commons-io源码阅读心得

FileCleanTracker:　开启一个守护线程在后台默默的删除文件。

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.io;

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.ref.PhantomReference;
import java.lang.ref.ReferenceQueue;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Vector;

/**
 * Keeps track of files awaiting deletion, and deletes them when an associated
 * marker object is reclaimed by the garbage collector.
 * <p>
 * This utility creates a background thread to handle file deletion.
 * Each file to be deleted is registered with a handler object.
 * When the handler object is garbage collected, the file is deleted.
 * <p>
 * In an environment with multiple class loaders (a servlet container, for
 * example), you should consider stopping the background thread if it is no
 * longer needed. This is done by invoking the method
 * {@link #exitWhenFinished}, typically in
 * {@link javax.servlet.ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed} or similar.
 *
 * @author Noel Bergman
 * @author Martin Cooper
 * @version $Id: FileCleaner.java 490987 2006-12-29 12:11:48Z scolebourne $
 */
public class FileCleaningTracker {
    /**
     * Queue of <code>Tracker</code> instances being watched.
     */
    ReferenceQueue /* Tracker */ q = new ReferenceQueue();
    /**
     * Collection of <code>Tracker</code> instances in existence.
     */
    final Collection /* Tracker */ trackers = new Vector();  // synchronized
    /**
     * Whether to terminate the thread when the tracking is complete.
     */
    volatile boolean exitWhenFinished = false;
    /**
     * The thread that will clean up registered files.
     */
    Thread reaper;

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Track the specified file, using the provided marker, deleting the file
     * when the marker instance is garbage collected.
     * The {@link FileDeleteStrategy#NORMAL normal} deletion strategy will be used.
     *
     * @param file  the file to be tracked, not null
     * @param marker  the marker object used to track the file, not null
     * @throws NullPointerException if the file is null
     */
    public void track(File file, Object marker) {
        track(file, marker, (FileDeleteStrategy) null);
    }

    /**
     * Track the specified file, using the provided marker, deleting the file
     * when the marker instance is garbage collected.
     * The speified deletion strategy is used.
     *
     * @param file  the file to be tracked, not null
     * @param marker  the marker object used to track the file, not null
     * @param deleteStrategy  the strategy to delete the file, null means normal
     * @throws NullPointerException if the file is null
     */
    public void track(File file, Object marker, FileDeleteStrategy deleteStrategy) {
        if (file == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("The file must not be null");
        }
        addTracker(file.getPath(), marker, deleteStrategy);
    }

    /**
     * Track the specified file, using the provided marker, deleting the file
     * when the marker instance is garbage collected.
     * The {@link FileDeleteStrategy#NORMAL normal} deletion strategy will be used.
     *
     * @param path  the full path to the file to be tracked, not null
     * @param marker  the marker object used to track the file, not null
     * @throws NullPointerException if the path is null
     */
    public void track(String path, Object marker) {
        track(path, marker, (FileDeleteStrategy) null);
    }

    /**
     * Track the specified file, using the provided marker, deleting the file
     * when the marker instance is garbage collected.
     * The speified deletion strategy is used.
     *
     * @param path  the full path to the file to be tracked, not null
     * @param marker  the marker object used to track the file, not null
     * @param deleteStrategy  the strategy to delete the file, null means normal
     * @throws NullPointerException if the path is null
     */
    public void track(String path, Object marker, FileDeleteStrategy deleteStrategy) {
        if (path == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("The path must not be null");
        }
        addTracker(path, marker, deleteStrategy);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a tracker to the list of trackers.
     * 
     * @param path  the full path to the file to be tracked, not null
     * @param marker  the marker object used to track the file, not null
     * @param deleteStrategy  the strategy to delete the file, null means normal
     */
    private synchronized void addTracker(String path, Object marker, FileDeleteStrategy deleteStrategy) {
        // synchronized block protects reaper
        if (exitWhenFinished) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("No new trackers can be added once exitWhenFinished() is called");
        }
        if (reaper == null) {
            reaper = new Reaper();
            reaper.start();
        }
        trackers.add(new Tracker(path, deleteStrategy, marker, q));
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Retrieve the number of files currently being tracked, and therefore
     * awaiting deletion.
     *
     * @return the number of files being tracked
     */
    public int getTrackCount() {
        return trackers.size();
    }

    /**
     * Call this method to cause the file cleaner thread to terminate when
     * there are no more objects being tracked for deletion.
     * <p>
     * In a simple environment, you don't need this method as the file cleaner
     * thread will simply exit when the JVM exits. In a more complex environment,
     * with multiple class loaders (such as an application server), you should be
     * aware that the file cleaner thread will continue running even if the class
     * loader it was started from terminates. This can consitute a memory leak.
     * <p>
     * For example, suppose that you have developed a web application, which
     * contains the commons-io jar file in your WEB-INF/lib directory. In other
     * words, the FileCleaner class is loaded through the class loader of your
     * web application. If the web application is terminated, but the servlet
     * container is still running, then the file cleaner thread will still exist,
     * posing a memory leak.
     * <p>
     * This method allows the thread to be terminated. Simply call this method
     * in the resource cleanup code, such as {@link javax.servlet.ServletContextListener#contextDestroyed}.
     * One called, no new objects can be tracked by the file cleaner.
     */
    public synchronized void exitWhenFinished() {
        // synchronized block protects reaper
        exitWhenFinished = true;
        if (reaper != null) {
            synchronized (reaper) {
                reaper.interrupt();
            }
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * The reaper thread.
     */
    private final class Reaper extends Thread {
        /** Construct a new Reaper */
        Reaper() {
            super("File Reaper");
            setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
            setDaemon(true);
        }

