Django之Modelform组件
Modelform组件
Modelform就是model和from两者结合起来的。它既有验证，又有数据库的操作
Modelform组件：
Modelform: a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS） field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段） localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据 如： 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示： 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常 # from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示，并提交 ##### # 默认保存多对多 obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多） obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息 obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...})
Modelform注意事项：
1、类
class Foo(ModelFrom): class Meta:
model=models.Role
#fields="__all__" 所有的字段 #fields=['caption',] 只取caption这个字段
#xclude=['caption'] 除caption这个字段外不取，剩余的都取
error_massages={
'title':{'required':'名称不能为空','invalid':'格式错误'}
}
widgets={
'title':wd.TextInput(attrs={'class':'c1'})
}
2.添加：
GET：
form=Foo()
POST:
form=Foo(instaance=obj,data=request.POST)
form.save()
示列(增删改查)：
url:
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^role/$', views.role), url(r'^role/add/$', views.role_add), url(r'^role/edit/(\d+)/$', views.role_edit), url(r'^usertype/$', views.user_type), url(r'^usertype/add/$', views.user_type_add), url(r'^usertype/edit/(\d+)/$', views.user_type_edit), #url(r'^role.html$', admin.site.urls), ]
views:
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse from app01 import models from django.forms import Form,ModelForm from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets as wd def role(request): roles = models.Role.objects.all() return render(request,'role.html',{'roles':roles}) class Role(ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.Role fields = "__all__" def role_add(request): if request.method == "GET": form = Role() return render(request,'role_add.html',{'form':form}) else: form = Role(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() # models.Role.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data) # models.Role.objects.create(**{'catpion':'123'}) return redirect('/role/') else: return render(request, 'role_add.html', {'form': form}) def role_edit(request,nid): obj = models.Role.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if not obj: return HttpResponse('数据不存在') if request.method == "GET": form = Role(instance=obj) return render(request,'role_edit.html',{'form':form}) else: form = Role(data=request.POST,instance=obj) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('/role/') else: return render(request, 'role_edit.html', {'form': form}) def user_type(request): user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all() return render(request,'user_type.html',{'user_type_list':user_type_list}) class UserTypeModeForm(ModelForm): title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=wd.Textarea()) class Meta: model = models.UserType fields = "__all__" error_messages = { 'title':{'required':'名称不能为空','invalid':'格式错误'} } widgets = { 'title':wd.TextInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}) } # 钩子函数 def user_type_add(request): if request.method == "GET": form = UserTypeModeForm() return render(request,'user_type_add.html',{'form':form}) else: form = UserTypeModeForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('/usertype/') else: return render(request, 'user_type_add.html', {'form': form}) def user_type_edit(request,nid): obj = models.UserType.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if not obj: return HttpResponse('...') if request.method == 'GET': # 显示默认值 form = UserTypeModeForm(instance=obj) return render(request,'user_type_edit.html',{'form':form}) else: form = UserTypeModeForm(instance=obj,data=request.POST) if form.is_valid(): form.save() return redirect('/usertype/') else: return render(request, 'user_type_edit.html', {'form': form})
role.html:
</head>
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in roles %}
<li>{{ row.caption }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
role_add.html:
<body>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.caption }} {{ form.errors.caption.0 }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
role_edit.html:
<body>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>{{ form.caption }} {{ form.errors.caption.0 }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
user_type.html
<body>
<ul>
{% for row in user_type_list %}
<li>{{ row.title }} - {{ row.roles.all }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
user_type_add.html
<body>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
user_type_edit.html
<body>
<form method="post" novalidate>
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
