AJAX向Django后端提交POST请求
ajax登录示例
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^login_ajax/$', views.login_ajax, name='login_ajax'), url(r'^index/$', views.index, name='index'), ]
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect import json def index(request): return HttpResponse('this is index') def login_ajax(request): if request.method == "POST": user = request.POST.get("user") pwd = request.POST.get("pwd") ret = {"status": 0, 'url': ''} if user == "alex" and pwd == "123": ret['status'] = 1 ret['url'] = '/index/' return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) return render(request, "login_ajax.html")
login_ajax.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>登录</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/plugins/bootstrap-3.3.7-dist/css/bootstrap.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/signin.css"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <form class="form-signin" action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <h2 class="form-signin-heading">请登录</h2> <label for="inputUser" class="sr-only">用户名</label> <input type="text" id="inputUser" class="form-control" placeholder="用户名" required="" autofocus="" name="user"> <label for="inputPassword" class="sr-only">密码</label> <input type="password" id="inputPassword" class="form-control" placeholder="密码" required="" name="pwd"> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> 记住我 </label> </div> <input class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" id="login" value="登陆"> </form> </div> <!-- /container --> <script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script> $('#login').click(function () { $.ajax({ url: '/login_ajax/', type: 'post', data: { csrfmiddlewaretoken: $("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val(), user: $('[name="user"]').val(), pwd: $('[name="pwd"]').val() }, success: function (data) { data = JSON.parse(data); if (data.status) { window.location = data.url } else { alert('登陆失败') } } }) }) </script> </body> </html>
静态文件需要配置,使用了jQuery和Bootstrap。
CSRF跨站请求伪造
方式一
将 csrfmiddlewaretoken: $("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val() 放在POST的请求体中。
示例中就是使用的这种方式。
方式二
给ajax的请增加X-CSRFToken的请求头,对应的值只能是cookie中的csrftoken的值。
所以我们要从cookie中提取csrftoken的值,jQuery不能去cookie,我们使用jquery.cookie的插件。点击下载jquer.cookie插件。
HTML中导入jquery.cookie.js。
<script src="/static/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/static/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script> $('#login').click(function () { $.ajax({ url: '/login_ajax/', type: 'post', headers:{ "X-CSRFToken":$.cookie('csrftoken') }, data: { user: $('[name="user"]').val(), pwd: $('[name="pwd"]').val() }, success: function (data) { data = JSON.parse(data); if (data.status) { window.location = data.url } else { alert('登陆失败') } } }) }) </script>
方式三
使用$.ajaxSetup()给全局的ajax添加默认参数。
可以按照方式一设置data,也可以按照方式二设置请求头。
$.ajaxSetup({ data: { csrfmiddlewaretoken: $("[name='csrfmiddlewaretoken']").val(), } });
$.ajaxSetup({ headers: {"X-CSRFToken": $.cookie('csrftoken')}, });
方式四
官方推荐方法(用到jquery.cookie插件):
function csrfSafeMethod(method) { // these HTTP methods do not require CSRF protection return (/^(GET|HEAD|OPTIONS|TRACE)$/.test(method)); } $.ajaxSetup({ beforeSend: function (xhr, settings) { if (!csrfSafeMethod(settings.type) && !this.crossDomain) { xhr.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken", $.cookie('csrftoken')); } } });