获取数据库架构信息

可以使用Connection或DataReader对象的GetSchemaTable方法获取数据库的架构信息。

  1using System;
  2using System.Drawing;
  3using System.Collections;
  4using System.ComponentModel;
  5using System.Windows.Forms;
  6using System.Data;
  7using System.Data.OleDb;
  8
  9namespace GetDataBaseSchema
 10{
 11    /**//// <summary>
 12    /// frmGetDBSchema 的摘要说明。
 13    /// </summary>
 14    public class frmGetDBSchema : System.Windows.Forms.Form
 15    {
 16        public frmGetDBSchema()
 17        {
 18            //
 19            // Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的
 20            //
 21            InitializeComponent();
 22
 23            //
 24            // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码
 25            //
 26        }
 27
 28        /**//// <summary>
 29        /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
 30        /// </summary>
 31        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
 32        {
 33            if( disposing )
 34            {
 35                if (components != null) 
 36                {
 37                    components.Dispose();
 38                }
 39            }
 40            base.Dispose( disposing );
 41        }
 42
 43        Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码
 44
 45        private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnChooseDBFile;
 46        private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
 47        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtFileName;
 48        private System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox cboTables;
 49        private System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid dataGrid1;
 50        private System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog openFileDialog1;
 51        /**//// <summary>
 52        /// 必需的设计器变量。
 53        /// </summary>
 54        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
 55
 56        /**//// <summary>
 57        /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改
 58        /// 此方法的内容。
 59        /// </summary>
 60        private void InitializeComponent()
 61        {
 62            this.btnChooseDBFile = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
 63            this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
 64            this.txtFileName = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
 65            this.cboTables = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();
 66            this.dataGrid1 = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid();
 67            this.openFileDialog1 = new System.Windows.Forms.OpenFileDialog();
 68            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGrid1)).BeginInit();
 69            this.SuspendLayout();
 70            // 
 71            // btnChooseDBFile
 72            // 
 73            this.btnChooseDBFile.FlatStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FlatStyle.Flat;
 74            this.btnChooseDBFile.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(20, 24);
 75            this.btnChooseDBFile.Name = "btnChooseDBFile";
 76            this.btnChooseDBFile.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(104, 28);
 77            this.btnChooseDBFile.TabIndex = 0;
 78            this.btnChooseDBFile.Text = "选择数据库文件";
 79            this.btnChooseDBFile.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnChooseDBFile_Click);
 80            // 
 81            // label1
 82            // 
 83            this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 64);
 84            this.label1.Name = "label1";
 85            this.label1.TabIndex = 1;
 86            this.label1.Text = "选   择   表：";
 87            this.label1.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.MiddleCenter;
 88            // 
 89            // txtFileName
 90            // 
 91            this.txtFileName.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.FixedSingle;
 92            this.txtFileName.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(140, 28);
 93            this.txtFileName.Name = "txtFileName";
 94            this.txtFileName.ReadOnly = true;
 95            this.txtFileName.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(272, 21);
 96            this.txtFileName.TabIndex = 2;
 97            this.txtFileName.Text = "";
 98            // 
 99            // cboTables
100            // 
101            this.cboTables.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;
102            this.cboTables.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(140, 64);
103            this.cboTables.Name = "cboTables";
104            this.cboTables.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(272, 20);
105            this.cboTables.TabIndex = 3;
106            this.cboTables.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.cboTables_SelectedIndexChanged);
107            // 
108            // dataGrid1
109            // 
110            this.dataGrid1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom) 
111                | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left) 
112                | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
113            this.dataGrid1.DataMember = "";
114            this.dataGrid1.HeaderForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;
115            this.dataGrid1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 96);
116            this.dataGrid1.Name = "dataGrid1";
117            this.dataGrid1.ReadOnly = true;
118            this.dataGrid1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(416, 224);
119            this.dataGrid1.TabIndex = 4;
120            // 
121            // openFileDialog1
122            // 
123            this.openFileDialog1.Filter = "Access数据库文件(*.mdb)|*.mdb";
124            this.openFileDialog1.Title = "选择数据库文件";
125            // 
126            // frmGetDBSchema
127            // 
128            this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
129            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(432, 333);
130            this.Controls.Add(this.dataGrid1);
131            this.Controls.Add(this.cboTables);
132            this.Controls.Add(this.txtFileName);
133            this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
134            this.Controls.Add(this.btnChooseDBFile);
135            this.Name = "frmGetDBSchema";
136            this.Text = "获取Access数据库架构信息";
137            ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.dataGrid1)).EndInit();
138            this.ResumeLayout(false);
139
140        }
141        #endregion
142
143        /**//// <summary>
144        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
145        /// </summary>
146        [STAThread]
147        static void Main() 
148        {
149            Application.Run(new frmGetDBSchema());
150        }
151
152        变量区#region 变量区
153
154        private string conStr;
155        private OleDbConnection conn;
156        private DataTable dt;
157
158        #endregion
159
160        功能区#region 功能区
161
162        /**//// <summary>
163        /// 选择数据库文件
164        /// </summary>
165        private void ChooseDBFile()
166        {
167            if(this.openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
168            {
169                this.txtFileName.Text = this.openFileDialog1.FileName;
170                this.conStr = String.Format("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source={0}",this.openFileDialog1.FileName);
171                conn = new OleDbConnection(conStr);
172                try
173                {
174                    Cursor.Current = Cursors.WaitCursor;
175                    conn.Open();
176                    dt = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables,null);
177                    this.dataGrid1.CaptionText = "表信息";
178                    this.dataGrid1.DataSource = dt;
179                    this.conn.Close();
180                    FillTableList();
181                }
182                catch(Exception ex)
183                {
184                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
185                }
186            }
187        }
188        /**//// <summary>
189        /// 填充表名列表
190        /// </summary>
191        private void FillTableList()
192        {
193            this.cboTables.Items.Clear();
194            foreach(DataRow dr in dt.Rows)
195            {
196                cboTables.Items.Add(dr["TABLE_NAME"]);
197            }
198        }
199        /**//// <summary>
200        /// 选择某个表，填充其字段
201        /// </summary>
202        private void OnChooseTable()
203        {
204            if(cboTables.SelectedIndex == -1)
205                return;
206            if(conn == null)
207            {
208                MessageBox.Show("请选择数据库文件！");
209                return;
210            }
211            if(conn.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
212                conn.Open();
213            string table = this.cboTables.GetItemText(this.cboTables.SelectedItem);
214            object[] objRes = new object[]{null,null,table,null};
215            dt = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns,objRes);
216            this.dataGrid1.CaptionText = "字段信息";
217            this.dataGrid1.DataSource = dt;
218            this.conn.Close();
219        }
220
221        #endregion
222
223        private void btnChooseDBFile_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
224        {
225            ChooseDBFile();
226        }
227
228        private void cboTables_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
229        {
230            OnChooseTable();
231        }        
232    }
233}