编译工具 之 ant

一、概述

    需要设置的环境变量：
        JAVA_HOME="D:\JDK",
        ANT_HOME="D:\ant",
        PATH=".,%JAVA_HOME%\bin,%ANT_HOME%bin"
    运行：ant -buildfile test.xml -Dbuild=build/classes dist
（含义为：执行test.xml的编译脚本，参数build的值为build/classes，要执行的target为dist）
    默认的编译脚本为build.xml，默认的target为编译脚本中的project的default属性值所对应的target

二、常用task

    编译脚本是xml文档，元素有project->target->task，property,filter。
(右击前面查看图片)
    task有内置的和可选的之分，可选task需要下载额外的包来支持，此外可以编写自己的task。

1、Echo    

Parameters

Attribute	Description	Required
message	the message to echo.	Yes, unless data is included in a character section within this element.
file	the file to write the message to.	No
append	Append to an existing file?	No - default is false.
level	Control the level at which this message is reported. One of "error", "warning", "info", "verbose", "debug"	No - default is "warning".

Examples

<echo message="Hello, world"/>

<echo message="Embed a line break:${line.separator}"/>

<echo>Embed another:${line.separator}</echo>

<echo>This is a longer message stretching over
two lines.
</echo>

2、Javac

Parameters（not all）

Attribute	Description	Required
srcdir	Location of the java files. (See the note below.)	Yes, unless nested <src> elements are present.
destdir	Location to store the class files.	No
includes	Comma- or space-separated list of files (may be specified using wildcard patterns) that must be included; all .java files are included when omitted.	No
includesfile	The name of a file that contains a list of files to include (may be specified using wildcard patterns).	No
excludes	Comma- or space-separated list of files (may be specified using wildcard patterns) that must be excluded; no files (except default excludes) are excluded when omitted.	No
excludesfile	The name of a file that contains a list of files to exclude (may be specified using wildcard patterns).	No
classpath	The classpath to use.	No
sourcepath	The sourcepath to use; defaults to the value of the srcdir attribute (or nested <src> elements). To suppress the sourcepath switch, use sourcepath="".	No

Examples

<javac srcdir="${src}"
         destdir="${build}"
         includes="mypackage/p1/**,mypackage/p2/**"
         excludes="mypackage/p1/testpackage/**"
         classpath="xyz.jar"
         debug="on"
  />

3、jar

Parameters（not all）

Attribute	Description	Required
destfile	the JAR file to create.	Yes
basedir	the directory from which to jar the files.	No
compress	Not only store data but also compress them, defaults to true. Unless you set the keepcompression attribute to false, this will apply to the entire archive, not only the files you've added while updating.	No
keepcompression	For entries coming from existing archives (like nested zipfilesets or while updating the archive), keep the compression as it has been originally instead of using the compress attribute. Defaults false. Since Ant 1.6	No
encoding	The character encoding to use for filenames inside the archive. Defaults to UTF8. It is not recommended to change this value as the created archive will most likely be unreadable for Java otherwise.	No
filesonly	Store only file entries, defaults to false	No
includes	comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be included. All files are included when omitted.	No
includesfile	the name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an include pattern	No
excludes	comma- or space-separated list of patterns of files that must be excluded. No files (except default excludes) are excluded when omitted.	No
excludesfile	the name of a file. Each line of this file is taken to be an exclude pattern	No
defaultexcludes	indicates whether default excludes should be used or not ("yes"/"no"). Default excludes are used when omitted.	No
manifest	the manifest file to use. This can be either the location of a manifest, or the name of a jar added through a fileset. If its the name of an added jar, the task expects the manifest to be in the jar at META-INF/MANIFEST.MF	No

Examples

<jar destfile="${dist}/lib/app.jar"
    basedir="${build}/classes"
    includes="mypackage/test/**"
    excludes="**/Test.class" />

<jar destfile="${dist}/lib/app.jar">
    <fileset dir="${build}/classes"
            excludes="**/Test.class" />
     <fileset dir="${src}/resources"/>
</jar>

4、javadoc

Parameters（not all）

Attribute	Description	Availability	Required
sourcepath	Specify where to find source files	all	At least one of the three or nested <sourcepath>, <fileset> or <packageset>
sourcepathref	Specify where to find source files by reference to a PATH defined elsewhere.	all
sourcefiles	Comma separated list of source files -- see also the nested source element.	all
destdir	Destination directory for output files	all	Yes, unless a doclet has been specified.
maxmemory	Max amount of memory to allocate to the javadoc VM	all	No
packagenames	Comma separated list of package files (with terminating wildcard) -- see also the nested package element.	all	No
packageList	The name of a file containing the packages to process	1.2+	No
classpath	Specify where to find user class files	all	No

Example

  <javadoc packagenames="com.dummy.test.*"
           sourcepath="src"
           excludepackagenames="com.dummy.test.doc-files.*"
           defaultexcludes="yes"
           destdir="docs/api"
           author="true"
           version="true"
           use="true"
           windowtitle="Test API">
    <doctitle><![CDATA[<h1>Test</h1>]]></doctitle>
    <bottom><![CDATA[<i>Copyright &#169; 2000 Dummy Corp. All Rights Reserved.</i>]]></bottom>
    <tag name="todo" scope="all" description="To do:" />
    <group title="Group 1 Packages" packages="com.dummy.test.a*"/>
    <group title="Group 2 Packages" packages="com.dummy.test.b*:com.dummy.test.c*"/>
    <link offline="true" href="http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/api/" packagelistLoc="C:\tmp"/>
    <link href="http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/products/xml/docs/api/"/>
  </javadoc>