【MySQL】主从配置
一主一从（或二从）部署：
参考博客：
https://www.cnblogs.com/lelehellow/p/9633315.html
正好借着3台机器，可以做一个 1主 2从的分配
192.168.101.12 centos7-02 # 主库 192.168.101.12 centos7-03 # 从库1 192.168.101.12 centos7-04 # 从库2
3台机器都已经安装好RPM版的8.0.27
主库需要做的事情是
1、开启Binlog日志
1.5、设置服务ID
2、分配从库的监听账号
3、拿到binlog文件名
首先找到配置文件：
[root@centos7-03 ~]# find / -name my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
配置这两个参数项：
[mysqld]
# 开启二进制日志 log-bin=mysql-bin # 设置server-id server-id=1
保存后重启mysqld服务，生效配置
systemctl restart mysqld
然后登陆上主库，分配从库的账号及其权限
-- 创建两个从库的监听账号 CREATE USER 'SLAVE-01'@'centos7-03' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; CREATE USER 'SLAVE-02'@'centos7-04' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; -- 分配分配【从库副本权限】给监听账号 GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'SLAVE-01'@'centos7-03'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'SLAVE-02'@'centos7-04'; -- 刷新权限 FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
获取主库的bin日志文件
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
展示信息：
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 156 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec)
然后从库要和主库一样设置服务ID，为了区分MySQL
# centos7-03 机器 设置 vim /etc/my.cnf server-id=2 # centos7-04 机器 设置 vim /etc/my.cnf server-id=3 # 然后都重启服务 systemctl restart mysqld
登陆上从库的MySQL，执行绑定SQL：
-- centos7-03的mysql执行 CHANGE MASTER TO -- 主库连接信息 MASTER_PORT= 3306, -- 主库端口 MASTER_HOST='centos7-02', -- 主库地址 MASTER_USER='SLAVE-01', -- 主库提供的同步账号 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -- 主库提供的同步账号密码 -- 主库的 SHOW MASTER STATUS 展示的信息 MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', -- 主库的日志文件名称 MASTER_LOG_POS=156; -- 主库的日志文件最后位置6 -- centos7-04的mysql执行 CHANGE MASTER TO -- 主库连接信息 MASTER_PORT= 3306, -- 主库端口 MASTER_HOST='centos7-02', -- 主库地址 MASTER_USER='SLAVE-02', -- 主库提供的同步账号 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -- 主库提供的同步账号密码 -- 主库的 SHOW MASTER STATUS 展示的信息 MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', -- 主库的日志文件名称 MASTER_LOG_POS=156; -- 主库的日志文件最后位置6
然后开启从库同步：
START SLAVE;
关闭从库同步：
STOP SLAVE;
查看从库同步状态：
SHOW SLAVE STATUS;
注意两个参数 Slave_IO_Running & Slave_SQL_Running
值都为Yes的时候，才算主从配置成功
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS; +----------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ | Slave_IO_State | Master_Host | Master_User | Master_Port | Connect_Retry | Master_Log_File | Read_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_File | Relay_Log_Pos | Relay_Master_Log_File | Slave_IO_Running | Slave_SQL_Running | Replicate_Do_DB | Replicate_Ignore_DB | Replicate_Do_Table | Replicate_Ignore_Table | Replicate_Wild_Do_Table | Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table | Last_Errno | Last_Error | Skip_Counter | Exec_Master_Log_Pos | Relay_Log_Space | Until_Condition | Until_Log_File | Until_Log_Pos | Master_SSL_Allowed | Master_SSL_CA_File | Master_SSL_CA_Path | Master_SSL_Cert | Master_SSL_Cipher | Master_SSL_Key | Seconds_Behind_Master | Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert | Last_IO_Errno | Last_IO_Error | Last_SQL_Errno | Last_SQL_Error | Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids | Master_Server_Id | Master_UUID | Master_Info_File | SQL_Delay | SQL_Remaining_Delay | Slave_SQL_Running_State | Master_Retry_Count | Master_Bind | Last_IO_Error_Timestamp | Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp | Master_SSL_Crl | Master_SSL_Crlpath | Retrieved_Gtid_Set | Executed_Gtid_Set | Auto_Position | Replicate_Rewrite_DB | Channel_Name | Master_TLS_Version | Master_public_key_path | Get_master_public_key | Network_Namespace | +----------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ | Connecting to source | centos7-02 | SLAVE-02 | 3306 | 60 | mysql-bin.000001 | 156 | centos7-04-relay-bin.000001 | 4 | mysql-bin.000001 | Connecting | Yes | | | | | | | 0 | | 0 | 156 | 156 | None | | 0 | No | | | | | | NULL | No | 2061 | error connecting to master 'SLAVE-02@centos7-02:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 31 message: Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' reported error: Authentication requires secure connection. | 0 | | | 0 | | mysql.slave_master_info | 0 | NULL | Replica has read all relay log; waiting for more updates | 86400 | | 220201 18:09:21 | | | | | | 0 | | | | | 0 | | +----------------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+---------------+------------------+---------------------+-----------------------------+---------------+-----------------------+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------------+-------------------------+-----------------------------+------------+------------+--------------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-----------------+-------------------+----------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------------+------------------+-------------+-------------------------+-----------+---------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+--------------------+-------------+-------------------------+--------------------------+----------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------+---------------+----------------------+--------------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.04 sec)
报错原因在 【Last_IO_Error】
error connecting to master 'SLAVE-02@centos7-02:3306' - retry-time: 60 retries: 31 message: Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' reported error: Authentication requires secure connection.
