLaunchActivity的方法,用来加载一个Activity,这里就有attach()的调用(我去掉了其他参数):

private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
...
Application app = r.packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
...
activity.attach(app);
...
}

我们发现又来了。。。熟悉的makeApplication(),r.packageInfo果然是LoadedApk类,最后殊途同归,又来到了这个单例,返回程序唯一的mApplication,还是一样的配方。。。

 

 

 

 
posted on 2019-12-06 14:49  mingfeng002  阅读(7302)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报