python3源码方式安装

  系统默认的python3版本过低,得自己安装高版本python3。步骤主要为:1、删除旧版本。2、安装依赖。3、下载源码。4、配置。5、编译。可以使用root操作。参考链接:CentOS7安装python3超详细教程centos7安装python3.11完整教程(完整有效) 

1、删除旧版pyhton3,执行:rpm -qa|grep python3.7|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps (谨慎执行,先看下会删除哪些依赖,一不小可能删掉其他组件的依赖,比如yum)

2、安装依赖,执行:yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make libffi-devel

  ps:有些依赖是跟后续组件需要的:

1、libffi-devel缺失导致"_ctypes"错;
2、gcc默认版本可能过低,需要手工编译安装:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_38642130/article/details/86412609/
3、还有几个建议也装上,后续用torch或milvus需要:xz-devel、libmpc-devel、perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder、perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker、python-backports-lzma

3、下载新版本,网址:https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

4、配置,解压源码(tar zxvf 源码包),执行(编译时带上ssl模块):./configure --prefix=/usr/local  --with-openssl=/usr/local/ --with-openssl-rpath=auto

  ps:需要编译ssl模块,否则后面pip安装组件会报错。ssl模块的问题可以参看:https://www.cnblogs.com/lemon-le/p/13419429.html?ivk_sa=1024320u 关注下面的输出:

checking for openssl/ssl.h in /usr/local/... yes
checking whether compiling and linking against OpenSSL works... yes
checking for --with-openssl-rpath... auto
checking whether OpenSSL provides required APIs... yes
checking for --with-ssl-default-suites... python

5、编译(make -j 4),安装(make install)。如果安装路径设置为/usr/local,则下面的步骤可以不做了,/usr/local/bin本来就在path变量中。

6、建立软链接:

ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.12 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

  ps:需要关注pip3的内容,import的方式可能要用from pip._internal.main import main,而不是只有from pip._internal.cli.main import main:

#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import sys

try:
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main
except ImportError:
    try:
        from pip._internal.main import main
    except ImportError:
        try:
            # If the user has downgraded pip, the above import will fail.
            # Let's try older methods of invoking it:

            # pip 19 uses this
            from pip._internal import main
        except ImportError:
            # older pip versions use this
            from pip import main

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sys.argv[0] = re.sub(r'(-script\.pyw|\.exe)?$', '', sys.argv[0])
    sys.exit(main())

7、配置环境:修改/etc/profile文件:

export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local
export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH

 

posted @ 2023-12-13 17:34  badwood  阅读(387)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
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