java入门笔记五(springboot框架博客系统开发2)

继续博客网站后端的开发。

引入shiro和jwt. shiro用来缓存和会话信息,存储在redis里面,jwt作为跨域身份验证解决方案。

首先是常规jwt的逻辑图:

引入shiro之后的逻辑图

 

 

 

 

1 导入shiro和jwt,主要用于缓存和会话信息。首先需要装一下redis,本机mac安装步骤如下,安装之后配置自启动

step1:去官网下载redis稳定版
step2:解压,移动到你的mac的/user/local目录下
step3:开始执行命令:make  然后 make install
step4:进入redis的安装目录,启动redis服务:redis-server
step5 如果你想要你的redis在后台启动,修改redis.conf中的daemonize yes,然后重启服务:redis-server ./redis.conf

2 pom.xml导入shiro-redis的starter包:还有jwt的工具包,以及hutool工具包(utils类包)。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.crazycake</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-redis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hutool工具类-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
    <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jwt -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

3 重写shiro配置文件,首先新建一个com.blog.config.ShiroConfig类,意义如下

  • 引入RedisSessionDAO和RedisCacheManager,为了解决shiro的权限数据和会话信息能保存到redis中,实现会话共享。
  • 重写了SessionManager和DefaultWebSecurityManager,同时在DefaultWebSecurityManager中为了关闭shiro自带的session方式,我们需要设置为false,这样用户就不再能通过session方式登录shiro。后面将采用jwt凭证登录。
  • 在ShiroFilterChainDefinition中,我们不再通过编码形式拦截Controller访问路径,而是所有的路由都需要经过JwtFilter这个过滤器,然后判断请求头中是否含有jwt的信息,有就登录,没有就跳过。跳过之后,有Controller中的shiro注解进行再次拦截,比如@RequiresAuthentication,这样控制权限访问。

代码如下:

package com.blog.config;

import com.blog.shiro.AccountRealm;
import com.blog.shiro.JwtFilter;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.session.mgt.SessionManager;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.config.DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.config.ShiroFilterChainDefinition;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.web.session.mgt.DefaultWebSessionManager;
import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisCacheManager;
import org.crazycake.shiro.RedisSessionDAO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * shiro启用注解拦截控制器
 */
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    @Autowired
    JwtFilter jwtFilter;
    /**
     * session域管理
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public SessionManager sessionManager(RedisSessionDAO redisSessionDAO) {
        DefaultWebSessionManager sessionManager = new DefaultWebSessionManager();
        // inject redisSessionDAO 注入
        sessionManager.setSessionDAO(redisSessionDAO);
        // other stuff...
        return sessionManager;
    }

    /**
     * 重写shiro的安全管理容器,
     * @param
     * @param sessionManager
     * @param redisCacheManager
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager(AccountRealm accountRealm,
                                                   SessionManager sessionManager,
                                                   RedisCacheManager redisCacheManager) {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager(accountRealm);
        //inject sessionManager
        securityManager.setSessionManager(sessionManager);
        // inject redisCacheManager
        securityManager.setCacheManager(redisCacheManager);
        // other stuff...
        //关闭shiro自带的session,详情见文档
//        DefaultSubjectDAO subjectDAO = new DefaultSubjectDAO();
//        DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator defaultSessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultSessionStorageEvaluator();
//        defaultSessionStorageEvaluator.setSessionStorageEnabled(false);
//        subjectDAO.setSessionStorageEvaluator(defaultSessionStorageEvaluator);
//        securityManager.setSubjectDAO(subjectDAO);
        return securityManager;

    }

    /**
     * 在ShiroFilterChainDefinition中,我们不再通过编码形式拦截Controller访问路径,
     * 而是所有的路由都需要经过JwtFilter这个过滤器,然后判断请求头中是否含有jwt的信息,
     * 有就登录,没有就跳过。跳过之后,有Controller中的shiro注解进行再次拦截,
     * 比如@RequiresAuthentication,这样控制权限访问。
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition() {
        //申请一个默认的过滤器链
        DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition chainDefinition = new DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition();
        Map<String, String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        //添加一个jwt过滤器到过滤器链中
        filterMap.put("/**", "jwt"); // 主要通过注解方式校验权限
        chainDefinition.addPathDefinitions(filterMap);
        return chainDefinition;
    }

