如何使用python移除/删除非空文件夹？

移除/删除非空文件夹/目录的最有效方法是什么？

1.标准库参考：shutil.rmtree。
根据设计，rmtree在包含只读文件的文件夹树上失败。如果要删除文件夹，不管它是否包含只读文件，请使用

 import shutil
shutil.rmtree('/folder_name', ignore_errors=True)

2.从os.walk()上的python文档中：

 # Delete everything reachable from the directory named in 'top',
# assuming there are no symbolic links.
# CAUTION:  This is dangerous!  For example, if top == '/', it
# could delete all your disk files.
import os
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(top, topdown=False):
    for name in files:
        os.remove(os.path.join(root, name))
    for name in dirs:
        os.rmdir(os.path.join(root, name))

3.从python 3.4可以使用：

 import pathlib
 
def delete_folder(pth) :
    for sub in pth.iterdir() :
        if sub.is_dir() :
            delete_folder(sub)
        else :
            sub.unlink()
    pth.rmdir() # if you just want to delete dir content, remove this line

其中pth是pathlib.Path实例。很好，但可能不是最快的。

 import os
import stat
import shutil
 
def errorRemoveReadonly(func, path, exc):
    excvalue = exc[1]
    if func in (os.rmdir, os.remove) and excvalue.errno == errno.EACCES:
        # change the file to be readable,writable,executable: 0777
        os.chmod(path, stat.S_IRWXU | stat.S_IRWXG | stat.S_IRWXO)  
        # retry
        func(path)
    else:
        # raiseenter code here
 
shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=errorRemoveReadonly)

如果设置了ignore_errors，则忽略错误；否则，如果设置了onerror，则调用它以使用参数(func、path、exc_info)处理错误，其中func是os.listdir、os.remove或os.rmdir；path是导致函数失败的函数的参数；exc_info是sys.exc_info()返回的元组。如果"忽略错误"为"假"，而"OnError"为"无"，则会引发异常。请在此处输入代码。

只需一些python3.5选项就可以完成上面的答案

删除空文件夹

 import os
import shutil
from send2trash import send2trash # (shutil delete permanently)
 
root = r"C:\Users\Me\Desktop\test"  
for dir, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):  
    if subdirs == [] and files == []:
           send2trash(dir)
           print(dir,": folder removed")
   # 如果文件夹包含此文件，请同时删除它
   elif subdirs == [] and len(files) == 1: # if contains no sub folder and only 1 file
        if files[0]=="desktop.ini" or:  
            send2trash(dir)
            print(dir,": folder removed")
        else:
            print(dir)
 
    #删除仅包含.srt或.txt文件的文件夹
    elif subdirs == []: #if dir doesn’t contains subdirectory
        ext = (".srt",".txt")
        contains_other_ext=0
        for file in files:
            if not file.endswith(ext):  
                contains_other_ext=True
        if contains_other_ext== 0:
                send2trash(dir)
                print(dir,": dir deleted")

如果文件夹大小小于400KB，则删除该文件夹：

 def get_tree_size(path):
   """Return total size of files in given path and subdirs."""
    total = 0
    for entry in os.scandir(path):
        if entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False):
            total += get_tree_size(entry.path)
        else:
            total += entry.stat(follow_symlinks=False).st_size
    return total
 
 
for dir, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):  
    If get_tree_size(dir) < 400000:  # ≈ 400kb
        send2trash(dir)
    print(dir,"dir deleted")

如果您确定要删除整个目录树，并且对目录的内容不再感兴趣，那么对整个目录树进行爬行是愚蠢的…只需从python调用本机操作系统命令即可。它将更快、更高效，而且内存消耗更少。

 RMDIR c:\blah /s /q

或* nix

 rm -rf /home/whatever

在Python中，代码看起来像..

 import sys
import os
 
mswindows = (sys.platform =="win32")
 
def getstatusoutput(cmd):
   """Return (status, output) of executing cmd in a shell."""
    if not mswindows:
        return commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
    pipe = os.popen(cmd + ' 2>&1', 'r')
    text = pipe.read()
    sts = pipe.close()
    if sts is None: sts = 0
    if text[-1:] == '
': text = text[:-1]
    return sts, text
 
 
def deleteDir(path):
   """deletes the path entirely"""
    if mswindows:
        cmd ="RMDIR"+ path +" /s /q"
    else:
        cmd ="rm -rf"+path
    result = getstatusoutput(cmd)
    if(result[0]!=0):
        raise RuntimeError(result[1])

从docs.python.org：

 This example shows how to remove a directory tree on Windows where
some of the files have their read-only bit set. It uses the onerror
callback to clear the readonly bit and reattempt the remove.

 import os, stat
import shutil
 
def remove_readonly(func, path, _):
   "Clear the readonly bit and reattempt the removal"
    os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)
    func(path)
 
shutil.rmtree(directory, onerror=remove_readonly)