        /**
         * Run the reaper thread that will delete files as their associated
         * marker objects are reclaimed by the garbage collector.
         */
        public void run() {
            // thread exits when exitWhenFinished is true and there are no more tracked objects
            while (exitWhenFinished == false || trackers.size() > 0) {
                Tracker tracker = null;
                try {
                    // Wait for a tracker to remove.
                    tracker = (Tracker) q.remove();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    continue;
                }
                if (tracker != null) {
                    tracker.delete();
                    tracker.clear();
                    trackers.remove(tracker);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //-----------------------------------------------------------------------
    /**
     * Inner class which acts as the reference for a file pending deletion.
     */
    private static final class Tracker extends PhantomReference {

        /**
         * The full path to the file being tracked.
         */
        private final String path;
        /**
         * The strategy for deleting files.
         */
        private final FileDeleteStrategy deleteStrategy;

        /**
         * Constructs an instance of this class from the supplied parameters.
         *
         * @param path  the full path to the file to be tracked, not null
         * @param deleteStrategy  the strategy to delete the file, null means normal
         * @param marker  the marker object used to track the file, not null
         * @param queue  the queue on to which the tracker will be pushed, not null
         */
        Tracker(String path, FileDeleteStrategy deleteStrategy, Object marker, ReferenceQueue queue) {
            super(marker, queue);
            this.path = path;
            this.deleteStrategy = (deleteStrategy == null ? FileDeleteStrategy.NORMAL : deleteStrategy);
        }

        /**
         * Deletes the file associated with this tracker instance.
         *
         * @return <code>true</code> if the file was deleted successfully;
         *         <code>false</code> otherwise.
         */
        public boolean delete() {
            return deleteStrategy.deleteQuietly(new File(path));
        }
    }

}

 IOUtils: 通用的io工具类。

　　主要有：

　　toByteArray(InputStream/Reader/String)方法：将输入流拷贝到相应的输出流，然后调用输出流的toByteArray()方法返回；

　　toCharArray(InputStream/Reader)方法：将输入流拷贝到相应的输出流，然后调用输出流的toCharArray()方法返回；

　　toString(InputStream/Reader/byte[])方法：将输入流拷贝到StringWriter，然后调用StringWriter.toString()方法返回；

　　readLines(InputStream/Reader)方法：将输入流中的每一行存入list容器中，然后返回list;

　　contentEquals(InputStream/Reader)方法：比较俩个输入流的内容是否一致;

CopyUtils: 拷贝输入流内容到输出流的工具类。

FileUtils: 通用的文件工具类。

FileSystemUtils: 通用的文件系统工具类。

　　freeSpaceKb(String path)方法： 获取系统(windows/unix)下的某个路径下的空间值，单位KB。通过执行命令：'dir /-c' on Windows and 'df' on *nix.

FilenameUtils: 通用的文件名和文件路径工具类。

　　normalize(String filename)方法：格式化文件名；

　　getPrefixLength(String filename)方法：获取文件名前缀的长度；

　　getPrefix(String filename)方法：获取文件名前缀；

　　getPath(String filename)方法：获取文件名路径；

　　getPathNoEndSeparator(String filename)方法：获取文件名路径不带最后分隔符；

　　getFullPath(String filename)方法：获取文件名对应的全路径；

　　wildcardMatch(String filename, String wildcardMatcher)方法：文件名与某个通配符字符串是否匹配；

一系列的FileFilter，都继承了AbstractFileFilter，它实现了IOFileFilter，IOFileFilter继承了FileFilter和FilenameFilter。

　　如：AgeFileFilter 可以过滤某些早于、等于或者晚于某个时间的文件或文件列表。

File dir = new File(".");
// We are interested in files older than one day
long cutoff = System.currentTimeMillis() - (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
String[] files = dir.list( new AgeFileFilter(cutoff) );
   for ( int i = 0; i < files.length; i++ ) {
   System.out.println(files[i]);
}

　　　　AndFileFilter 将几个其它的文件过滤器做逻辑与操作，可以获取符合这几个文件过滤器的文件或文件列表。

　　　　WildcardFileFilter 文件通配符过滤器，可以获取文件名匹配某个设定的通配符的文件。

File dir = new File(".");
FileFilter fileFilter = new WildcardFileFilter("*test*.java~*~");
File[] files = dir.listFiles(fileFilter);
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
    System.out.println(files[i]);
}

一系列的IO output/input类：

　　如：CountingInputStream 可以记录输入流读取的字节数；

　　　　ByteArrayOutputStream 将输出流的数据写到字节数组中；

　　　　CountingOutputStream 记录输出流输出的字节数。