* 说明:复制表(只复制结构,源表名:a 新表名:b) select*into b from a where1<>1 * 说明:拷贝表(拷贝数据,源表名:a 目标表名:b) insertinto b(a, b, c) select d,e,f from b; * 说明:显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间 select a.title,a.username,b.adddate fromtable a,(selectmax(adddate) adddate fromtablewheretable.title=a.title) b * 说明:外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b) select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c * 说明:日程安排提前五分钟提醒 select*from 日程安排 wheredatediff('minute',f开始时间,getdate())>5 * 说明:两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息 deletefrom info wherenotexists ( select*from infobz where info.infid=infobz.infid ) * 说明:-- SQL: SELECT A.NUM, A.NAME, B.UPD_DATE, B.PREV_UPD_DATE FROM TABLE1, (SELECT X.NUM, X.UPD_DATE, Y.UPD_DATE PREV_UPD_DATE FROM (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, INBOUND_QTY, STOCK_ONHAND FROM TABLE2 WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')) X, (SELECT NUM, UPD_DATE, STOCK_ONHAND FROM TABLE2 WHERE TO_CHAR(UPD_DATE,'YYYY/MM') = TO_CHAR(TO_DATE(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM') ||'/01','YYYY/MM/DD') -1, 'YYYY/MM') ) Y, WHERE X.NUM = Y.NUM (+) AND X.INBOUND_QTY + NVL(Y.STOCK_ONHAND,0) <> X.STOCK_ONHAND ) B WHERE A.NUM = B.NUM * 说明:-- select*from studentinfo wherenotexists(select*from student where studentinfo.id=student.id) and 系名称='"&strdepartmentname&"'and 专业名称='"&strprofessionname&"'orderby 性别,生源地,高考总成绩 * 从数据库中去一年的各单位电话费统计(电话费定额贺电化肥清单两个表来源) SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') AS telyear, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '01', a.factration)) AS JAN, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '02', a.factration)) AS FRI, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '03', a.factration)) AS MAR, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '04', a.factration)) AS APR, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '05', a.factration)) AS MAY, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '06', a.factration)) AS JUE, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '07', a.factration)) AS JUL, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '08', a.factration)) AS AGU, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '09', a.factration)) AS SEP, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '10', a.factration)) AS OCT, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '11', a.factration)) AS NOV, SUM(decode(TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'mm'), '12', a.factration)) ASDEC FROM (SELECT a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, b.telfeedate, b.factration FROM TELFEESTAND a, TELFEE b WHERE a.tel = b.telfax) a GROUPBY a.userper, a.tel, a.standfee, TO_CHAR(a.telfeedate, 'yyyy') * 说明:四表联查问题 select*from a leftinnerjoin b on a.a=b.b rightinnerjoin c on a.a=c.c innerjoin d on a.a=d.d where.. * 说明:得到表中最小的未使用的ID号 *SELECT (CASEWHENEXISTS(SELECT*FROM Handle b WHERE b.HandleID =1) THENMIN(HandleID) +1ELSE1END) as HandleID FROM Handle WHERENOT HandleID IN (SELECT a.HandleID -1FROM Handle a) * 一个SQL语句的问题:行列转换 select*from v_temp 上面的视图结果如下: user_name role_name ------------------------- 系统管理员 管理员 feng 管理员 feng 一般用户 test 一般用户 想把结果变成这样: user_name role_name --------------------------- 系统管理员 管理员 feng 管理员,一般用户 test 一般用户 =================== createtable a_test(name varchar(20),role2 varchar(20)) insertinto a_test values('李','管理员') insertinto a_test values('张','管理员') insertinto a_test values('张','一般用户') insertinto a_test values('常','一般用户') createfunction join_str(@contentvarchar(100)) returnsvarchar(2000) as begin declare@strvarchar(2000) set@str='' select@str=@str+','+rtrim(role2) from a_test where[name]=@content select@str=right(@str,len(@str)-1) return@str end go --调用: select[name],dbo.join_str([name]) role2 from a_test groupby[name] --select distinct name,dbo.uf_test(name) from a_test * 快速比较结构相同的两表 结构相同的两表,一表有记录3万条左右,一表有记录2万条左右,我怎样快速查找两表的不同记录? ============================ 给你一个测试方法,从northwind中的orders表取数据。 select*into n1 from orders select*into n2 from orders select*from n1 select*from n2 --添加主键,然后修改n1中若干字段的若干条 altertable n1 addconstraint pk_n1_id primarykey (OrderID) altertable n2 addconstraint pk_n2_id primarykey (OrderID) select OrderID from (select*from n1 unionselect*from n2) a groupby OrderID havingcount(*) >1 应该可以,而且将不同的记录的ID显示出来。 下面的适用于双方记录一样的情况, select*from n1 where orderid in (select OrderID from (select*from n1 unionselect*from n2) a groupby OrderID havingcount(*) >1) 至于双方互不存在的记录是比较好处理的 --删除n1,n2中若干条记录 deletefrom n1 where orderID in ('10728','10730') deletefrom n2 where orderID in ('11000','11001') --************************************************************* -- 双方都有该记录却不完全相同 select*from n1 where orderid in(select OrderID from (select*from n1 unionselect*from n2) a groupby OrderID havingcount(*) >1) union --n2中存在但在n1中不存的在10728,10730 select*from n1 where OrderID notin (select OrderID from n2) union --n1中存在但在n2中不存的在11000,11001 select*from n2 where OrderID notin (select OrderID from n1) * 四种方法取表里n到m条纪录: 1. selecttop m *into 临时表(或表变量) from tablename orderby columnname -- 将top m笔插入 setrowcount n select*from 表变量 orderby columnname desc 2. selecttop n *from (selecttop m *from tablename orderby columnname) a orderby columnname desc 3.如果tablename里没有其他identity列,那么: selectidentity(int) id0,*into #tempfrom tablename 取n到m条的语句为: select*from #tempwhere id0 >=n and id0 <= m 如果你在执行select identity(int) id0,*into #tempfrom tablename这条语句的时候报错,那是因为你的DB中间的select into/bulkcopy属性没有打开要先执行: exec sp_dboption 你的DB名字,'select into/bulkcopy',true 4.如果表里有identity属性,那么简单: select*from tablename whereidentitycolbetween n and m * 如何删除一个表中重复的记录? createtable a_dist(id int,name varchar(20)) insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id' select*from a_dist createprocedure up_distinct(@t_namevarchar(30),@f_keyvarchar(30)) --f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段 as begin declare@maxinteger,@idvarchar(30) ,@sqlvarchar(7999) ,@typeinteger select@sql='declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from '+@t_name+' group by '+@f_key+' having count(*) > 1' exec(@sql) open cur_rows fetch cur_rows into@id,@max while@@fetch_status=0 begin select@max=@max-1 setrowcount@max select@type= xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key if@type=56 select@sql='delete from '+@t_name+' where '+@f_key+' = '+@id if@type=167 select@sql='delete from '+@t_name+' where '+@f_key+' = '+''''+@id+'''' exec(@sql) fetch cur_rows into@id,@max end close cur_rows deallocate cur_rows setrowcount0 end select*from systypes select*from syscolumns where id =object_id('a_dist') * 查询数据的最大排序问题(只能用一条语句写) CREATETABLE hard (qu char (11) ,co char (11) ,je numeric(3, 0)) insertinto hard values ('A','1',3) insertinto hard values ('A','2',4) insertinto hard values ('A','4',2) insertinto hard values ('A','6',9) insertinto hard values ('B','1',4) insertinto hard values ('B','2',5) insertinto hard values ('B','3',6) insertinto hard values ('C','3',4) insertinto hard values ('C','6',7) insertinto hard values ('C','2',3) 要求查询出来的结果如下: qu co je ----------- ----------- ----- A 69 A 24 B 36 B 25 C 67 C 34 就是要按qu分组,每组中取je最大的前2位!! 而且只能用一句sql语句!!! select*from hard a where je in (selecttop2 je from hard b where a.qu=b.qu orderby je) * 求删除重复记录的sql语句? 怎样把具有相同字段的纪录删除,只留下一条。 例如,表test里有id,name字段 如果有name相同的记录 只留下一条,其余的删除。 name的内容不定,相同的记录数不定。 有没有这样的sql语句? ============================== A:一个完整的解决方案: 将重复的记录记入temp1表: select[标志字段id],count(*) into temp1 from[表名] groupby[标志字段id] havingcount(*)>1 2、将不重复的记录记入temp1表: insert temp1 select[标志字段id],count(*) from[表名]groupby[标志字段id]havingcount(*)=1 3、作一个包含所有不重复记录的表: select*into temp2 from[表名]where 标志字段id in(select 标志字段id from temp1) 4、删除重复表: delete[表名] 5、恢复表: insert[表名]select*from temp2 6、删除临时表: droptable temp1 droptable temp2 ================================ B: createtable a_dist(id int,name varchar(20)) insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') insertinto a_dist values(1,'abc') exec up_distinct 'a_dist','id' select*from a_dist createprocedure up_distinct(@t_namevarchar(30),@f_keyvarchar(30)) --f_key表示是分组字段﹐即主键字段 as begin declare@maxinteger,@idvarchar(30) ,@sqlvarchar(7999) ,@typeinteger select@sql='declare cur_rows cursor for select '+@f_key+' ,count(*) from '+@t_name+' group by '+@f_key+' having count(*) > 1' exec(@sql) open cur_rows fetch cur_rows into@id,@max while@@fetch_status=0 begin select@max=@max-1 setrowcount@max select@type= xtype from syscolumns where id=object_id(@t_name) and name=@f_key if@type=56 select@sql='delete from '+@t_name+' where '+@f_key+' = '+@id if@type=167 select@sql='delete from '+@t_name+' where '+@f_key+' = '+''''+@id+'''' exec(@sql) fetch cur_rows into@id,@max end close cur_rows deallocate cur_rows setrowcount0 end select*from systypes select*from syscolumns where id =object_id('a_dist') * 行列转换--普通 假设有张学生成绩表(CJ)如下 Name Subject Result 张三 语文 80 张三 数学 90 张三 物理 85 李四 语文 85 李四 数学 92 李四 物理 82 想变成 姓名 语文 数学 物理 张三 809085 李四 859282 declare@sqlvarchar(4000) set@sql='select Name' select@sql=@sql+',sum(case Subject when '''+Subject+''' then Result end) ['+Subject+']' from (selectdistinct Subject from CJ) as a select@sql=@sql+' from test group by name' exec(@sql) 行列转换--合并 有表A, id pid 11 12 13 21 22 31 如何化成表B: id pid 11,2,3 21,2 31 创建一个合并的函数 createfunction fmerg(@idint) returnsvarchar(8000) as begin declare@strvarchar(8000) set@str='' select@str=@str+','+cast(pid asvarchar) from 表A where id=@id set@str=right(@str,len(@str)-1) return(@str) End go --调用自定义函数得到结果 selectdistinct id,dbo.fmerg(id) from 表A * 如何取得一个数据表的所有列名 方法如下:先从SYSTEMOBJECT系统表中取得数据表的SYSTEMID,然后再SYSCOLUMN表中取得该数据表的所有列名。 SQL语句如下: declare@objidint,@objnamechar(40) set@objname='tablename' select@objid= id from sysobjects where id =object_id(@objname) select'Column_name'= name from syscolumns where id =@objidorderby colid 或 SELECT*FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE TABLE_NAME ='users' * 通过SQL语句来更改用户的密码 修改别人的,需要sysadmin role EXEC sp_password NULL, 'newpassword', 'User' 如果帐号为SA执行EXEC sp_password NULL, 'newpassword', sa * 怎么判断出一个表的哪些字段不允许为空? select COLUMN_NAME from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS where IS_NULLABLE='NO'and TABLE_NAME=tablename * 如何在数据库里找到含有相同字段的表? a. 查已知列名的情况 SELECT b.name as TableName,a.name as columnname From syscolumns a INNERJOIN sysobjects b ON a.id=b.id AND b.type='U' AND a.name='你的字段名字' * 未知列名查所有在不同表出现过的列名 Select o.name As tablename,s1.name As columnname From syscolumns s1, sysobjects o Where s1.id = o.id And o.type ='U' AndExists ( Select1From syscolumns s2 Where s1.name = s2.name And s1.id <> s2.id ) * 查询第xxx行数据 假设id是主键: select*from (selecttop xxx *from yourtable) aa wherenotexists(select1from (selecttop xxx-1*from yourtable) bb where aa.id=bb.id) 如果使用游标也是可以的 fetch absolute [number]from[cursor_name] 行数为绝对行数 * SQL Server日期计算 a. 一个月的第一天 SELECTDATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0) b. 本周的星期一 SELECTDATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0,getdate()), 0) c. 一年的第一天 SELECTDATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()), 0) d. 季度的第一天 SELECTDATEADD(qq, DATEDIFF(qq,0,getdate()), 0) e. 上个月的最后一天 SELECTdateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(mm,0,getdate()), 0)) f. 去年的最后一天 SELECTdateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate()), 0)) g. 本月的最后一天 SELECTdateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(mm, DATEDIFF(m,0,getdate())+1, 0)) h. 本月的第一个星期一 selectDATEADD(wk, DATEDIFF(wk,0, dateadd(dd,6-datepart(day,getdate()),getdate()) ), 0) i. 本年的最后一天 SELECTdateadd(ms,-3,DATEADD(yy, DATEDIFF(yy,0,getdate())+1, 0))。 * 获取表结构[把 'sysobjects' 替换 成 'tablename' 即可] SELECTCASEIsNull(I.name, '') When''Then'' Else'*' Endas IsPK, Object_Name(A.id) as t_name, A.name as c_name, IsNull(SubString(M.text, 1, 254), '') as pbc_init, T.name as F_DataType, CASEIsNull(TYPEPROPERTY(T.name, 'Scale'), '') WHEN''ThenCast(A.prec asvarchar) ELSECast(A.prec asvarchar) +','+Cast(A.scale asvarchar) ENDas F_Scale, A.isnullable as F_isNullAble FROM Syscolumns as A JOIN Systypes as T ON (A.xType = T.xUserType AND A.Id =Object_id('sysobjects') ) LEFTJOIN ( SysIndexes as I JOIN Syscolumns as A1 ON ( I.id = A1.id and A1.id =object_id('sysobjects') and (I.status &0x800) =0x800AND A1.colid <= I.keycnt) ) ON ( A.id = I.id AND A.name =index_col('sysobjects', I.indid, A1.colid) ) LEFTJOIN SysComments as M ON ( M.id = A.cdefault andObjectProperty(A.cdefault, 'IsConstraint') =1 ) ORDERBY A.Colid ASC * 提取数据库内所有表的字段详细说明的SQL语句 SELECT (casewhen a.colorder=1then d.name else''end) N'表名', a.colorder N'字段序号', a.name N'字段名', (casewhenCOLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1then'√'else'' end) N'标识', (casewhen (SELECTcount(*) FROM sysobjects WHERE (name in (SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE (id = a.id) AND (indid in (SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE (id = a.id) AND (colid in (SELECT colid FROM syscolumns WHERE (id = a.id) AND (name = a.name))))))) AND (xtype ='PK'))>0then'√'else''end) N'主键', b.name N'类型', a.length N'占用字节数', COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION') as N'长度', isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0) as N'小数位数', (casewhen a.isnullable=1then'√'else''end) N'允许空', isnull(e.text,'') N'默认值', isnull(g.[value],'') AS N'字段说明' FROM syscolumns a leftjoin systypes b on a.xtype=b.xusertype innerjoin sysobjects d on a.id=d.id and d.xtype='U'and d.name<>'dtproperties' leftjoin syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id leftjoin sysproperties g on a.id=g.id AND a.colid = g.smallid orderbyobject_name(a.id),a.colorder * 快速获取表test的记录总数[对大容量表非常有效] 快速获取表test的记录总数: select rows from sysindexes where id =object_id('test') and indid in (0,1) update2set KHXH=(ID+1)\2 2行递增编号 update[23]set id1 ='No.'+right('00000000'+id,6) where id notlike'No%'//递增 update[23]set id1='No.'+right('00000000'+replace(id1,'No.',''),6) //补位递增 deletefrom[1]where (id%2)=1 奇数 * 替换表名字段 update[1]set domurl =replace(domurl,'Upload/Imgswf/','Upload/Photo/') where domurl like'%Upload/Imgswf/%' * 截位 SELECTLEFT(表名, 5)
熟悉SQL SERVER 2000的数据库管理员都知道,其DTS可以进行数据的导入导出,其实,我们也可以使用Transact-SQL语句进行导入导出操作。在 Transact-SQL语句中,我们主要使用OpenDataSource函数、OPENROWSET 函数,关于函数的详细说明,请参考SQL联机帮助。利用下述方法,可以十分容易地实现SQL SERVER、ACCESS、EXCEL数据转换,详细说明如下: 一、SQL SERVER 和ACCESS的数据导入导出 常规的数据导入导出: 使用DTS向导迁移你的Access数据到SQL Server,你可以使用这些步骤: ○1在SQL SERVER企业管理器中的Tools(工具)菜单上,选择Data Transformation ○2Services(数据转换服务),然后选择 czdImport Data(导入数据)。 ○3在Choose a Data Source(选择数据源)对话框中选择Microsoft Access as the Source,然后键入你的.mdb数据库(.mdb文件扩展名)的文件名或通过浏览寻找该文件。 ○4在Choose a Destination(选择目标)对话框中,选择Microsoft OLE DB Prov ider for SQL Server,选择数据库服务器,然后单击必要的验证方式。 ○5在Specify Table Copy(指定表格复制)或Query(查询)对话框中,单击Copy tables(复制表格)。 ○6在Select Source Tables(选择源表格)对话框中,单击Select All(全部选定)。下一步,完成。 Transact-SQL语句进行导入导出: 1.在SQL SERVER里查询access数据: SELECT*FROMOpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=')表名 2.将access导入SQL server 在SQL SERVER 里运行: SELECT*INTO newtable FROMOPENDATASOURCE ('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=' )表名 3.将SQL SERVER表里的数据插入到Access表中 在SQL SERVER 里运行: insertintoOpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source=" c:\DB.mdb";User ID=Admin;Password=')表名 (列名1,列名2) select 列名1,列名2 from sql表 实例: insertintoOPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','C:\db.mdb';'admin';'', Test) select id,name from Test INSERTINTOOPENROWSET('Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0', 'c:\trade.mdb'; 'admin'; '', 表名) SELECT*FROM sqltablename 二、SQL SERVER 和EXCEL的数据导入导出 1、在SQL SERVER里查询Excel数据: SELECT*FROMOpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')[Sheet1$] 下面是个查询的示例,它通过用于 Jet 的 OLE DB 提供程序查询 Excel 电子表格。 SELECT*FROMOpenDataSource ( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')xactions 2、将Excel的数据导入SQL server : SELECT*into newtable FROMOpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\book1.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')[Sheet1$] 实例: SELECT*into newtable FROMOpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Finance\account.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')xactions 3、将SQL SERVER中查询到的数据导成一个Excel文件 T-SQL代码: EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp 库名.dbo.表名out c:\Temp.xls -c -q -S"servername" -U"sa" -P""' 参数:S 是SQL服务器名;U是用户;P是密码 说明:还可以导出文本文件等多种格式 实例:EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp saletesttmp.dbo.CusAccount out c:\temp1.xls -c -q -S"pmserver" -U"sa" -P"sa"' EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "SELECT au_fname, au_lname FROM pubs..authors ORDER BY au_lname" queryout C:\ authors.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword' 在VB6中应用ADO导出EXCEL文件代码: Dim cn As New ADODB.Connection cn.open "Driver={SQL Server};Server=WEBSVR;DataBase=WebMis;UID=sa;WD=123;" cn.execute "master..xp_cmdshell 'bcp "SELECT col1, col2 FROM 库名.dbo.表名" queryout E:\DT.xls -c -Sservername -Usa -Ppassword'" 4、在SQL SERVER里往Excel插入数据: insertintoOpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0','Data Source="c:\Temp.xls";User ID=Admin;Password=;Extended properties=Excel 5.0')table1 (A1,A2,A3) values (1,2,3) T-SQL代码: INSERTINTO OPENDATASOURCE('Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0','Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;Data source=C:\training\inventur.xls')[Filiale1$] (bestand, produkt) VALUES (20, 'Test') 总结:利用以上语句,我们可以方便地将SQL SERVER、ACCESS和EXCEL电子表格软件中的数据进行转换,为我们提供了极大方便!
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2007-04-27 10:18敌后武工队
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