Hibernate的一对多实例

一对多在现实生活中很常见,今天做了个Hibernate的一对多的实例,也是个入门过程,写下来跟大家分享。

 

最重要的是xml配置文件,之前因为把英文"(引号)错误的复制成中文的“”(引号),导致后面编译各种出问题,排查了好久,也百度了各种博客,最后发现是引号的问题。

 

在现实生活中,部门和员工的关系属于一对多的,一个部门有多个员工,一个员工属于一个部门。

第一步,创建Java工程,名字为HibernateMapping,把Hibernate的jar包和sql server的jar包(或者mysql的jar包)导入进来,并创建Employee,Department实体类和xml配置文件。目录结构和hibernate包如下:

第二步,编辑Employee和Department实体类,代码如下:

 1 package cn.hibernate.onetomany;
 2 
 3 public class Employee {
 4     private int empNo;//工号
 5     private String empName;//姓名
 6     private Department dep;//部门
 7     public int getEmpNo() {
 8         return empNo;
 9     }
10     public void setEmpNo(int empNo) {
11         this.empNo = empNo;
12     }
13     public String getEmpName() {
14         return empName;
15     }
16     public void setEmpName(String empName) {
17         this.empName = empName;
18     }
19     public Department getDep() {
20         return dep;
21     }
22     public void setDep(Department dep) {
23         this.dep = dep;
24     }
25     public Employee(int empNo, String empName, Department dep) {
26         
27         this.empNo = empNo;
28         this.empName = empName;
29         this.dep = dep;
30     }
31     
32     public Employee(){
33         
34     }
35 }
Employee.java
 1 package cn.hibernate.onetomany;
 2 
 3 import java.util.HashSet;
 4 import java.util.Set;
 5 
 6 public class Department {
 7     private int depId;//部门号
 8     private String depName;//部门名
 9     private Set<Employee> emps = new HashSet<Employee>();
10     public int getDepId() {
11         return depId;
12     }
13     public void setDepId(int depId) {
14         this.depId = depId;
15     }
16     public String getDepName() {
17         return depName;
18     }
19     public void setDepName(String depName) {
20         this.depName = depName;
21     }
22     public Set<Employee> getEmps() {
23         return emps;
24     }
25     public void setEmps(Set<Employee> emps) {
26         this.emps = emps;
27     }
28     
29     public Department(int depId, String depName, Set<Employee> emps) {
30         this.depId = depId;
31         this.depName = depName;
32         this.emps = emps;
33     }
34     
35     public Department(){
36         
37     }
38 }
Department.java

两个实体类的代码要注意的是它们要有属性的get和set方法,而且在部门类中有员工的集合,员工类中有部门的属性。

第三步,编辑hibernate的核心配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml,代码如下:

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC  
 3     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"  
 4     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
 5     
 6     <hibernate-configuration>
 7         <session-factory>
 8             
 9             <property name="hibernate.connection.dialect">
10                 org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2005Dialect
11                 <!--mysql的方言:org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect-->
12             </property>
13         
14             <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">
15                 com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
16                 <!--mysql的驱动:com.mysql.jdbc.Driver-->
17             </property>
18             
19             <property name="hibernate.connection.url">
20                 jdbc:sqlserver://10.86.57.121:1433;DatabaseName=HibernateDemo;
21                 <!--mysql的数据库:jdbc:mysql:///hibernate_demo-->
22             </property>
23             
24             <property name="hibernate.connection.username">sa<!--mysql的登录名:root --></property>
25             <property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
26             
27             <!-- 
28             <property name=“hibernate.show_sql”>true</property>
29             <property name=“hibernate.format_sql”>true</property>  
30             <property name=“hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto”>create</property>
31             -->
32             <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
33             <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
34             <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
35              
36             <mapping resource="cn/hibernate/onetomany/department.hbm.xml" />
37             <mapping resource="cn/hibernate/onetomany/employee.hbm.xml"/>
38         </session-factory>
39     </hibernate-configuration>
hibernate.cfg.xml

这个配置文件很重要,我出的各种问题都在这里,比如中文引号和约束文件:

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC  
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"  
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

有的博客写的是http://www.hibernate.org/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd什么的,结果导致hibernate无法加载,所以还是用http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd靠谱

第四步,编辑hibernate的映射文件,代码如下:

 

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
 3     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
 4     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
 5     
 6     <hibernate-mapping>
 7         <class name="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Employee" table="t_emp">
 8             <id name="empNo" column="empNo">
 9                 <generator class="native"></generator>
10             </id>
11             
12             <property name="empName"></property>
13             <!-- name是一的一方的属性,即在Employee.java中定义的private Department那个变量
14                  column是外键,这个要跟另一个映射文件的外键一致
15              -->
16             <many-to-one name="dep" column="dep_emp_id" class="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Department"></many-to-one>
17         </class>
18     </hibernate-mapping>
employee.hbm.xml

 

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
 3     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN"
 4     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
 5     
 6     <hibernate-mapping>
 7         <class name="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Department" table="t_dep">
 8             <id name="depId" column="depId" type="int">
 9                 <generator class="native"></generator>
10             </id>
11             
12             <property name="depName"></property>
13             <!-- name是多的一方的属性,即在Department.java中定义的private Set<Employee>那个变量 -->
14             <set name="emps">
15                 <!-- column是外键,和另一个映射文件的外键对应 -->
16                 <key column="dep_emp_id"></key>
17                 <one-to-many class="cn.hibernate.onetomany.Employee"/>
18             </set>
19         </class>    
20     </hibernate-mapping>
department.hbm.xml

这两个配置文件也很重要,而且比较难理解,一定要注意谁是多的一方,谁是一的一方

第五步,编写测试程序MainTest.java,代码如下:

 1 package cn.hibernate.onetomany;
 2 
 3 import org.hibernate.Session;
 4 import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
 5 import org.hibernate.Transaction;
 6 import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
 7 import org.junit.Test;
 8 
 9 public class MainTest {
10     @Test
11     public void test(){
12         Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
13         SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
14         Session session = null;
15         
16         session = factory.openSession();
17         Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
18         
19         Department dep = new Department();
20         dep.setDepName("Waijiao");
21         Employee em1 = new Employee();
22         Employee em2 = new Employee();
23         em1.setEmpName("Wangyi");
24         em2.setEmpName("Huachunying");
25         
26         dep.getEmps().add(em1);
27         dep.getEmps().add(em2);
28         em1.setDep(dep);
29         em2.setDep(dep);
30         
31         session.save(dep);
32         session.save(em1);
33         session.save(em2);
34         
35         System.out.println("Add Success!");
36         tx.commit();
37     }
38 }
MainTest.java

这个是测试,也可以写成main主函数,但是那样要有捕获异常以及事务回滚等操作。

 

最后,Run as JUnit Test,再查看数据库,新建了t_dep和t_emp表,查询两个表的结果,都已经更新完成。

外交部,里面有我们酷酷的王毅部长和亲爱的华春莹,中国必强~

 

欢迎大家留言讨论

 

posted @ 2017-06-02 14:50  面条啊Andrew  阅读(182)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报