Elasticsearch数据库 | Elasticsearch-7.5.0应用搭建实战
Elasticsearch 是一个可用于分布式以及符合RESTful 风格的搜索和数据分析引擎。—— Elastic Stack 官网
搭建Elasticsearch的“那些事儿"
有一天，在黄金梅丽号的甲板上，韦柏告诉萨博，需要在接下来的项目开发过程中，运用到Elasticsearch数据库，主要用于黄金梅丽号上的各种设备采集数据实时查询，或许后期还会运用于分布式日志系统的搭建运用等，让萨博先做一次技术预研。于是，在萨博查询大量的资料发现，关于Elasticsearch数据库的搭建，网上的资料几乎是千篇一律，或者多数都是没有一个完整的流程。甚至，还发现，对于Elasticsearch数据库实际应用方面，大多数海贼只局限于ELK等这样的情况，就像是大多数海贼提到Redis，就只觉得这个玩意儿，只能用于缓存层面，但是实际上人家的功能强大到超出了海贼的想象空间。甚至于，萨博在一个阿里巴巴的地方，找到了关于Elasticsearch数据库免费试用的资源，但是对于免费的午餐，也许那一天收费之后，那就只能用一首“浪浪”来祭奠这万恶的黄金之恶。于是在萨博精心研究和分析发现，除了传统部署Elasticsearch数据库之外，有个叫Docker 的东西，除了能够稳定运行Elasticsearch数据库之外，还能节省不少的服务器内存。于是呀，萨博就开始了探索在Docker上搭建Elasticsearch之之路......
Docker部署Elasticsearch的“那些事儿"
1.基础先决条件
阿里云或者虚拟机VM主机一个，并且自行装有Docker容器：
ps[⚠️注意事项]：
对于Docker安装请参考：Linux环境基于CentOS7 搭建部署Docker容器
2.最大文件打开数
[2.1]参数优化：ulimit -a |grep open
[root@centos-meteor ~]# ulimit -a |grep open
open files (-n) 65535
[root@centos-meteor ~]#
[2.2] 修改配置文件： /etc/security/limits.conf
#在最下边添加如下两行
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 2048
* hard nproc 4096
[2.3] 确认是否修改： ulimit -a |grep open
[root@centos-meteor ~]# ulimit -a |grep open
open files (-n) 65535
[root@centos-meteor ~]#
3.调整系统进程数
修改方法：vim /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
#调整成以下配置
* soft nproc 4096
root soft nproc unlimited
4.调整虚拟内存和最大并发连接数
虚拟内存（Virtual memory）->vm.max_map_count
Elasticsearch默认使用 hybrid mmapfs / niofs 目录来存储索引。默认操作系统对mmap计数的限制太低，可能引发内存不足的异常
[1]临时解决方法：
sysctl –w vm.max_map_count=262144
sysctl –w vm.max_map_count=262144
如果不优化会出现启动Elasticsearch的时候会出现如下提示：
max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65535] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[2]永久生效方案：更新系统文件/etc/sysctl.conf的vm.max_map_count字段
执行命令：vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@turbo-master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@turbo-master ~]#
#Settings Elasticsearch Virtual Memory—>655360
vm.max_map_count=655360
fs.file-max=655360
vm.overcommit_memory=1
加载到系统：sysctl -p --load /etc/sysctl.conf
[root@centos-meteor elasticsearch]# sysctl -p --load /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness = 0
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_stale_time = 120
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 1024
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1
kernel.sysrq = 1
vm.max_map_count = 655360
fs.file-max = 655360
vm.overcommit_memory = 1
[root@centos-meteor elasticsearch]#
5.关闭elasticsearch自检测
在elasticsearch.yml中添加配置项：
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
bootstrap.system_call_filter: false
ps[⚠️注意事项]：
主要是避免以下问题：
[1]最大文件打开数: max file descriptors [1024] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65536]
[2]调整虚拟内存和最大并发连接数: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[3]关闭elasticsearch自检测: system call filters failed to install; check the logs and fix your configuration or disable system call filters at your own risk
[4]调整系统进程数: max number of threads [1024] for user [lish] likely too low, increase to at least [2048]
实战部署ElasticSearch服务
Docker 部署应用服务的基本步骤：Search[查询镜像]->Pull[拉取镜像]->Run[部署镜像]
1.查询Elasticsearch 镜像：
docker search elasticsearch
ps[注意事项]：
- 一般拉取镜像资源都是从Docker官方仓库[docker-hub]拉取，或者自己构建的Docker云仓库aliyun-docker 等
- 本教程选取的ELK镜像均是基于ELK官方Docker仓库elastic-io
2.拉取Elasticsearch 镜像：
docker pull docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.3.1
ps[注意事项]：
1.本教程采用7.3.x版本，目前最新版本7.4.x[主要用7.3.x版本在阿里云搭建过，避免入坑问题]
2.拉取的过程中可能会出现[net/http: TLS handshake timeout]问题,多尝试几次,主要是网络带宽限制问题
3.修改镜像名称:
docker tag docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.3.1 elasticsearch:latest
ps[注意事项]：
1.名称过长导致查看些许不便，通过docker tag source-image[来源镜像] target-image[目标镜像]，推荐统一采用[target-image:target-version]格式定义，且不占用空间，相当于重命名镜像
2.对于拉取kibana[docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.3.1]和logstash[docker.elastic.co/logstash/logstash:7.3.1] 都建议修改。
4.部署镜像服务：
部署命令：
docker run -itd -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --restart=always --privileged=true --name elasticsearch-server -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms=512m -Xms=512m" elasticsearch:latest
