HTML5的Histroy API
History API在各浏览器下的支持情况:
不支持 | 4.0+ | 5.0+ | 8.0+ | 不支持 |
比较典型的是GitHub,在点击代码文件夹和文件时,会发现它的url地址栏变换了、标题栏变化了、前进后退按钮也变化了(跟新开了一个新页面感觉一样),但体验起来很平滑(外层框架的内容没有重新加载,例如:登录信息、是否关注主人等),然后是ajax载入新内容。
history在HTML4的时代里,有如下几个方法和属性,应该很熟悉:
length、back()、forward()、go([delta])
在HTML5中又添加了两个方法:
pushState(data, title[,url])、replaceStage(data, this [,url])
需要注意的是在使用replaceStage,传入的url必须和当前页的协议、所在域完全相同(即使不同的子域都不行),否则会提示安全错误。
更多内容可以参考:
http://diveintohtml5.org/history.html
http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec-author-view/history.html
如果想在兼容其它老浏览器,可以使用History.js
这里写了一个测试实例,参考至:http://html5demos.com/history
因为URL变换了,而在刷新的时候页面又不能进行跳转,此时需要在自己的web服务器上写一些规则了(我本机使用的是nginx),在server_name为meteoric.com的vhost中添加如下规则:
location ~ ^/history/.*$ {
rewrite ^/history/.*$ /html5/history/index.html last;
}
页面访问路径是:http://meteoric.com/history/
这样即使我刷新页面,所有以history开头的请求,都将转至http://meteoric.com/history/index.html
/=======/
1、因为页面没有跳转,所以在点击链接的时候可以使用ajax请求并渲染数据(类似github的效果)
2、进页面,可以获取到当前URL,然后正则取出histroy其后的内容,判定加载哪一种资源
页面完整的HTML代码:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=utf-8 />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=620" />
<title>HTML5__History API</title>
<style>
body {
font: normal 16px/20px "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif;
background: rgb(237, 237, 236);
margin: 0;
margin-top: 40px;
padding: 0;
}
section, header, footer {
display: block;
}
#wrapper {
width: 600px;
margin: 0 auto;
background-color: #fff;
-moz-border-radius: 10px;
-webkit-border-radius: 10px;
border-radius: 10px;
border-top: 1px solid #fff;
padding-bottom: 76px;
}
h1 {
padding-top: 10px;
}
h2 {
font-size: 100%;
font-style: italic;
}
header, article > *, footer > * {
margin: 20px;
}
footer > * {
margin: 20px;
color: #999;
}
#status {
padding: 5px;
color: #fff;
background: #ccc;
}
#status.fail {
background: #c00;
}
#status.success {
background: #0c0;
}
#status.offline {
background: #c00;
}
#status.online {
background: #0c0;
}
li {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
#examples {
padding-left: 20px;
}
#examples li {
list-style: square;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<section id="wrapper">
<article>
<p id="status">HTML5 History API not supported</p>
<p>最后一次触发的事件: <em><span id="lastevent">(none)</span></em></p>
<p>点击下面的链接进行测试,点击后页面的URL发生变化,但重新刷新后依旧停留于此页面。</p>
<p>可以使用浏览器原生的前进、后退按钮</p>
<ul id="examples">
<li><a href="/history/first">first</a></li>
<li><a href="/history/second">second</a></li>
<li><a href="/history/third">third</a></li>
<li><a href="/history/fourth">fourth</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="output"></div>
</article>
</section>
<script>1:
2:
3: var addEvent = (function () {4: if (document.addEventListener) {5: return function (el, type, fn) {6: if (el && el.nodeName || el === window) {7: el.addEventListener(type, fn, false);8: } else if (el && el.length) {9: for (var i = 0; i < el.length; i++) {10: addEvent(el[i], type, fn);
11: }
12: }
13: };
14: } else {15: return function (el, type, fn) {16: if (el && el.nodeName || el === window) {17: el.attachEvent('on' + type, function () { return fn.call(el, window.event); });18: } else if (el && el.length) {19: for (var i = 0; i < el.length; i++) {20: addEvent(el[i], type, fn);
21: }
22: }
23: };
24: }
25: })();
26:
27:
28:
29:
30: var $ = function (s) { return document.getElementById(s); },31: state = $('status'),32: lastevent = $('lastevent'),33: urlhistory = $('urlhistory'),34: examples = $('examples'),35: output = $('output'),36: template = '<p>URL: <strong>{url}</strong>, name: <strong>{name}</strong>, location: <strong>{location}</strong></p>',37: data = { // imagine these are ajax requests :)38: first : {
39: name: "张三",40: location: "北京"41: },
42: second: {
43: name: "李四",44: location: "上海"45: },
46: third: {
47: name: "王五",48: location: "重庆"49: },
50: fourth: {
51: name: "小六",52: location: "江苏,南京"53: }
54: };
55:
56: function reportEvent(event) {57: lastevent.innerHTML = event.type;58: }
59:
60: function reportData(data) {61: output.innerHTML = template.replace(/(:?\{(.*?)\})/g, function (a,b,c) {62: return data[c];63: });
64: }
65:
66: //检测浏览器对此特性的支持情况67: !(function() {68: if (typeof history.pushState === 'undefined') {69: state.className = '当前浏览器不支持HTML5 History API';70: } else {71: state.className = 'success';72: state.innerHTML = '当前浏览器支持HTML5 History API';73: }
74: })();
75:
76: addEvent(examples, 'click', function (event) {77: var title;78:
79: event.preventDefault();80: if (event.target.nodeName == 'A') {81: title = event.target.innerHTML;82: data[title].url = event.target.getAttribute('href'); // slightly hacky (the setting), using getAttribute to keep it short83: history.pushState(data[title], title, event.target.href);84: reportData(data[title]);
85: }
86: });
87:
88: addEvent(window, 'popstate', function (event) {89: var data = event.state;90: reportEvent(event);91: reportData(event.state || { url: "unknown", name: "undefined", location: "undefined" });92: });
93:
94: addEvent(window, 'hashchange', function (event) {95: reportEvent(event);96: });
97:
98: addEvent(window, 'pageshow', function (event) {99: reportEvent(event);100: });
101:
102: addEvent(window, 'pagehide', function (event) {103: reportEvent(event);104: });
105:
</script>
</body>
</html>
因为需要web服务器的支持,所以上述效果无法在blog中进行预览。需有兴趣,可搭建一个简单的环境进行测试~
如果有兴趣浏览兼容ie6+(无定时器)的history,可以阅读人人网前端开发人员的这篇文章:http://jingwei.li/blog/?p=183
之前我也写过一篇相关的文章:”不使用定时器实现的onhashchange”,代码有参阅人人网前台脚本(一时好奇就右击源码大致扫了一下)