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spring读写分离(配置多数据源)[marked]

我们今天的主角是AbstractRoutingDataSource,在Spring2.0.1发布之后,引入了AbstractRoutingDataSource,使用该类可以实现普遍意义上的多数据源管理功能。

 1、扩展Spring的AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类(该类充当了DataSource的路由中介, 能有在运行时, 根据某种key值来动态切换到真正的DataSource上。)

    从AbstractRoutingDataSource的源码中:

public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean

我们可以看到,它继承了AbstractDataSource,而AbstractDataSource不就是javax.sql.DataSource的子类,So我们可以分析下它的getConnection方法:

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {  
    return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();  
}  
    
public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {  
     return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);  
}

获取连接的方法中,重点是determineTargetDataSource()方法,看源码: 

/** 
     * Retrieve the current target DataSource. Determines the 
     * {@link #determineCurrentLookupKey() current lookup key}, performs 
     * a lookup in the {@link #setTargetDataSources targetDataSources} map, 
     * falls back to the specified 
     * {@link #setDefaultTargetDataSource default target DataSource} if necessary. 
     * @see #determineCurrentLookupKey() 
     */  
    protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {  
        Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");  
        Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();  
        DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);  
        if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {  
            dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;  
        }  
        if (dataSource == null) {  
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");  
        }  
        return dataSource;  
    }

上面这段源码的重点在于determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,这是AbstractRoutingDataSource类中的一个抽象方法,而它的返回值是你所要用的数据源dataSource的key值,有了这个key值,resolvedDataSource(这是个map,由配置文件中设置好后存入的)就从中取出对应的DataSource,如果找不到,就用配置默认的数据源。

    看完源码,应该有点启发了吧,没错!你要扩展AbstractRoutingDataSource类,并重写其中的determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,来实现数据源的切换:

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource{   
    
    @Override   
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {   
        return DBContextHolder.getDBType();   
    }   
}

DataSourceHolder这个类则是我们自己封装的对数据源进行操作的类:

public class DataSourceHolder {    
    //线程本地环境
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSources = new ThreadLocal<String>();    
    //设置数据源
    public static void setDataSource(String customerType) {
        dataSources.set(customerType);
    }    //获取数据源
    public static String getDataSource() {        
       return (String) dataSources.get();
    }    //清除数据源
    public static void clearDataSource() {
        dataSources.remove();
    }
  
}

setDataSource如何使用呢?我们可以在程序里面自己写:

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");   
BaseDAO dao = (BaseDAO) context.getBean("sqlBaseDAO", BaseDAOImpl.class);   
    
try {   
    DataSourceHolder.setDataSource("data1");   
    System.err.println(dao.select("select count(*) sum from TEST t ").get(0).get("SUM"));   
    DataSourceHolder.setDataSource("data2");   
    System.err.println(dao.select("select count(*) sum from TEST t ").get(0).get("SUM"));   
        
} catch (Exception e) {   
    e.printStackTrace();   
} finally{
    DataSourceHolder.clearDataSource();
}

也可以用更优雅的方式aop,把配置的数据源类型都设置成为注解标签,在service层中需要切换数据源的方法上,写上注解标签,调用相应方法切换数据源:

@DataSource(name=DataSource.slave1)
public List getProducts(){
}
import java.lang.annotation.*;
  
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documentedpublic @interface DataSource {
    String name() default DataSource.master; 
    public static String master = "dataSource1"; 
    public static String slave1 = "dataSource2"; 
    public static String slave2 = "dataSource3";
}

有时候我们可能要实现的功能是读写分离,要求select走一个库,update,delete走一个库,我们有了规则就不想每个方法都去写注解了

我们先把spring配置文件搞上:

<bean id = "dataSource1" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">   
        <property name="url" value="${db1.url}"/>
        <property name = "user" value = "${db1.user}"/>
        <property name = "password" value = "${db1.pwd}"/>
        <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>
        <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
    </bean>
  
    <bean id = "dataSource2" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">
        <property name="url" value="${db2.url}"/>
        <property name = "user" value = "${db2.user}"/>
        <property name = "password" value = "${db2.pwd}"/>
        <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>
        <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
    </bean>
  
