linux系统编程之文件与IO(四):目录访问相关系统调用
1. 目录操作相关的系统调用
1.1 mkdir和rmdir系统调用
1.1.1 实例
1.2 chdir, getcwd系统调用
1.2.1 实例
1.3 opendir, closedir, readdir,
1.3.1 实例:递归便利目录
1. 目录操作相关的系统调用
1.1 mkdir和rmdir系统调用
[code]
filename: mk_rm_dir.c
#include <sys/stat.h>
int mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode);
return:
S 0
F -1
note:
mode权限至少要有执行权限。
[/code]
[code]
#include <unistd.h>
int rmdir(const char *pathname);
return:
S 0
F -1
note:
pathname目录必须是空目录。
1.1.1 实例
#include <unistd.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <assert.h> #define MODE (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH) int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char *pname; assert(argc == 2); pname = argv[1]; assert(mkdir(pname, MODE) == 0); printf("create %s successful!\n", pname); assert(rmdir(pname) == 0); printf("rm %s\n", pname); return 0; }
测试:
[qtlldr@qtldr editing]$ ./mk_rm_dir testdir
create testdir successful!
rm testdir
[qtlldr@qtldr editing]$
1.2 chdir, getcwd系统调用
#include <unistd.h>
int chdir(const char *pathname);
return:
S 0
F -1
#include <unistd.h>
char *getpwd(char *buf, size_t size);
return:
S buf
F NULL
buf是缓冲地址,size是buf的长度。该缓冲必须有足够的长度以容纳绝对路径名加上一个null终止符。
1.2.1 实例
[code]
filename:ch_get_dir.c
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <assert.h> #define BUFSIZE (50) int main(void) { char buf[BUFSIZE]; memset((void *)buf, '\0', sizeof buf); assert(chdir("/tmp") == 0); printf("chdir to /tmp successful\n"); assert(getcwd(buf, BUFSIZE) != NULL); printf("now the directory is %s\n", buf); return 0; }
测试:
[qtlldr@qtldr editing]$ ./ch_get_dir
chdir to /tmp successful
now the directory is /tmp
[qtlldr@qtldr editing]$
1.3 opendir, closedir, readdir,
#include <sys/type.s>
#include <dirent.h>
DIR *opendir(const char *dirname);
return:
S DIR指针
F NULL
note:
DIR是一种目录结构,类似FILE。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
struct dirent *readir(DIR *dirp);
return:
S 一个指向保存目录流下一个目录项的dirent指针
F NULL
note:
struct dirent {
char d_name[NAME + 1]; /* \0结尾的文件名 */
}
到达目录尾或出错返回NULL,但是到达目录尾不会设置errno,出错则设置。
如果在readir的同时有其他进程在目录中创建或者删除文件爱你,readdir不保证能列处该目录中所有文件。
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
int closedir(DIR *dirp);
return:
S 0
F -1
1.3.1 实例:递归便利目录
filename:help.txt 帮助文档
本程序只为学习linux目录操作而写
printdir
输出目录文件或者统计目录中的文件数目
语法:
printdir [option] <files...>
选项:
-l
输出目录下的文件名
-c
统计目录下的文件
-d n
指定最大层次,最大为30
默认行为:
如果没有指定选项,那么只输出该目录下的文件名
BUG:
-l与 -c选项不能同时使用,如果同时使用统计出错。(以后会修正)
本程序只为学习linux目录操作而写
filename:printdir.c
#include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define INDENT_DEPTH (4) /* 列举文件时的缩进数 */ #define DEPTH_MAX (30) /* 递归便利的最大层次 */ #define HELPFILE ("help.txt") typedef int count_t; struct nfiletype { count_t ndir; count_t nreg; count_t nchr; count_t nfifo; count_t nsock; count_t nchar; count_t nblock; count_t nlink; count_t ntotol; count_t nunknow; };/*记录各个类型文件的数目*/ int DEPTH = 20; /* 递归层级限制 */ int idepth_count = 1; int idepth_print = 1; static struct nfiletype *count_files(const char *pathname, struct nfiletype *nfile); static void printdir(const char *pathname, int indent); int main(int argc, char **argv) { int opt; int depth_opt; int count_flag = 0; int print_flag = 0; char *parg = NULL; struct nfiletype nfiles = {0}; int fd_help; char buf_help[BUFSIZ]; int nread_help; char *filename_help = HELPFILE; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "lhd:c")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'l': print_flag = 1; break; case 'c': count_flag = 1; break; case 'd': depth_opt = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10); DEPTH = depth_opt <= DEPTH_MAX ? depth_opt: DEPTH; break; case ':': printf("option needs a value\n"); break; case '?': printf("unknown option :%c\n", optopt); break; case 'h': fd_help = open(filename_help, O_RDONLY); if (fd_help != -1) { while ((nread_help = read(fd_help, buf_help, BUFSIZ)) > 0) { write(1, buf_help, nread_help); } close(fd_help); } else { fprintf(stderr, "open %s failed!