python操作文件和目录
python操作文件和目录
目录操作
# 查看当前目录
>>> os.path.abspath('.')
'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security'
# 查看当前目录
>>> os.getcwd()
'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security'
# 更改当前的工作目录
>>> os.chdir('/Users/markzhang/')
>>> os.getcwd()
'/Users/markzhang'
# 在某目录下创建新目录,首先显示新目录的完整路径
>>> os.path.join('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security','test')
'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/test'
# 创建目录
>>> os.mkdir('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/test')
# 删除目录
>>> os.rmdir('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/test')
文件操作
# 创建文件
>>> with open('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/demo.txt','w') as f:
... f.write('hello world') # 写文件
...
>>> with open('/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security/demo.txt','r') as f:
... f.read() # 读文件
...
'hello world'
>>> os.getcwd()
'/Users/markzhang/Documents/python/security'
# 对文件重命名
>>> os.rename('demo.txt','test.txt')
# 删除文件
>>> os.remove('test.txt')
实例
将0-9写入到指定文件,并以当前时间命名
import os
import time
def current_time():
t = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime())
suffix = ".txt"
fullname = t+suffix
return fullname
with open('/Users/markzhang/Desktop/io.txt','w') as f:
for i in range(10):
i = str(i)
f.write(i)
f.write('\n')
os.chdir('/Users/markzhang/Desktop/')
os.rename('io.txt',current_time())