默认配置目录：
/usr/share/elasticsearch/config
/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
查看容器列表：
docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Ports}}"
![docker ps]
(https://ftp.bmp.ovh/imgs/2019/11/d7e09058af3fadbd.png)
ps[注意事项]:
1.需要开放端口[9200和9300]->9200作为Http协议，主要用于外部通讯,9300作为Tcp协议，jar之间就是通过tcp协议通讯,通常部署集群就是通过9300通信。推荐[宿主机自定义端口:9200]
2.--restart=always :配置容器重启策略,当宿主机重启由于配置了开机自启动，不用手动启动
3.--privileged：配置容器操作权限[true-root操作权限，false-当前容器用户操作权限]
4.对于部署网络模式推荐默认桥接模式,也自定义可以host模式等
5.修改配置：
进入容器：docker exec -it container-id[容器id] or container-name[容器名称] /bin/bash
例如：docker exec -it f2d2e97da375 /bin/bash #f2d2e97da375-> container-id
修改配置文件:
[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# ls
LICENSE.txt NOTICE.txt README.textile bin config data jdk lib logs modules plugins
[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]#
[root@f2d2e97da375 elasticsearch]# cd config
[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# ls
elasticsearch.keystore elasticsearch.yml jvm.options log4j2.properties role_mapping.yml roles.yml users users_roles
[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# vi elasticsearch.yml
添加跨域配置：http.cors.enabled: true && http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
cluster.name: "docker-cluster"
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
然后退出exit容器，在宿主机重启容器：docker restart container-id[容器id] or container-name[容器名称]
docker restart f2d2e97da375
[root@f2d2e97da375 config]# exit
exit
[root@centos-meteor ~]# docker restart f2d2e97da375
f2d2e97da375
[root@centos-meteor ~]#
ps[注意事项]：
1.进入容器方式：包括使用 docker attach 命令或 docker exec 命令，
推荐使用 docker exec 命令。原因：
- docker attach: 使用exit退出容器，会导致容器的停止
- docker exec：使用exit退出容器，不会导致容器的停止
- 参考docker进入容器的几种方法博客-docker进入容器的几种方法
2.如果Docker安装了可视化界面 Portainer，推荐采用这种方式进入容器：
搭建部署ElasticSearch-Head服务
ElasticSearch-Head：弹性搜索集群的Web前端界面，是使用Nodjs构建的，主要用于查看ElasticSearch相关信息
1.拉取Elasticsearch-Head 镜像：docker pull mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
[root@centos-amber ~]# docker pull mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
5: Pulling from mobz/elasticsearch-head
75a822cd7888: Pull complete
57de64c72267: Pull complete
4306be1e8943: Pull complete
871436ab7225: Pull complete
0110c26a367a: Pull complete
1f04fe713f1b: Pull complete
723bac39028e: Pull complete
7d8cb47f1c60: Pull complete
7328dcf65c42: Pull complete
b451f2ccfb9a: Pull complete
304d5c28a4cf: Pull complete
4cf804850db1: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:55a3c82dd4ba776e304b09308411edd85de0dc9719f9d97a2f33baa320223f34
Status: Downloaded newer image for mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
docker.io/mobz/elasticsearch-head:5
[root@centos-amber ~]#
2.修改Elasticsearch-Head 镜像名称：docker tag mobz/elasticsearch-head:5 elasticsearch-head:latest
[root@centos-amber ~]# docker tag mobz/elasticsearch-head:5 elasticsearch-head:latest
[root@centos-amber ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
grafana/grafana latest 05d1bcf30d16 7 days ago 207MB
nginx latest 540a289bab6c 3 weeks ago 126MB
prom/prometheus latest 2c8e464e47f4 3 weeks ago 129MB
moxm/sentinel-dashboard latest 0ccaac81584e 4 weeks ago 167MB
portainer latest 4cda95efb0e4 4 weeks ago 80.6MB
portainer/portainer latest 4cda95efb0e4 4 weeks ago 80.6MB
apache/skywalking-ui latest fa66ca9c9862 2 months ago 123MB
apache/skywalking-oap-server latest 376a37cdf65c 2 months ago 190MB
docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana 7.3.1 b54865ba6b0b 2 months ago 1.01GB
docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch 7.3.1 3d3aa92f641f 2 months ago 807MB
elasticsearch latest 3d3aa92f641f 2 months ago 807MB
prom/node-exporter latest e5a616e4b9cf 5 months ago 22.9MB
google/cadvisor latest eb1210707573 12 months ago 69.6MB
elasticsearch-head latest b19a5c98e43b 2 years ago 824MB
mobz/elasticsearch-head 5 b19a5c98e43b 2 years ago 824MB
tutum/influxdb latest c061e5808198 3 years ago 290MB
[root@centos-amber ~]#