在删除之前检查文件夹是否存在，这样更可靠。

 import shutil
def remove_folder(path):
    # check if folder exists
    if os.path.exists(path):
         # remove if exists
         shutil.rmtree(path)
    else:
         # throw your exception to handle this special scenario
         raise XXError("your exception")
remove_folder("/folder_name")

如果您不想使用shutil模块，可以只使用os模块。

 from os import listdir, rmdir, remove
for i in listdir(directoryToRemove):
    os.remove(os.path.join(directoryToRemove, i))
rmdir(directoryToRemove) # Now the directory is empty of files
 
def deleteDir(dirPath):
    deleteFiles = []
    deleteDirs = []
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dirPath):
        for f in files:
            deleteFiles.append(os.path.join(root, f))
        for d in dirs:
            deleteDirs.append(os.path.join(root, d))
    for f in deleteFiles:
        os.remove(f)
    for d in deleteDirs:
        os.rmdir(d)
    os.rmdir(dirPath)

为了简单起见，可以使用os.system命令：

 import os
os.system("rm -rf dirname")

很明显，它实际上调用系统终端来完成这个任务。

删除一个文件夹，即使它可能不存在(避免了Charles Chow的答案中的竞争条件)，但当其他事情出错时仍有错误(例如权限问题、磁盘读取错误、文件不是目录)
对于Python 3 .x：

 import shutil
 
def ignore_absent_file(func, path, exc_inf):
    except_instance = exc_inf[1]
    if isinstance(except_instance, FileNotFoundError):
        return
    raise except_instance
 
shutil.rmtree(dir_to_delete, onerror=ignore_absent_file)

通过os.walk，我将提出由3个一行程序python调用组成的解决方案：

 python -c"import sys; import os; [os.chmod(os.path.join(rs,d), 0o777) for rs,ds,fs in os.walk(_path_) for d in ds]"
python -c"import sys; import os; [os.chmod(os.path.join(rs,f), 0o777) for rs,ds,fs in os.walk(_path_) for f in fs]"
python -c"import os; import shutil; shutil.rmtree(_path_, ignore_errors=False)"

第一个脚本chmod的所有子目录，第二个脚本chmod的所有文件。然后，第三个脚本会毫无障碍地删除所有内容。
我在Jenkins工作中的"shell脚本"中对此进行了测试(我不想将新的python脚本存储到SCM中，这就是为什么搜索单行解决方案)，它适用于Linux和Windows。

使用python 3.7和linux仍然有不同的方法：

 import subprocess
from pathlib import Path
 
#using pathlib.Path
path = Path('/path/to/your/dir')
subprocess.run(["rm","-rf", str(path)])
 
#using strings
path ="/path/to/your/dir"
subprocess.run(["rm","-rf", path])

本质上，它使用python的子进程模块来运行bash脚本$ rm -rf '/path/to/your/dir，就好像使用终端来完成相同的任务一样。它不是完全的python，但它可以完成。

我将pathlib.Path示例包括在内的原因是，根据我的经验，它在处理许多变化的路径时非常有用。导入pathlib.Path模块并将最终结果转换为字符串的额外步骤对于我的开发时间来说通常会降低成本。如果Path.rmdir()带有一个arg选项来显式处理非空的dir，那就方便了。

对于Windows，如果目录不是空的，并且您有只读文件，或者收到如下错误：

 Access is denied
The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process

试试这个，os.system('rmdir /S /Q"{}"'.format(directory))。
它相当于Linux/Mac中的rm -rf。

我找到了一种非常简单的方法来删除Windows操作系统上的任何文件夹(甚至不是空的)或文件。

 os.system('powershell.exe  rmdir -r D:\workspace\Branches\*%s* -Force' %CANDIDATE_BRANCH)

参考：
https://www.codenong.com/303200/

posted @ 2020-03-19 11:30 michaelchengjl 阅读(3472) 评论(0) 编辑收藏举报

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	import shutil
	shutil.rmtree('/folder_name', ignore_errors=True)

