Struts2学习笔记1
http://struts.apache.org/downloads.html。下载struts-
二.试用struts
1. 新建一个WEBproject,将struts-
改动WEB-INF下的web.xml文件,增加例如以下内容:
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在web.xml中定义了一个struts2的FilterDispathcer的filter,这个FilterDispatcher用来初始化struts2而且处理全部的WEB请求。
2. 新建一个登录页面login.jsp:
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3.编写Action login:
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在这个LoginAction类中,继承了ActionSupport。ActionSupport 是xwork2这个开源框架中的一个让action可以更加高速地工作的基类,它包括了action中很多可选服务的默认实现,可以让我们更加easy地自己定义一个action。
在这里我们定义了username和password两个属性并提供了对应的get/set方法。而且定义了一个execute()方法,该方法覆盖ActionSupport类中的execute()方法。能够看到,它仅仅是简单地返回一个字符串(”SUCCESS”或”INPUT”,而不像是在struts1中的返回一个ActionForward,这两个字符串也是在ActionSupport中定义的,在ActionSupport中定义了四个String属性,分别为SUCCESS,INPUT,ERROR,LOGIN。
这样,我们的action就已经完毕了,但还存在一个问题,怎么样让struts2知道我们这个自己定义的action,而且能够在HTML/JSP页面中将动作提交给action呢?答案是须要配置struts.xml文件。
4.配置struts.xml
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><!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="struts2" extends="struts-default">
<action name="login" class="org.rainlife.struts2.action.LoginAction">
<result name="error">/error.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
在这个struts.xml配置文件里,能够发现和曾经的struts-config.xml已经全然不一样了。而在webwork的配置文件很类似。在这里,我们定义一个名name=”login”的action。通过class属性指向了刚才我们创建的LoginAction类。这样。就将我们定义的action告诉给了struts2。而在HTML/JSP页面中。能够通过这个”login”这个name来将动作提交给对应的Action。
假设在package中设置了namespace属性,如namespace=”/struts2”,则在JSP页面中应该将Form的action设置为”/struts2/login.action”。
5.创建error.jsp和success.jsp:
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success.jsp
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Struts2会依据在LoginAction中返回的字符串(ERROR或SUCCESS)来和在struts.xml中<result>中的name属性所定义的字符串匹配,并跳转到对应页面。