    /**
     * 过滤器工厂业务
     * @param securityManager
     * @param shiroFilterChainDefinition
     * @return
     */
    @Bean("shiroFilterFactoryBean")
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager securityManager,
                                                         ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition) {
        /*shiro过滤器bean对象*/
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        shiroFilter.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        // 需要添加的过滤规则
        Map<String, Filter> filters = new HashMap<>();
        filters.put("jwt", jwtFilter);
        shiroFilter.setFilters(filters);

        Map<String, String> filterMap = shiroFilterChainDefinition.getFilterChainMap();
        shiroFilter.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
        return shiroFilter;
    }


}

 

4 写shiro包的类,首先新建com.blog.shiro.AccountRealm类,继承shiro的AuthorizingRealm类并重写三个方法,

  • supports:为了让realm支持jwt的凭证校验
  • doGetAuthorizationInfo:权限校验
  • doGetAuthenticationInfo:登录认证校验

代码如下

package com.blog.shiro;

import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;
import com.blog.entity.User;
import com.blog.service.UserService;
import com.blog.utils.JwtUtils;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Slf4j        //可以使用log打印日志
@Component
public class AccountRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Autowired
    JwtUtils jwtUtils;

    @Autowired
    UserService userService;

    /**
     * 判断是否为jwt的token
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token) {
        return token instanceof JwtToken;
    }

    /**
     * 权限验证
     * @param principals
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 登录认证
     * @param token
     * @return
     * @throws AuthenticationException
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        JwtToken jwt = (JwtToken) token;
        // 将传入的AuthenticationToken强转JwtTokenJ
        log.info("jwt----------------->{}", jwt);
        // 获取jwtToken中的userId
        String userId = jwtUtils.getClaimByToken((String)jwt.getPrincipal()).getSubject();
        // 根据jwtToken中的userId查询数据库
        User user = userService.getById(Long.parseLong(userId));
        if(user == null) {
            throw new UnknownAccountException("账户不存在!");
        }
        if(user.getStatus() == -1) {
            throw new LockedAccountException("账户已被锁定!");
        }
        // 将可以显示的信息放在该载体中,对于密码这种隐秘信息不需要放在该载体中
        AccountProfile profile = new AccountProfile();
        BeanUtil.copyProperties(user, profile);
        log.info("profile----------------->{}", profile.toString());

        //封装成SimpleAuthenticationInfo返回给shiro
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(profile, jwt.getCredentials(), getName());
    }

}

 

5 创建JwtToken类,新建com.blog.shiro.JwtToken类,用来实现AuthenticationToken接口,因为shiro默认supports

支持的是UsernamePasswordToken,而我们采用jwt的方式,故需要定义一个JwtToken来重写该token。

package com.blog.shiro;

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;

/**
 * shiro默认supports支持的是UsernamePasswordToken,
 * 而我们采用jwt的方式,故需要定义一个JwtToken来重写该token。
 */
public class JwtToken implements AuthenticationToken {
    private String token;
    public JwtToken(String token) {
        this.token = token;
    }
    @Override
    public Object getPrincipal() {
        return token;
    }
    @Override
    public Object getCredentials() {
        return token;
    }

}

 

6 接着创建工具类com.blog.utils.JwtUtils类,用于生成和校验jwt,其中jwt相关的密钥信息是从项目的配置文件中获取的。

package com.blog.utils;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;

@Slf4j   //可以使用log打印日志
@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="blog.jwt") //配合application.properties 中加入的配置
public class JwtUtils {
    private String secret;
    private long expire;
    private String header;
    /**
     * 生成jwt token
     */
    public String generateToken(long userId) {
        return null;
    }

