英语语法_时态

1. 大纲

2. 简单句

1、简单句是什么？

一个句子。句子的作用是描述事物/事件

2、简单句包括哪些内容?

⚠️ 这里是成分,和位置有关!,注意区别 词性

分类的原因是 因为的 动词 的 的不同

3、简单句的基本组成结构是什么?

主语 + 谓语 即

... 是...

... 做...

... 有...

其中 谓语包括 谓语动词

⚠️准确来说,谓语动词是能表现出 时体气的部分,不仅仅是动词

谓语或者说谓语动词是句子的核心

4、句子核心变化有哪些?

口诀: 「三态一否」

• 三态: 时态、语态、情态
• 一否: 否定

5、谓语动词时态有哪些内容,重点掌握什么?

6、一个完整丰富的句子包括哪些内容?

1)、核心框架(主干) ,包括基本句型和核心变化

2)、修饰成分(分支)

从句子的角度看:

主干就是叙述的主体(人/物),及其之间的关系,动作

分支就是补充说明(人/物/句子本身)的成分

---

3. 时态

3.1. 一般态

谓语动词时间有哪些？

主要表达时间形态有: 过去,现在,将来

谓语动词包括

①有实义(实义谓语动词,简称谓语动词) ;

②无实义(无实义的连系动词,简称系动词/感官动词) ;

1、一般过去式

• 形式: 谓语动词did / 连系动词(was/were)
• 特点: 完全发生在过去，能提供信息

eg: He was a student. (表明He在过去是一名学生,即现在不是)
eg: He liked music. (表明He过去喜欢音乐,即现在不喜欢音乐)
eg: She had a boyfriend. (表明She过去有男朋友,即现在没有)
eg: He was a man??? (按照语法,表示He过去是男性,即现在不是,一般来说不太可能)

⭐上述表明 过去式的使用可以透露一些信息

过去式的句型形式总结

形式	系动词	谓语动词
陈述句	He was happy.	He liked English.
否定句	He was not happy.	He did not like English
一般疑问句	Was he happy.	Did he like English.
特殊疑问句	How was he?	What did he like?

注意事项和细节:

1. 无实义动词否定直接加 not

2. 有实义动词否定配合 did

3. 像 what,how,where,why等特殊疑问词引导的疑问句称为特殊疑问句,否则是一般疑问句

---

👁️‍🗨️补充

与频率配合用

every / once a week ,twice a month / three times a...

always / usually / often / frequently / sometimes accasionally / seldom /hardly /never

---

2、一般现在时

形式: (do/does) / (am/is/are)

特点: 主语(you / I)用原形 / 主语 ( he / she /it)用第三人称单数

e.g: He likes English.

e.g: You have a book.

用法场景: ①现在,②经常性,习惯性的动作/事件③自然规律,客观现实,科学真理

e.g: We have the English class every day. (经常性事件)

e.g: He often gets up late. (经常性事件)

e.g: I am a teacher. (现在状态)

e.g: The earth is round. (自然规律,客观现实)

e.g: The earth moves around the sun. (自然规律,客观现实)

e.g: Knowlege is power. (科学真理)

e.g: Practice makes pefect. (科学真理)

---

eg: I said that I would become a cook in future.

eg: Tony finished his work ,and then he would leave for London.

---

3、一般将来时

形式: will / (am/is/are + going to + V.原)

e.g: I will make a new plan tomorrow.

e.g: We are going to study abroad next year.

一般将来时的句型形式总结:

句型	will	be going to
陈述句	He will leave.	He is going to leave.
否定句	He will not leave.	He is not going to leave.
一般疑问句	Will he leave?	Is he going to leave?
特殊疑问句	What will he do?	What is he going to do?

一般时态总结:

---

4、过去将来时

would / was /were going to

3.2. 进行时

• 分类: 过去进行,现在进行,将来进行

• 形式: (was/were) / (am/is/are) / (will/shall be ) + doing

eg: At 10 o’clock yesterday some students were taking an exam in their classroom.

---

3.3. 完成时

分类(时间): 现在/过去/将来 + 完成

1、现在完成时

形式: have/has + done

完成的含义: ①部分完成,②全部完成

语言标志: 「...已经...」

「已经」的特点/条件: 从现在往之前「看」

eg: He has left. (全部完成, 现在不在)

eg: I have learned English for 10 years. (部分完成, 现在还在学) 表示持续过程的「某个片段」,

🧡分析:

A、如单纯 「看」过去就是 He left. (意味着他现在来了) ⚠️过去式能透露信息

B、但是从现在「看」过去就是 He has left. (说明现在还没回来)

⚠️done表示谓语动词完成时态

---

2、过去完成时

同现在完成时，只不过视角变为 「过去的过去」,即从过去看过去

eg: When he got there ,she had left.

当他过去到那，她之前就离开了

完成时总结

对比

现在完成 VS 现在完成进行

【例题】

They ____on the program for almost one week before i joined them, and now we are still working on it as no good results____ so far.

A)、have been working ; have come out

B)、had worked ; came out

C)、had been working ; have come out

D)、have worked ; are coming out

分析:

before i joined them 可知 前面的句子是 用过去的过去 排除 A,D选项

根据 still working 可知之前的结果是肯定做了的，不用强调结果，只需强调过程,所以用 进行时，而不是完成时，综合选项选 C

---