VC++ 借助 Win32 API 绘图实现基本的细胞自动机演示
//本程序使用 Visual Studio 2015 生成的 Win32 窗口程序模板 开发
//使用 Win32 API 绘图
//实现基本的细胞自动机演示
//
//目前已知问题:
//存在内存泄漏,但具体哪里泄漏还未找到
//长时间运行会卡死崩溃,怀疑与刷新频率较高带来的高系统资源占用有关
//
// LifeCompute2.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。 //细胞自动机: //一个活的细胞周围的八个格子中 //如果有2或者3个格子是活的,则继续存活 //否则死亡 //一个死亡的格子周围的八个格子中 //如果有3个格子是活的则变成活的 //否则依然是死亡 //要使用两个二维数组来代表前后两轮的生存状况 //不可以只使用一个二维数组并在其中一个个的更新细胞状态 //因为相邻的细胞之间会相互影响 #include "stdafx.h" #include "LifeCompute2.h" #include "resource.h" //资源文件中添加了一个draw菜单,用以开始。菜单的ID为 IDM_DRAW #include<math.h> #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 //程序配置:提供统一的绘图相关的设置和格子数量设置 typedef struct setting { COLORREF activeColor; //存活状态的颜色 COLORREF inactiveColor; //死亡状态的颜色 COLORREF backgroundColor; //背景颜色,实际上用于绘制网格线 int lineWidth; //网格线宽度,单位:像素 int countX; //横向格子数量,即列数 int countY; //纵向格子数量,即行数 int a; //正方形格子边长,单位:像素 }SETTING; // 全局变量,VC自动生成: HINSTANCE hInst; // 当前实例 WCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // 标题栏文本 WCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // 主窗口类名 //全局变量 SETTING setting; //全局设置结构体对象 bool **ground=NULL; //保存当前格子信息的二维数组指针 // 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明,VC自动生成: ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); // 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明 void draw(HWND); //开始 void updateGround(HWND); //更新 //VC自动生成入口 int APIENTRY wWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance, _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, _In_ LPWSTR lpCmdLine, _In_ int nCmdShow) { UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance); UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine); // TODO: 在此放置代码。 // 初始化全局字符串 LoadStringW(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING); LoadStringW(hInstance, IDC_LIFECOMPUTE2, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING); MyRegisterClass(hInstance); // 执行应用程序初始化: if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow)) { return FALSE; } HACCEL hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_LIFECOMPUTE2)); MSG msg; // 主消息循环: while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0)) { if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return (int) msg.wParam; } // // 函数: MyRegisterClass() // // 目的: 注册窗口类。 // ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEXW wcex; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_LIFECOMPUTE2)); wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW); wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wcex.lpszMenuName = MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDC_LIFECOMPUTE2); wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL)); return RegisterClassExW(&wcex); } // // 函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int) // // 目的: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口 // // 注释: // // 在此函数中,我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并 // 创建和显示主程序窗口。 // BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) { hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中 HWND hWnd = CreateWindowW(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, nullptr, nullptr, hInstance, nullptr); if (!hWnd) { return FALSE; } ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hWnd); return TRUE; } // // 函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) // // 目的: 处理主窗口的消息。 // // WM_COMMAND - 处理应用程序菜单 // WM_PAINT - 绘制主窗口 // WM_DESTROY - 发送退出消息并返回 // // LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: { int wmId = LOWORD(wParam); // 分析菜单选择: switch (wmId) { case IDM_ABOUT: DialogBox(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_ABOUTBOX), hWnd, About); break; case IDM_EXIT: DestroyWindow(hWnd); break; case IDM_DRAW: //点击了draw菜单,开始运算并绘制 draw(hWnd); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } } break; case WM_PAINT: { PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); // TODO: 在此处添加使用 hdc 的任何绘图代码... EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); } break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_TIMER: updateGround(hWnd); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } // “关于”框的消息处理程序。 INT_PTR CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lParam); switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return (INT_PTR)TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return (INT_PTR)TRUE; } break; } return (INT_PTR)FALSE; } void drawBackgroundBlocks(HWND win) { HDC dc=GetDC(win); HPEN pen=CreatePen(PS_SOLID, setting.lineWidth, setting.backgroundColor); SelectObject(dc, pen); for (int i = 1; i <= setting.countX+1; i++) { MoveToEx(dc,(i-1)*(setting.a+setting.lineWidth)+setting.lineWidth/2 ,0, NULL); LineTo(dc, (i - 1)*(setting.a + setting.lineWidth) + setting.lineWidth / 2, setting.countY*(setting.a + setting.lineWidth)); } for (int i = 1; i <= setting.countY + 1; i++) { MoveToEx(dc, 0, (i - 1)*(setting.a + setting.lineWidth) + setting.lineWidth / 2, NULL); LineTo(dc, setting.countX*(setting.a + setting.lineWidth), (i - 1)*(setting.a + setting.lineWidth) + setting.lineWidth / 2); } DeleteObject( pen); } //初始化设置。