selenium webdriver(6)---cookie相关操作

介绍selenium操作cookie之前，先简单介绍一下cookie的基础知识

cookie

cookie一般用来识别用户身份和记录用户状态，存储在客户端电脑上。IE的cookie文件路径(win7):

"C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Cookies"

如果windows下没有cookies文件夹，需要把隐藏受保护的系统文件夹前面的勾去掉；chrome的cookie路径(win7)：

"C:\Users\用户名\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Cookies"

IE把不同的cookie存储为不同的txt文件，所以每个文件都较小，chrome是存储在一个cookies文件中，该文件较大。

通过js操作cookie

可以通过如下方式添加方式

<html>
<head>
    <title>cookie演示</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
        function addCookie(){
            var date=new Date(); 
            var expiresDays=1; 
            //将date设置为1天以后的时间 
            date.setTime(date.getTime()+expiresDays*24*3600*1000); 
            //name设置为1天后过期 
            document.cookie="name=cookie;expires="+date.toGMTString();
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <input type="button" onclick="addCookie()" value="增加cookie">
</body>
</html>

IE浏览器会在上述文件夹下生成一个txt文件，内容即为刚才的键值对

chrome浏览器可以直接查看cookie,地址栏输入chrome://settings/content即可，注意过期时间是一天以后

想要获取cookie也很简单，把赋值语句倒过来写即可

<html>
<head>
    <title>cookie演示</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
        function addCookie(){
            var date=new Date(); 
            var expiresDays=1; 
            //将date设置为1天以后的时间 
            date.setTime(date.getTime()+expiresDays*24*3600*1000); 
            //name设置为1天后过期 
            document.cookie="name=cookie;expires="+date.toGMTString();
            
            var str=document.cookie;
            //按等号分割字符串
            var cookie=str.split("=");
            alert("cookie "+cookie[0]+"的值为"+cookie[1]);
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <input type="button" onclick="addCookie()" value="增加cookie">
</body>
</html>

cookie的删除采用设置cookie过期的方法，即把cookie的过期时间设置为过去的某个时间

<html>
<head>
    <title>cookie演示</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
        function addCookie(){
            var date=new Date(); 
            var expiresDays=1; 
            //将date设置为1天以前的时间即可删除此cookie
            date.setTime(date.getTime()-expiresDays*24*3600*1000); 
            //name设置为1天后过期 
            document.cookie="name=cookie;expires="+date.toGMTString();

            var str=document.cookie;
            //按等号分割字符串
            var cookie=str.split("=");
            alert("cookie "+cookie[0]+"的值为"+cookie[1]);
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <input type="button" onclick="addCookie()" value="增加cookie">
</body>
</html>

selenium 操作cookie

有了上面的介绍再来看selenium操作cookie的相关方法就很好理解了，和js是一样的道理,先通过js添加两个cookie(兼容chrome)

<html>
<head>
    <title>cookie演示</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
        function addCookie(){
            var date=new Date(); 
            var expiresDays=1; 
            //将date设置为1天以后过期
            date.setTime(date.getTime()+expiresDays*24*3600*1000); 
     
            document.cookie="name=test; path=/;expires="+date.toGMTString();
            document.cookie="value=selenium; path=/;expires="+date.toGMTString();
            var str=document.cookie;
            var cookies=str.split(";");
            for(var i=0;i<cookies.length;i++){
                var cookie=cookies[i].split("=");
                console.log("cookie "+cookie[0]+"的值为"+cookie[1]);
            }
                
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <input type="button" id="1" onclick="addCookie()" value="增加cookie">
</body>
</html>

获得cookie

有两种方法可以获得cookie，第一种是直接通过cookie名称来获取

 1 import java.util.Set;
 2 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 3 import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
 4 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 5 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 6 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 7 
 8 public class NewTest{
 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
10         System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 
11                 "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
12         WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
13         driver.get("http://localhost/cookie.html");
14     
15         //这两句不能省略
16         WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='1']"));
17         element.click();
18         
19         System.out.println(driver.manage().getCookieNamed("name"));
20         
21         Thread.sleep(3000);
22         driver.quit();      
23         }
24 }