3.部署Elasticsearch-Head 容器：
docker run -itd --restart=always --privileged=true -p 9100:9100 --name elasticsearch-head-server elasticsearch-head:latest
查看容器服务：
docker ps --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Ports}}"
4.浏览器访问：http://remote-ip:9100/
实战测试ElasticSearch-Head服务
1.准备数据：
{
"companyId": "ebcb4f99e0cb4ad781278ae636c1031f",
"classifyName": "激素检测",
"deviceType": "激素检测",
"data": {
"deviceId": "20000060100000002",
"deviceNo": "QC00020000060100000002",
"appid": "00000000",
"sim": "89860404191792655118",
"csq": "30",
"electric": "98",
"voltage": "13279",
"softVer": "5143000500010601-01020006|5143000500010601-01010003",
"hardVer": "5143000500010601-00000002|5143000500010601-00000002",
"status": "0",
"date": "2020-09-13 11:23:52",
"elements": [
{
"key": "20",
"value": "10",
"time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
},
{
"key": "21",
"value": "11",
"time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
},
{
"key": "22",
"value": "12",
"time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
},
{
"key": "23",
"value": "13",
"time": "2020-09-13 11:23:52"
}
]
}
}
2.设置请求头：application/json;charset=UTF-8
3.发送PUT请求：http://remote-ip/device/deviceData/QC00020000060100000001
{
"_index": "device",
"_type": "deviceData",
"_id": "QC00020000060100000002",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"created": true
}
4.打开浏览器查看结果：
实战搭建ElasticSearch总结
1.部署基本命令：
docker run -itd -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --restart=always --privileged=true --name elasticsearch-server --network-alias elasticsearch-server --hostname elasticsearch-server -v /docker/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml:/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml -v /docker/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data -v /docker/elasticsearch/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms512m -Xmx512m -Xmn256m -XX:MetaspaceSize=128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=320m -XX:+AlwaysPreTouch -XX:-UseBiasedLocking " -e TZ="Asia/Shanghai" elasticsearch:latest
2.配置文件[elasticsearch.yml ]:
cluster.name: elasticsearch-cluster
node.name: elasticsearch-server
network.host: 0.0.0.0
network.bind_host: 0.0.0.0
network.publish_host: 0.0.0.0
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
bootstrap.memory_lock: false
bootstrap.system_call_filter: false
transport.tcp.port: 9300
transport.tcp.compress: true
http.max_content_length: 128mb
3.分词插件安装：
./bin/elasticsearch-plugin install https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases/download/v7.5.0/elasticsearch-analysis-ik-7.5.0.zip
4.Docker 部署 ElasticSearch-Head：
docker run -itd --restart=always --privileged=true -p 9100:9100 --network-alias elasticsearch-head-server --name elasticsearch-head-server --hostname elasticsearch-head-server -v /docker/elasticsearch-head/app:/usr/src/app elasticsearch-head:latest
5.ElasticSearch-Head 使用406错误：
ajaxSettings部分json配置：
ajaxSettings: {
url: ajaxLocation,
isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test(ajaxLocParts[1]),
global: true,
type: "GET",
//contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
contentType: "application/json;charset=UTF-8",
processData: true,
async: true,
/*
timeout: 0,
data: null,
dataType: null,
username: null,
password: null,
cache: null,
traditional: false,
headers: {},
*/
accepts: {
xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
html: "text/html",
text: "text/plain",
json: "application/json, text/javascript",
"*": "*/*",
},
inspectData 部分json配置：
// Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
jQuery.ajaxPrefilter("json jsonp", function (s, originalSettings, jqXHR) {
//var inspectData = s.contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" &&
var inspectData =
(s.contentType === "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" &&
typeof s.data === "string") ||
(s.contentType === "application/json;charset=UTF-8" &&
typeof s.data === "string");
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