注意:格子数量过多可能导致系统资源占用较高 void initSetting() { setting.activeColor = RGB(0, 192, 0); setting.inactiveColor = RGB(0, 64, 0); setting.backgroundColor = RGB(32,32,32); setting.lineWidth = 1; setting.countX = 120; setting.countY = 70; setting.a = 10; } //初始化格子,分配内存空间 void initGround() { ground = new bool*[setting.countX]; for (int i = 1; i <= setting.countX; i++) { ground[i-1] = new bool[setting.countY]; for (int j = 1; j <= setting.countY; j++) { ground[i-1][j-1] = false; } } } //释放动态分配的二维数组空间 void cleanGround() { for (int i = 0; i < setting.countX; i++) { delete []ground[i]; } delete []ground; } //设置第一轮的生存状况 void setBorn() { if (ground == NULL) { return; } const int n = 75; //控制随机生成的信息的数量 int range = 22; //初始信息的范围 int x[n]; //随机点的横坐标 int y[n]; //随机点的纵坐标 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { x[i] = rand() % range + setting.countX/2-range/2; //生成随机点 y[i]= rand() % range + setting.countY/2-range/2; ground[x[i]][y[i]] = true; //将这些随机点设置为活的 } } //绘制坐标为x,y的方形 void drawOneRect(HDC dc,int x,int y,bool active) { HPEN pen; HBRUSH brush; if (active) { pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 0, setting.activeColor); brush = CreateSolidBrush(setting.activeColor); } else { pen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 0, setting.inactiveColor); brush = CreateSolidBrush(setting.inactiveColor); } SelectObject(dc, pen); SelectObject(dc, brush); int left = (x-1) * setting.a + x * setting.lineWidth; int top = (y-1) * setting.a + y * setting.lineWidth; int right = left + setting.a; int bottom = top + setting.a; Rectangle(dc, left, top, right, bottom); DeleteObject(brush); DeleteObject(pen); } //将二维数组中的生存状况数据绘制到客户区 void drawGroundStatus(HWND win) { HDC dc=GetDC(win); HDC memDC = CreateCompatibleDC(dc); RECT rect; rect.top = 0; rect.left = 0; rect.right = setting.a*setting.countX + setting.lineWidth*(setting.countX + 1); rect.bottom = setting.a*setting.countY + setting.lineWidth*(setting.countY + 1); HBITMAP map = CreateCompatibleBitmap(dc,rect.right,rect.bottom); HBITMAP oldMap=(HBITMAP) SelectObject(memDC, map); for (int i = 1; i <= setting.countX; i++) { for (int j = 1; j <= setting.countY; j++) { drawOneRect(memDC, i, j, ground[i - 1][j - 1]); } } BitBlt(dc, rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom, memDC, rect.left, rect.top, SRCCOPY); SelectObject(memDC, oldMap); DeleteObject(map); ReleaseDC(win, memDC); ReleaseDC(win, dc); } //计算坐标为x,y的格子周围的活的格子数量 //如果该格子靠近边缘,则周围格子数量少于8个 int countAround(int xa,int ya) { //1~30 int x = xa - 1; int y = ya - 1; int count = 0; //////////////////////////// if (x - 1 > 0 && y - 1 > 0) { //左上 if (ground[x - 1][y - 1]) { count++; } } if ( y - 1 > 0) { //上 if (ground[x][y - 1]) { count++; } } if (x + 1 <setting.countX && y - 1 > 0) { //右上 if (ground[x + 1][y - 1]) { count++; } } ////////////////////////// if (x - 1 > 0) { //左边 if (ground[x - 1][y ]) { count++; } } if (x + 1<setting.countX ) { //右边 if (ground[x + 1][y ]) { count++; } } ////////////////////////// if (x - 1 > 0 && y + 1 <setting.countY) { //左下 if (ground[x - 1][y + 1]) { count++; } } if (y+1<setting.countY ) { //下方 if (ground[x][y+1 ]) { count++; } } if (x + 1 <setting.countX && y + 1<setting.countY) { //右下 if (ground[x + 1][y+ 1]) { count++; } } return count; } //判断坐标为x,y的格子下一轮的生存状态 bool sentence(int x, int y) { int count = countAround( x, y); if (ground[x - 1][y - 1]) { //如果当前是活的 if (count == 2 || count == 3) { //周围有2或3个活的 return true; //下一轮继续活着 } else { //周围活着的数量不是2或3 return false; //下一轮死亡 } } else { //如果当前是死的 if (count == 3) { //周围或者的数目是3 return true; //下一轮是活的 } else { //周围或者的数目不是3 return false; //下一轮死亡 } } } //更新一轮生存数据 void getNextGen() { bool **ret; //新一轮的数据位置 ret = new bool*[setting.countX]; for (int i = 0; i < setting.countX; i++) { //分配空间 ret[i] = new bool[setting.countY]; for (int j = 0; j < setting.countY; j++) { ret[i][j] = sentence(i + 1, j + 1); //根据当前状况填入下一轮每个格子的状况 } } cleanGround(); //清理旧的内存空间 ground = ret; //将新的数据交给指针 } //控制更新数据和绘图 void updateGround(HWND win) { drawBackgroundBlocks(win); //绘制格子 drawGroundStatus(win); //绘制生存状态 getNextGen(); //更新数据 } //控制运算与绘图 void draw(HWND win) { initSetting(); //初始化设置 drawBackgroundBlocks(win); //绘制背景网格 initGround(); //初始化网格数据 setBorn(); //设置第一轮生存状况 drawGroundStatus(win); //绘制生存状况 SetTimer(win, ID_TIMER, 100, NULL); //使用计时器消息触发更新迭代 }