MySQL下载地址与Centos7安装MySQL以及启动问题排查

  1. 启动问题(如The server quit without updating PID file)

  2. mysql等命令没有此命令或者不想每次都使用/usr/local/mysql/bin

  3. 执行mysql出现Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'或者 ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’等问题

》》请查看最后的附录进行解决《《

作者:晨星1032

一、MySQL国内镜像下载

二、国内镜像相关站点

只列取部分(其他相关软件可进入站点进行下载)

三、Centos7安装MySQL5.7

1. 下载并解压至/usr/local

镜像站下载(以版本mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64为例)

wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mysql-ftp/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压至/usr/local

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

重命名

cd /usr/local
mv mysql-5.7.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

2. 配置信息

新建my.cnf

mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/etc
vi /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf

在my.cnf中填入以下内容

[mysqld]
user=mysql
server-id=1
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8mb4

datadir=/mnt/mysql/mysql_data
tmpdir=/mnt/mysql/mysql_tmp

# 日志
log-error=/mnt/mysql/log-error.txt

default-storage-engine=INNODB

join_buffer_size = 512M
tmp_table_size = 1G
max_allowed_packet = 64M
# 365
interactive_timeout = 31536000
# 24.86
wait_timeout = 2147483
read_buffer_size = 128M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
key_buffer_size=512M
back_log=500
flush_time=0
open_files_limit=4161
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=16M

# 最大连接数
max_connections=1000
max_connect_errors = 1000

# 线程缓存大小
thread_cache_size=500

# 日志缓冲刷新的频繁程度
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
innodb_log_file_size=512M
innodb_log_buffer_size=256M
innodb_thread_concurrency=32
innodb_autoextend_increment=64
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

# 瓶颈位
query_cache_size = 0

slow-query-log=1
long_query_time=10

lower_case_table_names=1
table_open_cache=4096

autocommit = 1
skip_name_resolve = 1
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

注:

  1. my.cnf配置文件的位置在:/usr/local/mysql/etc/

  2. 启动错误日志在:/mnt/mysql/log-error.txt

  3. MySQL的wait_timeout连接已经修改为最大值,不会出现相关超时问题

3. 用户及用户组管理(提高安全)

新建组和用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql -s /usr/sbin/nologin

创建数据目录(与my.cnf一致)

mkdir -p /mnt/mysql/mysql_data
mkdir -p /mnt/mysql/mysql_tmp

添加权限

chmod 644 /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf
chmod 750 /mnt/mysql/mysql_data
chmod 750 /mnt/mysql/mysql_tmp

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /mnt/mysql/mysql_data
chown -R mysql:mysql /mnt/mysql/mysql_tmp

其他权限设置

touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql  /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

4. 初始化数据库

进入目录

cd /usr/local/mysql/

初始化数据

./bin/mysqld --initialize

若有错误发生

  1. message:error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

    solution:yum -y install numactl.x86_64

  2. message: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

    solution:yum -y install libaio

5. 启动数据库

#启动
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

#停止
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop

#重启
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart

加入系统服务可以方便的启动停止MySQL服务(可选)

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

则MySQL启动方式为:

#开启
service mysqld start

#关闭
service mysqld stop

#重启
service mysqld restart

若启动有错误发生
如:The server quit without updating PID file (/mnt/mysql/mysql_data/xx.pid)

!!首先查看启动错误日志信息:/mnt/mysql/log-error.txt

根据启动日志进行排查问题(直接百度一般都没啥用,切记根据日志进行定点查问题)

以及/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log的日志

6. 默认密码修改

(1)先停止mysql服务

/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop

# 并查看进程,若有则kill
ps -ef|grep mysqld
结果如图所示

(2)启动 mysql 进入无需授权模式

./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf --skip-grant-tables --console

(3)新开一个窗口,并进入mysql目录下,执行以下命令连上数据库

./bin/mysql

(4)执行相关sql命令

-- 切换库
use mysql;
-- 更新密码为123456
update user set authentication_string=password("123456"),host = '%', password_expired='N'  where user="root";

-- 查询结果
select user, authentication_string, host, password_expired from user;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit

7. 防火墙开放端口设置

开放端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

或者直接关闭防火墙(本地推荐)

# 启动
systemctl start firewalld
# 关闭
systemctl stop firewalld
# 查看状态
systemctl status firewalld

# 开机禁用
systemctl disable firewalld
# 开机启用
systemctl enable firewalld

作者:晨星1032

附录:

1. 启动问题排查

如:The server quit without updating PID file (/mnt/mysql/mysql_data/xx.pid)

!!首先查看启动错误日志信息:/mnt/mysql/log-error.txt

  1. 添加日志方法:
# 修改my.cnf配置文件,增加以下内容
log-error=/mnt/mysql/log-error.txt
  1. 同时对以下文件增加权限
touch /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql  /var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log

然后根据启动日志进行排查问题(直接百度一般都没啥用,切记根据日志进行定点查问题)

或者/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log的日志

若仍解决不了,可根据本文过程重新安装

重装MySQL过程数据库迁移注意点以及数据恢复,请看下篇内容MySQL数据库迁移与MySQL数据库批量恢复!

2. mysql等命令使用出现问题

(1)mysql等命令没有此命令或者不想每次都使用/usr/local/mysql/bin

加入环境变量

vim /etc/profile

文件末尾加入

# mysql
export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
source /etc/profile

(2)执行mysql出现Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock'等问题

这里若报Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock’也是一样

  1. 首先查看mysql.sock的真正位置

  2. 然后可以对真正位置添加软连接到报错位置即可

启动mysql服务

查找mysql.sock的位置

[root@192 ~]# find / -name mysql.sock
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

可以直接添加软连接

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
posted @ 2021-01-31 20:09  晨星1032  阅读(278)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报