cut 命令
cut
-d 自定义分隔符，默认为制表符
-f 与-d一起使用，指定显示哪个区域
-
提取列或字段 - cut
cut用于显示文件或者标准输入的特定列，如：
cut常用的选项有：
-b [范围] ：仅显示行中指定直接范围的内容
-c[范围] ：仅显示行中指定范围的字符
-d：指定字段的分隔符，默认的字段分隔符为“TAB”
-f [范围]：显示指定第num 个字段的内容，可以用逗号隔开显示多个字段
cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:65534:65534:Kernel Overflow User:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-coredump:x:999:997:systemd Core Dumper:/:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:998:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin unbound:x:997:996:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin dhcpd:x:177:177:DHCP server:/:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:D-Bus:/var/run/dbus:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:996:994:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin chrony:x:995:992::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:990:990:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-resolve:x:989:989:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-timesync:x:988:988:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/sbin/nologin // 显示这个文件中每一行的第三个字节 cut -b 3 /etc/passwd o n e m : n u l i e m p b s s b c h u l s r s s s
//可以显示每一行的第1-3个字符 cut -c 1-3 /etc/passwd roo bin dae adm lp: syn shu hal mai ope gam ftp nob sys sas unb dhc ssh dbu pol tss chr sys sys sys
cut -d: 指定分隔符为: 然然用-f 1-3 显示以:分割的第1-3字段
cut -d: -f 1-3 /etc/passwd root:x:0 bin:x:1 daemon:x:2 adm:x:3 lp:x:4 sync:x:5 shutdown:x:6 halt:x:7 mail:x:8 operator:x:11 games:x:12 ftp:x:14 nobody:x:65534 systemd-coredump:x:999 saslauth:x:998 unbound:x:997 dhcpd:x:177 sshd:x:74 dbus:x:81 polkitd:x:996 tss:x:59 chrony:x:995 systemd-network:x:990 systemd-resolve:x:989 systemd-timesync:x:988
[root@salt-server-192 sh]# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
[root@localhost sh]# cut -d: -f 3 /etc/passwd 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 99 69 499 89 74 38 // 以冒号为分隔符，取第三段的字符
[root@localhost sh]# cat /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f 5 root bin daemon adm lp sync shutdown halt mail uucp operator games gopher FTP User Nobody virtual console memory owner Saslauthd user Privilege-separated SSH // 以冒号为分隔符，取第五段的字符
[root@localhost sh]# cat /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f 3,4,5 0:0:root 1:1:bin 2:2:daemon 3:4:adm 4:7:lp 5:0:sync 6:0:shutdown 7:0:halt 8:12:mail 10:14:uucp 11:0:operator 12:100:games 13:30:gopher 14:50:FTP User 99:99:Nobody 69:69:virtual console memory owner 499:76:Saslauthd user 89:89: 74:74:Privilege-separated SSH 38:38: [root@localhost sh]# cat /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f 3-5 0:0:root 1:1:bin 2:2:daemon 3:4:adm 4:7:lp 5:0:sync 6:0:shutdown 7:0:halt 8:12:mail 10:14:uucp 11:0:operator 12:100:games 13:30:gopher 14:50:FTP User 99:99:Nobody 69:69:virtual console memory owner 499:76:Saslauthd user 89:89: 74:74:Privilege-separated SSH 38:38: //以冒号为分隔符，取每一行第3-5段的字符
-c 按字符取
[root@localhost sh]# cut -c 1 /etc/passwd r b d a l s s h m u o g g f n v s p s n //取出每一行的第一个字符
取出每一行第10个字符到每行结束
[root@localhost sh]# cut -c 10- /etc/passwd 0:root:/root:/bin/bash :bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin 2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin :adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin 0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown 0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt 12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin :14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin 2:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin 13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin 50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin 99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin :69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin :89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin :74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin 38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin [root@localhost sh]# cut -c 5- /etc/passwd :x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin on:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin :4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin :x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync down:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown :x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt :x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin :x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin ator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin s:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin er:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin dy:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin :x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin auth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin fix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin :x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin [root@localhost sh]# cut -c 5- /etc/passwd :x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin on:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin :4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin :x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync down:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown :x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt :x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin :x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin ator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin s:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin er:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin dy:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin :x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin auth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin fix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin :x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
取每一行 第一个字符到第5个字符
[root@localhost sh]# cut -c -5 /etc/passwd root: bin:x daemo adm:x lp:x: sync: shutd halt: mail: uucp: opera games gophe ftp:x nobod vcsa: sasla postf sshd: ntp:x [root@localhost sh]# cut -c 1-5 /etc/passwd root: bin:x daemo adm:x lp:x: sync: shutd halt: mail: uucp: opera games gophe ftp:x nobod vcsa: sasla postf sshd: ntp:x
取第2行-第4行字符
[root@localhost sh]# cut -c 2-4 /etc/passwd oot in: aem dm: p:x ync hut alt ail ucp per ame oph tp: obo csa asl ost shd tp:
