android主线程ActivityThread
ActivityThread在Android中它就代表了Android的主线程,但是并不是一个Thread类。
严格来说,UI主线程不是ActivityThread。ActivityThread类是Android APP进程的初始类,它的main函数是这个APP进程的入口。APP进程中UI事件的执行代码段都是由ActivityThread提供的。也就是说,Main Thread实例是存在的,只是创建它的代码我们不可见。ActivityThread的main函数就是在这个Main Thread里被执行的。
1.Java程序初始类中的main()方法,将作为该程序初始线程的起点,任何其他的线程都是由这个初始线程启动的。这个线程就是程序的主线程。
2.在Thread.java文件头部的说明中,有这样的介绍:Each application has at least one thread running when it is started, the main thread, in the main {@link ThreadGroup}.
源码如下:
http://androidxref.com/6.0.0_r1/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java
public final class ActivityThread { //... final H mH = new H(); final ArrayMap<IBinder, ActivityClientRecord> mActivities = new ArrayMap<>(); final ArrayMap<IBinder, Service> mServices = new ArrayMap<>(); final ApplicationThread mAppThread = new ApplicationThread(); private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative { //... } private class H extends Handler { //... } //... }
1.ActivityThread.main()
public final class ActivityThread { //... private static ActivityThread sCurrentActivityThread; public static ActivityThread currentActivityThread() { return sCurrentActivityThread; } private void attach(boolean system) { sCurrentActivityThread = this; //... } public static void main(String[] args) { //.... //创建Looper和MessageQueue对象,用于处理主线程的消息 Looper.prepareMainLooper(); //创建ActivityThread对象 ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread(); //建立Binder通道 (创建新线程) thread.attach(false); Looper.loop(); //消息循环运行 throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited"); } }
new ActivityThread()的局部变量通过attach()方法变成了全局变量sCurrentActivityThread,
通过currentActivityThread()方法可以得到当前线程
private void attach(boolean system) { sCurrentActivityThread = this; mSystemThread = system; if (!system) { //将mAppThread放到RuntimeInit类中的静态变量,也就是ApplicationThreadNative中的 this RuntimeInit.setApplicationObject(mAppThread.asBinder()); final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault(); try { mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread); //将mAppThread传入ActivityManagerService中 } catch (RemoteException ex) { // Ignore } // Watch for getting close to heap limit. BinderInternal.addGcWatcher(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { //... } }); } else { // Don't set application object here -- if the system crashes, // we can't display an alert, we just want to die die die. android.ddm.DdmHandleAppName.setAppName("system_process", UserHandle.myUserId()); try { mInstrumentation = new Instrumentation(); ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext( this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo); mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null); mInitialApplication.onCreate(); } catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException( "Unable to instantiate Application():" + e.toString(), e); } } //... }
1.调用 RuntimeInit.setApplicationObject() 方法,把对象mAppThread(Binder)放到了RuntimeInit类中的静态变量mApplicationObject中。
mAppThread的类型是ApplicationThread,它是ActivityThread的成员变量,定义和初始化如下:
final ApplicationThread mAppThread = new ApplicationThread();
2.ActivityThread与是怎么启动Activity呢?