    // 获取jwt的信息
    public Claims getClaimByToken(String token) {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * token是否过期
     * @return  true:过期
     */
    public boolean isTokenExpired(Date expiration) {
        return expiration.before(new Date());
    }
}

 

在之前新建的src/main/resources/application.yml追加配置如下:

shiro-redis:
  enabled: true
  redis-manager:
    host: 127.0.0.1:6379
blog:
  jwt:
    # 加密秘钥
    secret: f4e2e52034348f86b67cde581c0f9abc
    # token有效时长,7天,单位秒
    expire: 604800
    header: token

7 加上登录成功返回的一个用户信息类AccountProfile,新增com.blog.shiro.AccountProfile类,

package com.blog.shiro;

import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
public class AccountProfile implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String avatar;
}

 

8 定义jwt的过滤器JwtFilter,继承Shiro内置的AuthenticatingFilter,内置了可以自动登录方法的的过滤器。重写4个方法

     createToken:实现登录,我们需要生成我们自定义支持的JwtToken

     onAccessDenied:拦截校验,当头部没有Authorization时候,我们直接通过,不需要自动登录;

                      当带有的时候,首先我们校验jwt的有效性,没问题我们就直接执行executeLogin方法实现自动登录

     onLoginFailure:登录异常时候进入的方法,我们直接把异常信息封装然后抛出

     preHandle:拦截器的前置拦截,因为我们是前后端分析项目,项目中除了需要跨域全局配置之外,

                      我们再拦截器中也需要提供跨域支持。这样,拦截器才不会在进入Controller之前就被限制了。

package com.blog.shiro;

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.blog.common.lang.Result;
import com.blog.utils.JwtUtils;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.ExpiredCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AuthenticatingFilter;
import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.AuthenticationFilter;
import org.apache.shiro.web.util.WebUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@Component
public class JwtFilter extends AuthenticatingFilter {
    @Autowired
    JwtUtils jwtUtils;

    /**
     * 实现登录,生成自定义的JwtToken
     * @param servletRequest
     * @param servletResponse
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationToken createToken(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws Exception {
        // 获取 token
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String jwt = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(jwt)){
            return null;
        }
        return new JwtToken(jwt);
    }

    /**
     * 拦截校验
     * @param servletRequest
     * @param servletResponse
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws Exception {
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        String token = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        //没有token,直接通过
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(token)) {
            return true;
        } else {
            // 判断是否已过期
            Claims claim = jwtUtils.getClaimByToken(token);
            if(claim == null || jwtUtils.isTokenExpired(claim.getExpiration())) {
                throw new ExpiredCredentialsException("token已失效,请重新登录!");
            }
        }
        // 执行自动登录
        return executeLogin(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 登录失败
     * @param token
     * @param e
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected boolean onLoginFailure(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationException e, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) {
        HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
        try {
            //处理登录失败的异常
            Throwable throwable = e.getCause() == null ? e : e.getCause();
            //获取登陆异常信息以自定义的Resut响应格式返回json数据
            Result r = Result.fail(throwable.getMessage());
            String json = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(r);
            httpResponse.getWriter().print(json);
        } catch (IOException e1) {
        }
        return false;
    }
    /**
     * 对跨域提供支持
     */
    @Override
    protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = WebUtils.toHttp(request);
        HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-control-Allow-Origin", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Origin"));
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET,POST,OPTIONS,PUT,DELETE");
        httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", httpServletRequest.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));
        // 跨域时会首先发送一个OPTIONS请求,这里我们给OPTIONS请求直接返回正常状态
        if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())) {
            httpServletResponse.setStatus(org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.OK.value());
            return false;
        }
        return super.preHandle(request, response);
    }
}

shiro整合完毕,并且使用了jwt进行身份校验。

 

 

posted @ 2021-03-16 16:45  阿拉蕾家的小铁匠  阅读(70)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报