Micronaut微服务 | 实战入门
Your story may not have a happy beginning, but that doesn't make you who you are, it is restof your story, who you choose to be.
你或许没有一个幸福的开始,但是这并不能够代表你的所有,接下来你的生活取决于你的选择。——《功夫熊猫2》
基本概述
既然决定去做一件事情,就好比把自己铺成一张稿纸,不论是信笔涂鸦还是书写酣畅,就尽情去享受和体验就好。每一进步一点,天道酬勤,谁都会是大赢家。尽管是在这个尴尬的二十几岁,正是应该丰富自己和提升自己的时候,去经历一些非议,成长才会更快。就像是缓存清零,重新启动,一切还是原来模样......在基础入门篇时候,简单概述了Micronaut配置操作。接下来,针对于这一方面做更近一步的学习。比如,在开发工具方面的配置,在Micronaut相关命令和API的运用,创建完Demo工程的项目结构解析以及项目构建等。
开发IDE配置
Micronaut开发工具有IntelliJ IDEA ,Eclipse,Visual Studio Code三种。
IntelliJ IDEA配置
[1].增加Micronaut插件IntelliJ IDEA配置
[2].对于Maven 和Gradle工具的配置:
创建项目工程
- Micronaut CLI Project Creation Commands:
[⚠️注意事项]:
Micronaut创建工程支持的模板如下:
create-app:创建Micronaut基础应用程序
create-cli-app:创建Micronaut命令行应用程序
create-function-app:创建Micronaut函数应用程序,默认使用AWS
create-messaging-app:创建Micronaut消息队列应用程序,默认使用Kafka
create-grpc-app:创建Micronaut分布式GRPC应用程序
- Create Command Flags:
[⚠️注意事项]:
Micronaut创建工程支持的参数如下:
--lang:支持java, groovy, kotlin语言
--test:支持junit, spock测试框架
--build:支持gradle, gradle_kotlin, maven构建工具
--features:支持众多第三方框架
--inplace:支持替换参数
在本地工程目录:/Users/Projects/GitlabCloud/pandora-cloud-platform中:
MacBook-Pro:pandora-cloud-platform root$ cd /Users/Projects/GitlabCloud/pandora-cloud-platform
MacBook-Pro:pandora-cloud-platform root$ ls
LICENSE pandora-cloud-gateway
README.en.md pandora-cloud-model
README.md pandora-cloud-platform.iml
pandora-cloud-console pandora-cloud-program
pandora-cloud-core pandora-cloud-schedule
pandora-cloud-dependencies pom.xml
pandora-cloud-framework
MacBook-Pro:pandora-cloud-platform root$
输入:mn create-app com.pandora-cloud-monitor --build maven --lang=java
MacBook-Pro:pandora-cloud-platform root$ mn create-app com.pandora-cloud-monitor --build maven --lang=java
| Generating Java project...
| Application created at /Users/Projects/GitlabCloud/pandora-cloud-platform/pandora-cloud-monitor
MacBook-Pro:pandora-cloud-platform root$
工程结构
项目工程机构如下:
-
.gitignore:分布式版本控制系统git的配置文件,意思为忽略提交
在 .gitingore 文件中,遵循相应的语法,即在每一行指定一个忽略规则。 如:.log、/target/、.idea -
mvnw:全名是maven wrapper的文件
它的作用是在maven-wrapper.properties文件中记录你要使用的maven版本,当用户执行mvnw clean 命令时,发现当前用户的maven版本和期望的版本不一致,那么就下载期望的版本,然后用期望的版本来执行mvn命令,比如mvn clean命令。 -
mvn文件夹:存放mvnw相关文件
存放着maven-wrapper.properties和相关jar包以及名为MavenWrapperDownloader的java文件 -
mvn.cmd:执行mvnw命令的cmd入口
注:mvnw文件适用于Linux(bash),mvnw.cmd适用于Windows 环境。 -
pom.xml:项目对象模型
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>pandora.cloud.generator</groupId>
<artifactId>pandora-cloud-generator</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
<properties>
<micronaut.version>1.2.6</micronaut.version>
<jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version>
<maven.compiler.target>${jdk.version}</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.source>${jdk.version}</maven.compiler.source>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<exec.mainClass>pandora.cloud.generator.Application</exec.mainClass>
<maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-surefire-plugin.version>
<maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2</maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
</properties>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>jcenter.bintray.com</id>
<url>https://jcenter.bintray.com</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-bom</artifactId>
<version>${micronaut.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-inject</artifactId>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-validation</artifactId>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-runtime</artifactId>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-http-server-netty</artifactId>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-http-client</artifactId>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.micronaut.test</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-test-junit5</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>${exec.mainClass}</mainClass>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.6.0</version>
<configuration>
<executable>java</executable>
<arguments>
<argument>-classpath</argument>
<classpath/>
<argument>-noverify</argument>
<argument>-XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1</argument>
<argument>-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote</argument>
<argument>${exec.mainClass}</argument>
</arguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven-surefire-plugin.version}</version>
<configuration>
<detail>true</detail>
<includes>
<include>%regex[.*]</include>
</includes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven-failsafe-plugin.version}</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.7.0</version>
<configuration>
<compilerArgs>
<arg>-parameters</arg>
</compilerArgs>
<annotationProcessorPaths>
<path>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-inject-java</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</path>
<path>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-validation</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</path>
</annotationProcessorPaths>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>test-compile</id>
<goals>
<goal>testCompile</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<compilerArgs>
<arg>-parameters</arg>
</compilerArgs>
<annotationProcessorPaths>
<path>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-inject-java</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</path>
<path>
<groupId>io.micronaut</groupId>
<artifactId>micronaut-validation</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</path>
</annotationProcessorPaths>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
pom.xml主要描述了项目的maven坐标,依赖关系,开发者需要遵循的规则,缺陷管理系统,组织和licenses,以及其他所有的项目相关因素,是项目级别的配置文件。
-
src:存放开发代码和资源目录
-
Dockerfile :构建Docker镜像的配置文件
FROM adoptopenjdk/openjdk11-openj9:jdk-11.0.1.13-alpine-slim
COPY target/pandora-cloud-generator-*.jar pandora-cloud-generator.jar
EXPOSE 8080
CMD java -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -noverify ${JAVA_OPTS} -jar pandora-cloud-generator.jar
- micronaut-cli.yml:micronaut 应用的配置文件
profile: service
defaultPackage: pandora.cloud.generator
---
testFramework: junit
sourceLanguage: java
项目启动
Micronaut应用程序的启动方式和Springboot应用启动一样,通过调用Micronaut.run来实现: