2020年的UWP(5)——UWP和Desktop Extension的双向交互
上一篇我们提到了怎么在Desktop Extension中等待并处理UWP端发出的request。本篇将讨论UWP和Desktop Extension双向交互的场景,即存在从两端各自发出request,交由对方接受处理。
依然是回顾之前总结的四个场景分类:
- 执行后立即退出
- 等待request,处理完后退出
- 一或多个request/response周期
- 和UWP程序相同生命周期
这种存在多个request/response周期的场景,具有以下特征:
- UWP和Desktop Extension两端双向通讯
- 通过request传递参数
- Desktop Extension端存在用户交互
- Desktop Extension端满足条件时退出
该场景示意图如下:
上图显示了最简化的双向交互流程,在Sample工程中,以互相发文字消息的UWP和WPF窗体举例。两个窗体始终保持在前台,也不存在AppServiceConnection被销毁的问题。
而实际的业务场景中,可能存在复杂的变化。即特征中提到的“Desktop Extension端满足条件时退出“这一点。
上图为Sample工程运行时的界面。如何使用Desktop Extension,及建立AppServiceConnection,之前的文章已解释过,不再提及。本篇仅对不同之处进行分析。
TwoWayExchange.FrontUWP是一个UWP工程,在MainPage.cs的构造函数中我们通过AppServiceHandler这个帮助类来注册Connected事件。
public MainPage() { this.InitializeComponent(); if (ApiInformation.IsApiContractPresent("Windows.ApplicationModel.FullTrustAppContract", 1, 0)) { AppServiceHandler.Instance.Connected += Instance_Connected; FullTrustProcessLauncher.LaunchFullTrustProcessForCurrentAppAsync(); } }
该事件会在App.xaml.cs中的OnBackgroundActived方法中被触发。这也是工程代码中,实际和AppServiceConnection建立关联的起点。
protected override void OnBackgroundActivated(BackgroundActivatedEventArgs args) { base.OnBackgroundActivated(args); if (args.TaskInstance.TriggerDetails is AppServiceTriggerDetails details) { if (details.CallerPackageFamilyName == Package.Current.Id.FamilyName) { var deferral = args.TaskInstance.GetDeferral(); args.TaskInstance.Canceled += (sender, e) => { deferral?.Complete(); }; AppServiceHandler.Instance.OnBackgroundActivated(details); } } }
在触发Connected事件后,我们在获得的AppServiceConnection对象上注册RequestReceived事件,同时保存AppServiceConnection对象以供SendMessage时使用。
private void Instance_Connected(object sender, AppServiceConnectionConnectedEventArgs e) { AppServiceHandler.Instance.Connected -= Instance_Connected; Connection = e.Connection; Connection.RequestReceived += Connection_RequestReceived; } private async void Connection_RequestReceived(AppServiceConnection sender, AppServiceRequestReceivedEventArgs args) { var message = args.Request.Message; if (message.TryGetValue("Desktop", out object content)) { await Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () => { this.textBoxReceive.Text += $"{content}\n"; }); } } private async void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { var valueSet = new ValueSet(); valueSet.Add("UWP", this.textBoxSend.Text); var response = await Connection.SendMessageAsync(valueSet); }
而在Desktop Extension的WPF工程中,几乎是对称的代码结构,不同之处无非AppServiceConnection源头是通过Desktop端的OpenAsync方法建立。
public async Task InitializeAsync() { Connection = new AppServiceConnection(); Connection.PackageFamilyName = Package.Current.Id.FamilyName; Connection.AppServiceName = "TwoWayExchangeAppService"; AppServiceConnectionStatus status = await Connection.OpenAsync(); if (status == AppServiceConnectionStatus.Success) { Connection.RequestReceived += Connection_RequestReceived; } } private void Connection_RequestReceived(AppServiceConnection sender, AppServiceRequestReceivedEventArgs args) { if (args.Request.Message.TryGetValue("UWP", out object content)) { Dispatcher.Invoke(() => { this.textBoxReceive.Text += $"{content}\n"; }); } } private async void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { var message = new ValueSet(); message.Add("Desktop", this.textBoxSend.Text); await Connection.SendMessageAsync(message); }
至于打包用的Packaging工程,创建及注意事项,和前一篇完全一致,不再赘述。
本篇侧重于双向交互,在Desktop端注意Windows.mind和System.Runtime.WindowsRuntime两个引用的添加,否则是无法利用AppServiceConnection来通讯的。
虽然文中示例极为简单,似没有实用价值。而在实际开发中,多有遇到UWP端暂时无法实现的UI及功能,诸如不规则的,透明的,或需要锚定的窗体,Windows桌面右下角的Systray等。均可以通过文中的方式来实现交互。
Github:
https://github.com/manupstairs/UWPSamples/tree/master/UWPSamples/DataExchangeUWP/TwoWayExchange