Linux - CentOS7静默安装oracle11g

0. 操作系统

[root@HM311~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@HM311~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)

1. 安装前的准备

1.1 /etc/hosts文件中添加主机名

[root@HM311~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
113.33.26.198 HM311
127.0.0.1  HM311

1.2 关闭selinux

[root@HM311~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

1.3 关闭防火墙

[root@HM311~]# service iptables stop
[root@HM311~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@HM311~]# systemctl disable firewalld

1.4 用yum进行安装

-- 使用下面2个语句都可以 ， 建议使用第一个
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel kernelheaders pdksh pcre-devel readline rlwrap　

yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

检测是否31个包都有安装

[root@HM311~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst  make sysstat  unixODBC unixODBC-devel
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-55.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.i686
gcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-106.el7_2.8.x86_64
glibc-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-106.el7_2.8.i686
ksh-20120801-22.el7_1.3.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.5-4.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-4.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-4.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-4.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.2-2.1.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.4-2.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.i686
make-3.82-21.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-7.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-11.el7.i686
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-11.el7.i686

1.5 创建用户、组

groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba && useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
echo "123456" | passwd --stdin oracle && id oracle　

1.6 上传软件包

[linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip]
[linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip]
可以下载到本地通过ftp上传到虚拟机中，也可以使用wget命令，下载到虚拟机中

1.7 修改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
 
#添加以下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
 
#使内核新配置生效
sysctl -p　　

1.8 修改用户限制

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
 
#添加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240　　

1.9 修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件

vim /etc/pam.d/login
 
#添加以下内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so　　

1.20 修改/etc/profile 文件

vim /etc/profile
 
#添加以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi　　

2. ORACLE 安装

2.1 创建安装包文件存放目录

mkdir -p /data/u01/software
mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_* /data/u01/software/ && cd /data/u01/software

2.2 解压安装包文件

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip　

2.3 创建目录

mkdir -p /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
mkdir /data/u01/app/oracle/{oradata,inventory,fast_recovery_area}
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/u01/app/oracle　

2.4 设置 oracle 用户环境变量

su - oracle
vim .bash_profile

#添加以下内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
 
#生效
source .bash_profile　

2.5 编辑静默安装响应文件

cp -R /data/u01/software/database/response/ . && cd response/
vim db_install.rsp
 
#设置以下内容
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=自己的主机名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

2.6 安装

cd /data/u01/software/database/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
等待几分钟　

2.7 打开终端，以 root 身份登录，执行脚本

su - root
source .bash_profile
sh /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

2.8 查看监听响应文件配置信息

egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

#以静默方式配置监听
su - oracle
source .bash_profile
netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp　　

2.9 用Oracle用户启动

su - oracle
lsnrctl start
netstat -tunlp|grep 1521
 
#查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
 
#查看监听器配置文件 listener.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
 
#查看监听服务名配置文件 tnsnames.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora　　

2.10 配置以静默方式建立新库，和实例 的响应文件

vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
 
设置以下参数
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "SYS 用户密码"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "SYSTEM 用户密码"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "sysman"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "dbsnmp"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "6144"　　

2.11 查看建库响应文件配置信息

root@oracle ~]# egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp　

2.12 启用配置，以静默方式建立新库，和实例

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp　

#查看监听器配置文件 listener.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = HM311)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/u01/app/oracle

#查看监听服务名配置文件 tnsnames.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora　
　
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/d                                                                                                                                                          bhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = HM311)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

2.13 检查实例后台进程

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
 
#查看 ORACLE_UNQNAME 环境变量
env|grep ORACLE_UNQNAME　　

以 sysdba 身份登录
sqlplus / as sysdba　

启动 oralce 数据库
SQL> startup

3. 报错解决

3.1 ORA-00845

SQL> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
因为内存太小可以加大虚拟机的内存或者临时解决如下：解决方法

su - root
mount -o remount,size=4G /dev/shm
su - oracle
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup

3.2 ORA-28000

ORA-28000: the account is locked
解决方法
[oracle@oracal ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL>conn /as sysdba
SQL> alter profile default limit failed_login_attempts unlimited;
sqlplus /nolog
sqlplus /nolog

3.3 ORA-01017

#ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
解决方法密码不合适 用sys用户登录修改密码

[oracle@oracal ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> alter user scott identified by 123456;
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
SQL> conn scott/123456;

3.4 #[ConfigureListener.isPortFree:1088] Returning is Port 1521 free: false

#[ConfigureListener.isPortFree:1088] Returning is Port 1521 free: false
/etc/hosts里面127.0.0.0后面没有添加主机名

3.5 ORA-12547

oracle ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle

3.6 TNS-12555

TNS-12555: TNS:permission denied
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle
--------------------- 

4. 设置Oracle开机启动

修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut

ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改vi /etc/oratab

orcl:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

新建文件/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle

#! /bin/bash
# oracle: Start/Stop Oracle Database 11g R2
#
# chkconfig: 345 90 10
# description: The Oracle Database is an Object-Relational Database Management System.
#
# processname: oracle
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
LOCKFILE=/var/lock/subsys/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_USER=oracle
case "$1" in
'start')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already running.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Starting Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
   touch $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'stop')
   if [ ! -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 already stopping.
      exit 1
   fi
   echo -n $"Stopping Oracle Database:"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut"
   su - $ORACLE_USER -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
   rm -f $LOCKFILE
   ;;
'restart')
   $0 stop
   $0 start
   ;;
'status')
   if [ -f $LOCKFILE ]; then
      echo $0 started.
      else
      echo $0 stopped.
   fi
   ;;
*)
   echo "Usage: $0 [start|stop|status]"
   exit 1
esac
exit 0

给/etc/init.d/oracle添加执行权限

chmod +x /etc/init.d/oracle

开机启动oracle

systemctl enable oracle
或
chkconfig oracle on

给启动文件加权限

cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/
chmod 6751 oracle
cd /var/tmp
chown -R oracle:oinstall .oracle

防火墙配置放开Oracle的端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload