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STL-string

一、简述

字符串,已经封装char,string内部存储着数据的指针。所以sizeof获取string大小时返回的不是数据实际大小。

二、常用功能

2.1数字转字符串

参考:


2.1.1整数转字符串


  1 int ci = 19;
  2 std::string mystr, mystr2;
  3 //mystr:字符串19
  4 mystr = std::to_string(ci);


转指定长度字符串,长度不足自动前面补0:

  1 int num= 99; //待转的数字
  2 int width = 4; //指定的宽度
  3 string num_str = to_string(num);
  4 //判断转字符串后是不是满足设定位数,不足则补零
  5 while(num_str.size() < width){ num_str = "0" + num_str;}



2.1.2浮点数转字符串

默认保存浮点数小数点后6位数字

指定保存精度方法:

需要标准库:

#include <sstream>

#include <iomanip>

  1 //包含头文件
  2 //#include <string>
  3 //#include <iomanip>
  4 //#include <sstream>
  5 //*********************************************
  6 float f = 3.1416926;
  7 std::string sf;
  8 std::ostringstream ss;
  9 ss << std::setprecision(7) << f;
 10 //sft:此时保留包括整数部分的7位有效数字3.141692
 11 std::string sft = ss.str();
 12 ss.str("");
 13 //清空ss不能用clear
 14 //clear作用:清空错误的标志位
 15 //ss.clear();
 16 
 17 //设置小数部分有效位
 18 ss << std::fixed;
 19 ss << std::setprecision(7) << f;
 20 //sf:此时保留小数7位有效数字3.1416926
 21 sf = ss.str();



2.2字符串转数字

相关函数

  1 //字符串转double
  2 double stod (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0);
  3 double stod (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  4 
  5 //转浮点型
  6 float stof (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0);
  7 float stof (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
  8 
  9 //转int
 10 int stoi (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 11 int stoi (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 12 
 13 //转long
 14 long stol (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 15 long stol (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 16 
 17 long double stold (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0);
 18 long double stold (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0);
 19 
 20 long long stoll (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 21 long long stoll (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 22 
 23 unsigned long stoul (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 24 unsigned long stoul (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 25 
 26 
 27 unsigned long long stoull (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 28 unsigned long long stoull (const wstring& str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);
 29 
 30  



三、相关参考

posted @ 2022-03-06 18:18  mehome  阅读(41)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报