ActivityThread的final H mH = new H()内部类H继承于Handler,通过handler消息机制,简单说Handler机制用于同一个进程的线程间通信。
Activity的生命周期都是依靠主线程的Looper.loop,当收到不同Message时则采用相应措施:
在H.handleMessage(msg)方法中,根据接收到不同的msg,执行相应的生命周期
当msg.what == LAUNCH_ACTIVITY就是调用handleLaunchActivity方法启动一个Activity,在handleLaunchActivity中又调用了performLaunchActivity方法来创建一个Activity实例,完成Activity的启动。 handleLaunchActivity源码如下:
private void handleLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent, String reason) { //...调用performLaunchActivity方法完成Activity的启动 Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent); //... }
H继承与Handle,重写了handleMessage的方法
public final class ActivityThread { //... final H mH = new H(); private class H extends Handler { //...声明的一些常量 public void handleMessage(Message msg) { //... switch (msg.what) { //针对不同的常量,做不同的业务处理 case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { //...启动一个Activity handleLaunchActivity(r, null, "LAUNCH_ACTIVITY"); //... } break; case RELAUNCH_ACTIVITY: { //... handleRelaunchActivity(r); //... } break; case PAUSE_ACTIVITY: { //... handlePauseActivity((IBinder) args.arg1, false, (args.argi1 & USER_LEAVING) != 0, args.argi2, (args.argi1 & DONT_REPORT) != 0, args.argi3); maybeSnapshot(); //... } break; //... } //... } private void maybeSnapshot() { //...这个方法主要统计snapshot } } }
这个类主要作用就是根据不同的情况处理各种业务,而且处理业务的方法一般是以handle开头,handleXXX的格式,如下:
handleActivityConfigurationChanged()
handleBindApplication()
handleBindService()
handleCancelVisibleBehind()
handleConfigurationChanged()
handleCreateService()
handleDestroyActivity()
handleDispatchPackageBroadcast()
handleLaunchActivity()
handleLowMemory()
handleMessage()
handleNewIntent()
handlePauseActivity()
handleReceiver()
handleRelaunchActivity()
handleResumeActivity()
handleSendResult()
handleServiceArgs()
handleStopActivity()
handleStopService()
而这些函数有的又会调用到如下的performXXX系列函数完成最终的事件处理:
performDestroyActivity()
performDestroyActivity()
performLaunchActivity()
performNewIntents()
performPauseActivity()
performPauseActivity()
performRestartActivity()
performResumeActivity()
performStopActivity()
performStopActivityInner()
performUserLeavingActivity()
例如 从栈顶Activity的onPause到启动activityon的Resume过程
ActivityStack.startPausingLocked()
IApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity()
ActivityThread.sendMessage()
ActivityThread.H.sendMessage();
ActivityThread.H.handleMessage()
ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity()
ActivityThread.performPauseActivity()
Activity.performPause()
Activity.onPause()
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token)
ActivityManagerService.activityPaused()
ActivityStack.activityPausedLocked()
ActivityStack.completePauseLocked()
ActivityStack.resumeTopActivitiesLocked()
ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityLocked()
ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityInnerLocked()
ActivityStack.startSpecificActivityLocked
一般都是执行scheduleXXXActivity
然后ActivityThread sendMessage到handleMessage 然后handleXXXActivvity,最后处理performXXXActivity
3.主线程的消息又是哪来的呢?
当然是App进程中的其他线程通过Handler发送给主线程
ActivityThread框架是基于Binder通信的C/S结构,从图可知Server端是ActivityThread、ApplicationThread,Client是AMS(ActivityManagerService),而ApplicationThreadProxy可以看作AMS中Server代表
App进程则是我们常说的应用程序,主线程主要负责Activity/Service等组件的生命周期以及UI相关操作都运行在这个线程; 另外,每个App进程中至少会有两个binder线程 ApplicationThread和ActivityManagerProxy,除了图中画的线程,其中还有很多线程,比如signal catcher线程等,这里就不一一列举。
Binder用于不同进程之间通信,由一个进程的Binder客户端向另一个进程的服务端发送事务,比如图中线程2向线程4发送事务;而handler用于同一个进程中不同线程的通信,比如图中线程4向主线程发送消息。
例如:
需要暂停一个Activity
- 线程1的AMS中调用线程2的ApplicationThreadProxy;(由于同一个进程的线程间资源共享,可以相互直接调用,但需要注意多线程并发问题)
- 线程2通过binder传输到App进程的线程4;
- 线程4通过handler消息机制,将暂停Activity的消息发送给主线程;
- 主线程在looper.loop()中循环遍历消息,当收到暂停Activity的消息时,便将消息分发给ActivityThread.H.handleMessage()方法,再经过方法的调用,最后便会调用到Activity.onPause(),当onPause()处理完后,继续循环loop下去。
4.ApplicationThread
ActivityThread与启动Activity有关,那么ApplicationThread就与启动Application有关了private class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative { //... schedulePauseActivity() scheduleStopActivity() scheduleResumeActivity() scheduleSendResult() scheduleLaunchActivity() scheduleNewIntent() scheduleDestroyActivity() scheduleReceiver() scheduleCreateService() scheduleBindService() scheduleUnbindService() scheduleServiceArgs() scheduleStopService() bindApplication() scheduleConfigurationChanged() scheduleRegisteredReceiver() scheduleInstallProvider() }