连接要求密码配有加密插件
回到主库更改账号的密码插件项：
ALTER USER 'SLAVE-01'@'centos7-03' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; ALTER USER 'SLAVE-02'@'centos7-04' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; UNLOCK TABLES;
停止从库绑定：
STOP SLAVE;
重置从库
RESET SLAVE;
再检查主库binlog的pos值
SHOW MASTER STATUS;
然后重新配置SLAVE，再启动即可
双主双从的结构设计：
1、双主双从的设计是基于上面一主一从的演变
SLAVE -> MASTER 这是一主一从的结构
同样MASTER也可以变成SLAVE，双方相互监听，这就成了交织
A 挂B，B也挂A
2、双主双从就是在AB交织的架构下各自再挂一个从机
2022年06月13日更新：
多主一从的实现
在从库需要新增两项配置，以支持多Channel监听：
-- 从库在my.cnf添加两项配置，以支持多CHANNEL绑定 master_info_repository=table relay_log_info_repository=table
否则在下面设置监听主库SQL时，执行报错
设置监听的主库时，需要设定自定义CHANNEL属性
-- 从库配置监听的主库时需要自定义CHANNEL属性 CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_PORT= 3306, -- 主库端口 MASTER_HOST='192.168.118.133', -- 主库地址（真实环境自行修改） MASTER_USER='SLAVE-01', -- 主库提供的同步账号 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -- 主库提供的同步账号密码 MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', -- 主库的日志文件名称（就是上面截图当前日志文件名称） MASTER_LOG_POS=3225 -- 主库的日志文件最后位置（就是上面截图当前位置） FOR CHANNEL '133-CHANNEL'; CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_PORT= 3306, -- 主库端口 MASTER_HOST='192.168.118.135', -- 主库地址（真实环境自行修改） MASTER_USER='SLAVE-01', -- 主库提供的同步账号 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -- 主库提供的同步账号密码 MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', -- 主库的日志文件名称（就是上面截图当前日志文件名称） MASTER_LOG_POS=154 -- 主库的日志文件最后位置（就是上面截图当前位置） FOR CHANNEL '135-CHANNEL';
开启和关闭SLAVE状态都需要指定对应CHANNEL
-- 开启同步时指定CHANNEL START SLAVE FOR CHANNEL '133-CHANNEL'; START SLAVE FOR CHANNEL '135-CHANNEL'; -- 关闭时同理 STOP SLAVE FOR CHANNEL '133-CHANNEL'; STOP SLAVE FOR CHANNEL '135-CHANNEL';
检查监听状态：
-- 展示同步状态 SHOW SLAVE STATUS
2022年06月14日更新：
GTID方式来部署MySQL集群，所有的MASTER和SLAVE库都需要配置以下参数（my.ini & my.cnf）：
# 开启GTID模式 gtid_mode=on # 强制gtid一致性，开启后对于特定create table不被支持 enforce_gtid_consistency=on # 从库从主库复制数据时可以写入到binlog日志，可作为其他从库的主库支持 log-slave-updates=1 # 日志格式：行 binlog_format=row # slave复制进程不随mysql启动而启动 skip_slave_start=1
和之前的区别在于，不需要指定BINLOG日志最新位置
有MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1可以自动同步
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_PORT= 3306, -- 主库端口 MASTER_HOST='192.168.118.133', -- 主库地址（真实环境自行修改） MASTER_USER='SLAVE-01', -- 主库提供的同步账号 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -- 主库提供的同步账号密码 MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1 FOR CHANNEL '133-CHANNEL'; CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_PORT= 3306, -- 主库端口 MASTER_HOST='192.168.118.135', -- 主库地址（真实环境自行修改） MASTER_USER='SLAVE-01', -- 主库提供的同步账号 MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -- 主库提供的同步账号密码 MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1 FOR CHANNEL '135-CHANNEL';
检查GTID开启状态：
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%gtid%'; +----------------------------------+-----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------------+-----------+ | binlog_gtid_simple_recovery | ON | | enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | | gtid_executed_compression_period | 1000 | | gtid_mode | ON | | gtid_next | AUTOMATIC | | gtid_owned | | | gtid_purged | | | session_track_gtids | OFF | +----------------------------------+-----------+
解决同步失败的方案：
清空所有库的数据以及binlog，初始化到清空状态
RESET MASTER -- 清除日志
