基于Nginx和uWSGI在Ubuntu上部署Django项目
前言：
对于做Django web项目的童鞋，重要性不言而喻。
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/alwaysInMe/p/9096565.html
https://blog.csdn.net/yjdlailin/article/details/50879449
一、几条命令
# 查看是否有 uwsgi 相关的进程 ps -aux|grep "uwsgi" 或者 ps -ef|grep uwsgi # 杀死有关 uwsgi 相关的进程 pkill -9 uwsgi
二、安装环境
安装python
略
安装uwsgi
用python的pip安装最简单： apt-get install python-dev #不安装这个，下面的安装可能会失败 pip install uwsgi
安装nginx
apt-get install nginx
三、配置nginx和uwsgi配置
uwsgi配置
[uwsgi] # socket协议，和下面http任意存在一个就可以了 # 使用http协议，监听端口，可以是 :8001(比socket多了一层封装) http = :8001 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx # 这里的:8001在nginx中也有用到 socket = :8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir = /path/to/your/project # Django's wsgi file wsgi-file = /path/to/your/project/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes # 该项目使用的进程数，一般使用电脑的 核数 processes = 4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads = 2 # 指定静态文件 static-map=/static=path/to/static #monitor uwsgi status stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true pidfile = path/to/logs/uwsgi.pid daemonize = path/to/logs/uwsgi.log
nginx配置
user nginx;
worker_processes 5;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
upstream django {
server 127.0.0.1:8001;
}
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
error_log logs/error.log;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 1800;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80; # 80 是http默认的端口， 443 是https默认的端口（网页一般使用这两个端口）
server_name your server name; # 你访问的路径前面的url名称
#charset koi8-r;
charset utf-8;
client_max_body_size 5000M;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_connect_timeout 30;
uwsgi_pass django; # 如果上面写别名了，那么，这里还可以直接使用别名
}
location /static {
alias path/to/static/;
}
location /media {
alias path/to/media/;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
四、修改Django配置
# 将debug模式改成False
DEBUG = False
# 允许访问的 host， 可以写成单独的 host， 也可以直接写 "*"，代表全部
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*', ]
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# 修改 静态文件的位置
if DEBUG:
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),
)
else:
STATIC_ROOT = 'path/to/static'
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
if DEBUG:
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
else:
MEDIA_ROOT = 'path/to/media'
五、基于uwsgi和nginx部署Django
1.原理
the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django
2.基本测试
测试uwsgi是否正常
在django项目的根目录下创建test.py文件，添加源码如下：
# test.py
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return ["Hello World"] # python2
#return [b"Hello World"] # python3
然后，Run uWSGI:
uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py
参数含义:
http :8000: 使用http协议，8000端口wsgi-filetest.py: 加载指定文件 test.py
打开下面url，浏览器上应该显示hello world
http://example.com:8000
如果显示正确，说明下面3个环节是通畅的：
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Python
测试Django项目是否正常
首先确保project本身是正常的：
python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
如果没问题，使用uWSGI把project拉起来：
uwsgi --http :8000 --module mysite.wsgi
参数含义:
module mysite.wsgi: 加载wsgi module
如果project能够正常被拉起，说明以下环节是通的：
the web client <-> uWSGI <-> Django
六、收集静态文件
python manage.py collectstatic
这条命令会将所有 Django 项目的静态文件搜集到上面配置中的，静态文件的位置
七、启动服务
启动nginx
sudo service nginx start
启动uwsgi
uwsgi uwsgi.ini
附：
# 启动nginx sudo service nginx start # 停止nginx sudo service nginx stop # 重启nginx sudo service nginx restart