可以看出来它继承了ApplicationThreadNative的,并且它内部有非常多的scheduleXXX的方法.以后看到thread调用这个方法 就可以往这边找。我们先说一下这些方法,这些方法由外部的ActivityThread的binder远程代理对象调用最终走到这里.这些 schedulexxx的方法会进一步的通过往外发送消息给mH这个消息队列.来做处理
IApplicationThread
http://androidxref.com/6.0.0_r1/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/IApplicationThread.java
可以看到ApplicationThreadNative和ApplicationThreadProxy都实现了这个接口
public interface IApplicationThread extends IInterface { void schedulePauseActivity() throws RemoteException; void scheduleStopActivity() throws RemoteException; void scheduleWindowVisibility(IBinder token, boolean showWindow) throws RemoteException; void scheduleSleeping() throws RemoteException; void scheduleResumeActivity() throws RemoteException; void scheduleSendResult(IBinder token, List<ResultInfo> results) throws RemoteException; void scheduleLaunchActivity() throws RemoteException; void scheduleRelaunchActivity() throws RemoteException; void scheduleNewIntent() throws RemoteException; void scheduleReceiver() throws RemoteException; void scheduleCreateBackupAgent() throws RemoteException; void scheduleDestroyBackupAgent()throws RemoteException; void scheduleCreateService() throws RemoteException; void scheduleBindService() throws RemoteException; void scheduleUnbindService() throws RemoteException; void scheduleServiceArgs() throws RemoteException; void scheduleStopService() throws RemoteException; void bindApplication() throws RemoteException; void scheduleExit() throws RemoteException; void scheduleSuicide() throws RemoteException; void scheduleConfigurationChanged() throws RemoteException; //... }
在来看看ApplicationThreadNative这个类
public abstract class ApplicationThreadNative extends Binder implements IApplicationThread { //根据传入的不同参数决定返回不同的值. static public IApplicationThread asInterface(IBinder obj) { if (obj == null) { return null; } IApplicationThread in = (IApplicationThread)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor); if (in != null) { return in; } return new ApplicationThreadProxy(obj); } public ApplicationThreadNative() { attachInterface(this, descriptor); } @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException { switch (code) { //... } } public IBinder asBinder(){ return this; } }
说明:
该类实现业务接口IApplicationThread,非常标准的Binder模板.IApplicationThread extends IInterface它里面就是定义了非常多的通信的业务接口,也都是schedulexxx理解上对应到ApplicationThread那些方法。
该类首先是提供了一个静态的方法asInterface()用来获取IApplicationThread的Binder对象或者Binder代理对象,其它进程跨进程调用时候当传入的是BinderProxy那么就会返回一个ApplicationThreadProxy对象并把BinderProxy传入它的构造,而一般在本进程中调用的时候,就直接返回当前IApplicationThread对象,然后就是onTransact()函数了,里面通过不同的code对应到不同的case,进而调用不同的schedulexxx的方法,最终调用ApplicationThread中的schedulexxx方法。ApplicationThread这样就完成了作为服务端的构架,接下来就就是代理端的分析了.
前面我们知道跨进程调用asInterface的时候返回的是ApplicationThreadProxy对象,该类位于ApplicationThreadNative.java文件当中,是其内部类
ApplicationThreadProxy
public abstract class ApplicationThreadNative extends Binder implements IApplicationThread { //... class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread { private final IBinder mRemote; public ApplicationThreadProxy(IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } public final IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished, boolean userLeaving, int configChanges, boolean dontReport) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(token); data.writeInt(finished ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(userLeaving ? 1 : 0); data.writeInt(configChanges); data.writeInt(dontReport ? 1 : 0); mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null, IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY); data.recycle(); } public final void scheduleStopActivity(IBinder token, boolean showWindow, int configChanges) throws RemoteException { //... } //...一些列的schedulexxx } }
说明,也是代理端的标准实现,实现了IApplicationThread 接口,然后实现接口中定义的业务方法,在每个方法中最终调用到了服务端的对应的schedulexxx方法中。当然这个过程是通过Binder通信调用的,例如上面通过mRemote变量和驱动去交互进而调用到server端, mRemote是一个BinderProxy对象.
关于IApplicationThread的Binder相关实现,有个需要注意的它没有趣ServiceManager中注册,走的是一个匿名的binder的方法,其实对于驱动来说都一样.暂时发现的是别的地方如AMS用的时候通过ActivityThread的接口获得到ApplicationThread的对象,然后传入到asInterface(),获取对应的IApplicationThread对象进行跨进程调用。