python XML梳理
导入ElementTree模块
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
为了创建一个element实例,使用Element 构造函数或者SubElement()工厂函数。
ET.Element():通常用于创建根节点
ET.SubElement(): 用于创建子节点
ElementTree 类可以用来包裹一个element结构,用于与XML进行相互转换。
通常使用:
ElementTree 遍历整个文档。
Element遍历单独的节点或者子节点通常使用 。
Element:方法以及函数 tag = None attrib = None text = None tail = None def append(self, subelement): def extend(self, elements): def insert(self, index, subelement): def remove(self, subelement): def getchildren(self): def find(self, path, namespaces=None): def findtext(self, path, default=None, namespaces=None): def findall(self, path, namespaces=None): def iterfind(self, path, namespaces=None): def clear(self): def get(self, key, default=None): def set(self, key, value): def keys(self): def items(self): def iter(self, tag=None): def itertext(self):
ElementTree:常用函数 def getroot(self): def parse(self, source, parser=None): #打开xml文件 def iter(self, tag=None): def getiterator(self, tag=None): def find(self, path, namespaces=None): def findtext(self, path, default=None, namespaces=None): def findall(self, path, namespaces=None): def iterfind(self, path, namespaces=None): def write(self, file_or_filename, encoding=None, xml_declaration=None, default_namespace=None, method=None, *, short_empty_elements=True):
一、解析(获取到根节点[Element])
1、str方式:
node = ET.XML(str_xml) = ET.fromstring(str_xml) #获取到根节点 (Element)
#XML()=fromstring()
2、文件方式:
result = ET.parse("file.xml") # 打开文件,(ElementTree)
root = result.getroot() # 获取到根节点,(Element)
二、修改(使用[Element]型对象)
tag、attrib、text、find、iter、remove、set......
三、重新写入文件
写入必须使用ElementTree对象调用write方法操作。
1、str解析方式写入文件
node = ET.XML(str_xml) #获取到根节点 ...操作 et = ET.ElementTree(root) #创建一个tree et.write("file.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True) #写入文件
2、文件方式写回文件
result = ET.parse("file.xml") #获取Tree root = result.getroot() #获取到根节点 ...修改 result.write("file.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True) 写回文件
四、创建XMl文件
Element #创建根节点
SubElement # 创建子节点
ElementTree # 创建tree,用于写入文件
五、缩进
导入minidom模块
from xml.dom import minidom
在写入文件是不在使用tree,使用下面的代码(其中的root是Element跟节点)
c = minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root, encoding="Utf-8")).toprettyxml(indent="\t")
f = open("file.xml", "w", encoding="utf-8")
f.write(c)
f.close()
对以上的操作可以定义一个函数使用:
def wrap(root): a = ET.tostring(root, encoding="Utf-8") b = minidom.parseString(a) c = b.toprettyxml(indent="\t") return c
六、命名空间
1、注册命名空间:
ET.register_namespace("com", "http://www.ehaomiao.com")
2、调用(在需要使用命名空间的标签前加入,格式为{})如下:
School = ET.Element("{http://www.ehaomiao.com}school") University = ET.SubElement(School, "{http://www.ehaomiao.com}University", attrib={"time": "4"})
3、结果
根节点的显示如下:(多了一句xmlns:com="http://www.ehaomiao.com"这样的语句)
<com:school xmlns:com="http://www.ehaomiao.com">
在每个调用命名空间的节点显示如下:(多了一个com:的标志)
<com:University time="4">
七、重要
在操作过程中如遇到有关于对象类型的问题,可以使用type()方法查看一下。
八、创建XML文件练习
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time : 2017/12/1 0001 14:07
# @Author : ming
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from xml.dom import minidom
ET.register_namespace("com", "http://www.ehaomiao.com") # 注册命名空间
School = ET.Element("{http://www.ehaomiao.com}school") # 调用命名空间
University = ET.SubElement(School, "{http://www.ehaomiao.com}University", attrib={"time": "4"})
d1 = ET.SubElement(University, "d1") # University是其父亲节点
d1.text = "大一"
d2 = ET.SubElement(University, "d2")
d2.text = "大二"
d3 = ET.SubElement(University, "d3")
d3.text = "大三"
d4 = ET.SubElement(University, "d4")
d4.text = "大四"
High_school = ET.SubElement(School, "{http://www.ehaomiao.com}High_school", attrib={"time": "3"})
g1 = ET.SubElement(High_school, "g1")
g1.text = "高一"
g2 = ET.SubElement(High_school, "g2")
g2.text = "高二"
g3 = ET.SubElement(High_school, "g3")
g3.text = "高三"
middle_school = ET.SubElement(School, "{http://www.ehaomiao.com}middle_school", attrib={"time": "3"})
c1 = ET.SubElement(middle_school, "c1")
c1.text = "初一"
c2 = ET.SubElement(middle_school, "c2")
c2.text = "初一"
c3 = ET.SubElement(middle_school, "c3")
c3.text = "初一"
# 写入文件无缩进,写入到file1.xml 文件中
et = ET.ElementTree(School)
et.write("file1.xml", encoding="utf=8", xml_declaration=True)
def wrap(root):
"""
将XML文件的所有节点添加换行符
:param root: 根节点[Element类型]
:return: 返回添加了缩进的字符串
"""
a = ET.tostring(root, encoding="Utf-8")
b = minidom.parseString(a)
c = b.toprettyxml(indent="\t")
return c
# 写入文件有缩进,写入到file2.xml 文件中
a = wrap(School)
f = open("file2.xml", "w", encoding="utf-8")
f.write(a)
f.close()
<?xml version="1.0" ?> <com:school xmlns:com="http://www.ehaomiao.com"> <com:University time="4"> <d1>大一</d1> <d2>大二</d2> <d3>大三</d3> <d4>大四</d4> </com:University> <com:High_school time="3"> <g1>高一</g1> <g2>高二</g2> <g3>高三</g3> </com:High_school> <com:middle_school time="3"> <c1>初一</c1> <c2>初一</c2> <c3>初一</c3> </com:middle_school> </com:school>
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf=8'?> <com:school xmlns:com="http://www.ehaomiao.com"><com:University time="4"><d1>大一</d1><d2>大二</d2><d3>大三</d3><d4>大四</d4></com:University><com:High_school time="3"><g1>高一</g1><g2>高二</g2><g3>高三</g3></com:High_school><com:middle_school time="3"><c1>初一</c1><c2>初一</c2><c3>初一</c3></com:middle_school></com:school>