    <bean id = "dataSource3" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">
        <property name="url" value="${db3.url}"/>
        <property name = "user" value = "${db3.user}"/>
        <property name = "password" value = "${db3.pwd}"/>
        <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>
        <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置多数据源映射关系 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.datasource.test.util.database.DynamicDataSource">
        <property name="targetDataSources">
            <map key-type="java.lang.String">
                <entry key="dataSource1" value-ref="dataSource1"></entry>
                <entry key="dataSource2" value-ref="dataSource2"></entry>
                <entry key="dataSource3" value-ref="dataSource3"></entry>
            </map>
        </property>
    <!-- 默认目标数据源为你主库数据源 -->
        <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="dataSource1"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- JdbcTemplate使用动态数据源的配置 -->     
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">     
        <property name="dataSource">     
            <ref bean="dynamicDataSource" />     
        </property>     
    </bean>

接着我们还是接着上面的aop在一定规则下的配置

<aop:config expose-proxy="true">
<aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.jwdstef..service.impl..*.*(..))" />
<aop:aspect ref="readWriteInterceptor" order="1">
<aop:around pointcut-ref="txPointcut" method="readOrWriteDB"/>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
 
<bean id="readWriteInterceptor" class="com.test.ReadWriteInterceptor">
   <property name="readMethodList">
     <list>
       <value>query*</value>
       <value>use*</value>
       <value>get*</value>
       <value>count*</value>
       <value>find*</value>
       <value>list*</value>
       <value>search*</value>
    </list>
  </property>
 
<property name="writeMethodList">
    <list>
        <value>save*</value>
        <value>add*</value>
        <value>create*</value>
        <value>insert*</value>
        <value>update*</value>
        <value>merge*</value>
        <value>del*</value>
        <value>remove*</value>
        <value>put*</value>
        <value>write*</value>
   </list>
</property>
</bean>

配置的切面类是ReadWriteInterceptor。这样当Mapper接口的方法被调用时,会先调用这个切面类的readOrWriteDB方法。在这里需要注意<aop:aspect>中的order="1" 配置,主要是为了解决切面于切面之间的优先级问题,因为整个系统中不太可能只有一个切面类。

public class ReadWriteInterceptor {
   private static final String DB_SERVICE = "dbService";
   private List<String> readMethodList = new ArrayList<String>();
   private List<String> writeMethodList = new ArrayList<String>();
   public Object readOrWriteDB(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        String methodName = pjp.getSignature().getName();
        if (isChooseReadDB(methodName)) {
            //选择slave数据源
            DataSourceHolder.setDataSource("data1");
        } else if (isChooseWriteDB(methodName)) {
           //选择master数据源
           DataSourceHolder.setDataSource("data2");
        } else {
          //选择master数据源
          DataSourceHolder.setDataSource("data1");
        }
       return pjp.proceed();
}
 
 private boolean isChooseWriteDB(String methodName) {
     for (String mappedName : this.writeMethodList) {
         if (isMatch(methodName, mappedName)) {
             return true;
         }
     }
    return false;
}
 
 private boolean isChooseReadDB(String methodName) {
    for (String mappedName : this.readMethodList) {
       if (isMatch(methodName, mappedName)) {
           return true;
       }
    }
    return false;
}
 
 private boolean isMatch(String methodName, String mappedName) {
    return PatternMatchUtils.simpleMatch(mappedName, methodName);
}
 
 public List<String> getReadMethodList() {
    return readMethodList;
 }
 
 public void setReadMethodList(List<String> readMethodList) {
   this.readMethodList = readMethodList;
}
 
 public List<String> getWriteMethodList() {
    return writeMethodList;
 }
 
 public void setWriteMethodList(List<String> writeMethodList) {
    this.writeMethodList = writeMethodList;
}

一般来说,是一主多从,即一个master库,多个slave库的,所以还得解决多个slave库之间负载均衡、故障转移以及失败重连接等问题。

1、负载均衡问题,slave不多,系统并发读不高的话,直接使用随机数访问也是可以的。就是根据slave的台数,然后产生随机数,随机的访问slave。

2、故障转移,如果发现connection获取不到了,则把它从slave列表中移除,等其回复后,再加入到slave列表中

3、失败重连,第一次连接失败后,可以多尝试几次,如尝试10次。

posted @ 2016-03-15 15:01  文和-Mignet  阅读(1105)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报