输出如下

和我们在页面中添加的cookie是一样的，第二种是通过selenium提供的Cookie类获取，接口中有云：

 1 import java.util.Set;
 2 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 3 import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
 4 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 5 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 6 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 7 
 8 public class NewTest{
 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
10         System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 
11                 "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
12         WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
13         driver.get("http://localhost/cookie.html");
14     
15         //这两句不能省略
16         WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='1']"));
17         element.click();
18         
19         Set<Cookie> cookies=driver.manage().getCookies();
20         
21         System.out.println("cookie总数为"+cookies.size());
22         
23         for(Cookie cookie:cookies)
24             System.out.println("作用域："+cookie.getDomain()+", 名称："+cookie.getName()+
25                     ", 值："+cookie.getValue()+", 范围："+cookie.getPath()+
26                     ", 过期时间"+cookie.getExpiry());
27         Thread.sleep(3000);
28         driver.quit();      
29         }
30 }

输出大概是这样子

添加cookie

添加cookie就很简单了

 1 import java.util.Set;
 2 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 3 import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
 4 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 5 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 6 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 7 
 8 public class NewTest{
 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
10         System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 
11                 "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
12         WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
13         driver.get("http://localhost/cookie.html");
14     
15         //这两句不能省略
16         WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='1']"));
17         element.click();
18         
19         Cookie cookie=new Cookie("java","eclipse","/",null);
20         driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
21  
22         System.out.println(driver.manage().getCookieNamed("java"));
23         
24         Thread.sleep(3000);
25         driver.quit();      
26         }
27 }

可以看到，我们先是生成了一个cookie实例，然后通过addCookie方法添加cookie.参数的含义可以在cookie类的定义中找到，位于org.openqa.selenium.Cookie，下面是其中的一个

删除cookie

有三种途径：

deleteAllCookies 删除所有cookie
deleteCookie 删除指定的cookie，参数一个cookie对象
deleteCookieNamed 根据cookie名称删除

 1 import java.util.Set;
 2 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 3 import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
 4 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 5 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 6 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 7 
 8 public class NewTest{
 9     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
10         System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 
11                 "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
12         WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
13         driver.get("http://localhost/cookie.html");
14     
15         //这两句不能省略
16         WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='1']"));
17         element.click();
18         Cookie cookie=new Cookie("java","eclipse","/",null);
19         driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
20         
21         //删除名称为value的cookie
22         driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("value");
23         //删除刚才新增的cookie java
24         driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie);
25         
26         //输出现有cookie
27         Set<Cookie> cks=driver.manage().getCookies();
28         System.out.println("cookie总数为"+cks.size());
29         for(Cookie ck:cks)
30             System.out.println("作用域："+ck.getDomain()+", 名称："+ck.getName()+
31                     ", 值："+ck.getValue()+", 范围："+ck.getPath()+
32                     ", 过期时间"+ck.getExpiry());
33         
34         //删除全部cookie
35         driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
36         Set<Cookie> c=driver.manage().getCookies();
37         System.out.println("cookie总数为"+c.size());
38         
39         Thread.sleep(3000);
40         driver.quit();      
41         }
42 }

说了这么多，selenium来操作cookie到底有什么用呢？主要有两点：

1.测试web程序经常需要清楚浏览器缓存，以消除不同版本的影响，selenium就可以自动执行了，每次测试新版本前先清楚缓存文件

2.用来完成自动登陆的功能，无需再编写登录的公共方法了

现在有两个页面cookie.php为登录页面，login.php是登陆后跳转的页面，如果用户已经登录即已有用户的cookie就自动跳转到login.php.

cookie.php

<html>
<head>
    <title>cookie演示</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>
<body>
    <?php 
        if(isset($_COOKIE["username"])){
            echo "<script language='javascript' type='text/javascript'>";
            echo "window.location.href='login.php'";
            echo "</script>";
        }
    ?>
    <form action="login.php" method="post">
        <span>用户名：</span><input type="text" name="username" >
        <br>
        <span>密  码：</span><input type="password" name="password">
        <br>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" value="提交" onclick="addCookie()">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

<?php 
    setcookie("username",$_POST["username"]); 
    setcookie("password",$_POST["password"]);
    if(isset($_COOKIE["username"]))
        echo $_COOKIE["username"];
    else
        echo $_POST["username"];
 ?>

可以这样写selenium，就可以用用户eclipse自动登录了(忽略了密码验证)

 1 import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
 2 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 3 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 4 
 5 public class NewTest{
 6     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
 7         System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" , 
 8                 "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
 9         WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
10         driver.get("http://localhost/cookie.php");
11         driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
12         Cookie cookie=new Cookie("username","eclipse","/",null);
13         driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
14         Cookie cookie1=new Cookie("password","123@qq.com","/",null);
15         driver.manage().addCookie(cookie1);
16         driver.get("http://localhost/cookie.php");
17         
18         Thread.sleep(3000);
19         driver.quit();      
20         }
21 }

posted @ 2014-04-12 18:26 huntstack 阅读(1151) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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