树莓派安装 ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南

树莓派安装 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南

设备 Raspberry 4B 4+32G

系统 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS

1.镜像下载与烧录

镜像下载地址:https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz

烧录工具

SD Card Formatter

Win32DiskImager

2.启用root账户

输入命令后根据提示操作

sudo passwd root

3.无线网络连接初始化

进入netplan配置文件夹

cd /etc/netplan/

配置无线网

sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml

配置如下，仅供参考

# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource.  Changes
# to it will not persist across an instance reboot.  To disable cloud-init's
# network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        eth0:
            dhcp4: true
            optional: true
    version: 2
    wifis:
      wlan0:
        dhcp4: true
        optional: true
        access-points:
              "你的无线网络名称": 
               password: "123456789"

注意在冒号后面，记得要有个空格或者换行
启用配置

sudo netplan try
sudo netplan apply
systemctl daemon-reload

4.更换树莓派国内镜像源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

我全部更换为阿里镜像源，最终配置如下

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

刷新镜像源

source source.list
apt get update
apt get upgrade

4.启用SSH（*）

sudo apt install openssh-server

查看ssh状态

防火墙端口放行SSH

ufw allow ssh

尝试一下用默认账户连接(我尝试失败，您可以一试)

方法一:修改sshd_config

参考 https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781

修改配置文件

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

在vim中搜索定位PermitRootLogin，可直接查找：

/PermitRootLogin

修改以下配置：
33 #LoginGraceTime 2m
34 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
35 #StrictModes yes
36 #MaxAuthTries 6
37 #MaxSessions 10

修改为：

 LoginGraceTime 2m
 PermitRootLogin yes
 StrictModes yes
 #MaxAuthTries 6
 #MaxSessions 10

3. 重启ssh，使配置生效

sudo service ssh restart

现在可是使用root用户登录ssh了！！！

方法二：建立新用户（*）

我使用该方法完成ssh连接

不知为何默认账户ubuntu和root无法进行SSH连接认证，但是可以通过自己添加账户进行SSH连接

直接输入

adduser your_username

按照指示配置新用户信息，最后使用该用户名称完成SSH连接

5. BT宝塔面板安装

wget -O install.sh http://download.bt.cn/install/install-ubuntu_6.0.sh && bash install.sh

参考文档

1.https://blog.csdn.net/zx3517288/article/details/109889688

2.https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781

3.https://blog.csdn.net/qq_35975447/article/details/105858964