	# Delete everything reachable from the directory named in 'top',
	# assuming there are no symbolic links.
	# CAUTION: This is dangerous! For example, if top == '/', it
	# could delete all your disk files.
	import os
	for root, dirs, files in os.walk(top, topdown=False):
	for name in files:
	os.remove(os.path.join(root, name))
	for name in dirs:
	os.rmdir(os.path.join(root, name))

	import pathlib

	def delete_folder(pth) :
	for sub in pth.iterdir() :
	if sub.is_dir() :
	delete_folder(sub)
	else :
	sub.unlink()
	pth.rmdir() # if you just want to delete dir content, remove this line

	import os
	import stat
	import shutil

	def errorRemoveReadonly(func, path, exc):
	excvalue = exc[1]
	if func in (os.rmdir, os.remove) and excvalue.errno == errno.EACCES:
	# change the file to be readable,writable,executable: 0777
	os.chmod(path, stat.S_IRWXU \| stat.S_IRWXG \| stat.S_IRWXO)
	# retry
	func(path)
	else:
	# raiseenter code here

	shutil.rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=errorRemoveReadonly)

	import os
	import shutil
	from send2trash import send2trash # (shutil delete permanently)

	root = r"C:\Users\Me\Desktop\test"
	for dir, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):
	if subdirs == [] and files == []:
	send2trash(dir)
	print(dir,": folder removed")
	# 如果文件夹包含此文件，请同时删除它
	elif subdirs == [] and len(files) == 1: # if contains no sub folder and only 1 file
	if files[0]=="desktop.ini" or:
	send2trash(dir)
	print(dir,": folder removed")
	else:
	print(dir)

	#删除仅包含.srt或.txt文件的文件夹
	elif subdirs == []: #if dir doesn’t contains subdirectory
	ext = (".srt",".txt")
	contains_other_ext=0
	for file in files:
	if not file.endswith(ext):
	contains_other_ext=True
	if contains_other_ext== 0:
	send2trash(dir)
	print(dir,": dir deleted")

	def get_tree_size(path):
	"""Return total size of files in given path and subdirs."""
	total = 0
	for entry in os.scandir(path):
	if entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False):
	total += get_tree_size(entry.path)
	else:
	total += entry.stat(follow_symlinks=False).st_size
	return total


	for dir, subdirs, files in os.walk(root):
	If get_tree_size(dir) < 400000: # ≈ 400kb
	send2trash(dir)
	print(dir,"dir deleted")

	import sys
	import os

	mswindows = (sys.platform =="win32")

	def getstatusoutput(cmd):
	"""Return (status, output) of executing cmd in a shell."""
	if not mswindows:
	return commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)
	pipe = os.popen(cmd + ' 2>&1', 'r')
	text = pipe.read()
	sts = pipe.close()
	if sts is None: sts = 0
	if text[-1:] == '
	': text = text[:-1]
	return sts, text


	def deleteDir(path):
	"""deletes the path entirely"""
	if mswindows:
	cmd ="RMDIR"+ path +" /s /q"
	else:
	cmd ="rm -rf"+path
	result = getstatusoutput(cmd)
	if(result[0]!=0):
	raise RuntimeError(result[1])

	This example shows how to remove a directory tree on Windows where
	some of the files have their read-only bit set. It uses the onerror
	callback to clear the readonly bit and reattempt the remove.

	import os, stat
	import shutil

	def remove_readonly(func, path, _):
	"Clear the readonly bit and reattempt the removal"
	os.chmod(path, stat.S_IWRITE)
	func(path)

	shutil.rmtree(directory, onerror=remove_readonly)

	import shutil
	def remove_folder(path):
	# check if folder exists
	if os.path.exists(path):
	# remove if exists
	shutil.rmtree(path)
	else:
	# throw your exception to handle this special scenario
	raise XXError("your exception")
	remove_folder("/folder_name")

	from os import listdir, rmdir, remove
	for i in listdir(directoryToRemove):
	os.remove(os.path.join(directoryToRemove, i))
	rmdir(directoryToRemove) # Now the directory is empty of files

	def deleteDir(dirPath):
	deleteFiles = []
	deleteDirs = []
	for root, dirs, files in os.walk(dirPath):
	for f in files:
	deleteFiles.append(os.path.join(root, f))
	for d in dirs:
	deleteDirs.append(os.path.join(root, d))
	for f in deleteFiles:
	os.remove(f)
	for d in deleteDirs:
	os.rmdir(d)
	os.rmdir(dirPath)

	import shutil

	def ignore_absent_file(func, path, exc_inf):
	except_instance = exc_inf[1]
	if isinstance(except_instance, FileNotFoundError):
	return
	raise except_instance

	shutil.rmtree(dir_to_delete, onerror=ignore_absent_file)

	python -c"import sys; import os; [os.chmod(os.path.join(rs,d), 0o777) for rs,ds,fs in os.walk(_path_) for d in ds]"
	python -c"import sys; import os; [os.chmod(os.path.join(rs,f), 0o777) for rs,ds,fs in os.walk(_path_) for f in fs]"
	python -c"import os; import shutil; shutil.rmtree(_path_, ignore_errors=False)"

	import subprocess
	from pathlib import Path

	#using pathlib.Path
	path = Path('/path/to/your/dir')
	subprocess.run(["rm","-rf", str(path)])

	#using strings
	path ="/path/to/your/dir"
	subprocess.run(["rm","-rf", path])

	Access is denied
	The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process