摘要： Salt formation is one of the effective means to improve the physicochemical properties of drug molecules and enhance drug-forming properties. 阅读全文

摘要： The kidney is the main organ for the metabolism and excretion of various drugs, from minor to common anti-cold drugs, antibiotics, antivirals, and significant to anti-tumor drugs, all of which may cause kidney damage. In drug safety evaluation studies, the study of drug nephrotoxicity is a critical element. 阅读全文

摘要： Local toxicity test is an integral part of toxicology research, which is designed to study the toxic reactions caused by local (via eyes, ears, mouth, nose, respiratory tract, joint cavity, skin, muscle, mucous membrane tissue, etc.) administration of drugs, mainly including irritation test, allergy test, hemolysis, and skin toxicity tests. 阅读全文

摘要： The development of various human diseases is highly complex. For drug developers to study human pathogenesis and pathological changes and observe and evaluate the efficacy of drugs, it is necessary to construct models that mimic human diseases, such as organoid or animal models, to explore the nature of human diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of new drugs. 阅读全文

摘要： The oxidative cleavage of olefins is an important transformation in organic synthesis to obtain carbonyl functional groups such as ketones and aldehydes. The current used approaches, such as ozonolysis and Lemieux-Johnson Oxidation suffer from many significant limitations. Thus the development of a mild, general, and practical approach is still highly warranted. 阅读全文