springMVC 系列 1-demo
创建一个maven项目
从模板页创建。模板选择org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-webapp
创建完的项目，目录结构不全，需要在main下创建文件夹java、resources。然后在文件夹java上右击“Mark Directory as”选择"Sources Root"。在resources上右击“Mark Directory as”选择“Resources Root”
在web.xml里配置servlet
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--配置Servlet的初始化，读取springMVC的配置文件，创建spring容器-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value><!--将配置文件引入-->
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!--配置servlet启动时加载对象-->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern><!--拦截所有请求-->
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
在resources里添加springmvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mantishell"/>
<!-- 视图解析器对象，这里的id可以随便写 -->
<!--InternalResourceViewResolver是Spring MVC 内置的一个视图解析器，该解析器是遵循着一种约定：会在视图名上添加前缀和后缀，进而确定一个 Web 应用中视图资源的物理路径-->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
坐标引入
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.mantishell</groupId>
<artifactId>springMvc_01_start</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>springMvc_01_start Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springMvc_01_start</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门程序</h3>
<a href="hello">入门程序</a>
</body>
</html>
java文件夹下创建控制器com.mantishell.controller.HelloController
package com.mantishell.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(path="/hello")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello StringMVC");
return "success";//默认跳转到视图
}
}
在WEB-INF文件夹下创建文件夹pages
然后创建 success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>入门了</h3>
</body>
</html>
配置部署
整个过程是怎么样的呢？
- 当气动Tomcat服务器的时候，因为配置了load-on-startup标签，所以会创建DispatcherServlet对象，并加载springMVC.xml配置文件。
- 开启的注解扫描，那么HelloController对象会被创建，由spring来管理
- 从index.jsp发送请求，请求会先到达DispatcherServlet核心控制器，根据配置@RequestMapping注解找到执行的具体方法
- 根据执行方法的返回值，再根据配置的视图解析器，去指定的目录下查找指定名称的JSP文件