\n", filename_help); } return 0; } } /* 如果没有选项,那么默认是打印目录 */ if (!print_flag && !count_flag) print_flag = 1; for( ; optind < argc; optind++) { parg = argv[optind]; if (print_flag) { //printf("DEBUG-- printdir --%s\n", parg); printdir(parg, 4); } if (count_flag) { memset((void *)&nfiles, '\0', sizeof nfiles); //printf("DEBUG-- count_files--%s\n", parg); count_files(parg, &nfiles); printf("In the %s there are :\n", parg); printf(" directory %d\n", nfiles.ndir); printf(" regular file %d\n", nfiles.nreg); printf(" specal character file %d\n", nfiles.nchr); printf(" special block file %d\n", nfiles.nblock); printf(" fifo file %d\n", nfiles.nfifo); printf(" sock file %d\n", nfiles.nsock); printf(" link file %d\n", nfiles.nlink); printf(" unknown file %d\n", nfiles.nunknow); printf("Total %d\n", nfiles.ntotol); } } return 0; } /* *function: 对该目录下的文件类型进行统计 * input arg: * pathname:目录名指针 * nfile:记录文件类型数目的结构体指针 * return: * 记录文件类型数目的结构体指针 */ static struct nfiletype *count_files(const char *pathname, struct nfiletype *nfile) { DIR *dp; struct dirent *entry; struct stat statbuf; //printf("DEBUG-- in count_files -- %s\n", pathname); /* 层次控制 */ if (idepth_count > DEPTH) return NULL; idepth_count++; if ((dp = opendir(pathname)) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "can not open %s\n", pathname); return NULL; } chdir(pathname); while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) { /* 跳过 . 和 .. */ if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) continue; /* 取得文件信息 */ if (lstat(entry->d_name, &statbuf) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "can not test the %s's type\n", entry->d_name); return NULL; } /* 统计文件数目 */ if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) { /* 是目录就递归吧 */ //printf("DEBUG -- directory %s\n", entry->d_name); count_files(entry->d_name, nfile); nfile->ndir++; } else if (S_ISREG(statbuf.st_mode)) { //printf("DEBUG -- regular file %s\n", entry->d_name); nfile->nreg++; } else if (S_ISCHR(statbuf.st_mode)) nfile->nchr++; else if (S_ISBLK(statbuf.st_mode)) nfile->nblock++; else if (S_ISLNK(statbuf.st_mode)) nfile->nlink++; else if (S_ISFIFO(statbuf.st_mode)) nfile->nfifo++; else if (S_ISSOCK(statbuf.st_mode)) nfile->nsock++; else nfile->nunknow++; nfile->ntotol++; } chdir(".."); closedir(dp); return nfile; } /* nblock; *function:列出目录中的文件 nlink; *input arg: ntotol; * pathname: 目录名 *return: * void */ static void printdir(const char *pathname, int indent) { DIR *dp; struct dirent *entry; struct stat statbuf; /* 层次控制 */ if (idepth_print > DEPTH) return ; idepth_print++; if ((dp = opendir(pathname)) == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "can not open %s\n", pathname); return ; } chdir(pathname); while ((entry = readdir(dp)) != NULL) { /* 跳过 . 和 .. */ if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) continue; if (lstat(entry->d_name, &statbuf) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "can not test the %s's type\n", entry->d_name); return ; } if (S_ISDIR(statbuf.st_mode)) { /* 是目录就递归吧 */ printf("%*s%s/\n", indent," ", entry->d_name); printdir(entry->d_name, indent + INDENT_DEPTH); } else { printf("%*s%s\n", indent," ", entry->d_name); } } chdir(".."); closedir(dp); }
注:本文转自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26242642-id-2779802.html