win32 API编程之菜单
- 系统菜单
- 顶层菜单
- 弹出式菜单（右键菜单）
AppendMenu函数：
CreatePopupMenu函数：
InsertMenu函数
SetMenu函数：
#include<windows.h> #include<CommCtrl.h> //自定义的窗口过程 LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_CREATE: { //创建顶层菜单 HMENU hTop = CreateMenu();//空菜单 AppendMenu(hTop, MF_STRING, 100, L"文件"); //添加第一项 InsertMenu(hTop, 0, MF_STRING | MF_BYPOSITION, 200, L"工具"); //添加第二项 //创建弹出菜单(子菜单) HMENU hPopUp = CreatePopupMenu();//空菜单 AppendMenu(hPopUp, MF_SEPARATOR, NULL, NULL);//分隔条 AppendMenu(hPopUp, MF_STRING, 301, L"打开"); InsertMenu(hPopUp, 0, MF_STRING | MF_BYPOSITION, 302, L"新建"); //添加第三项 AppendMenu(hTop, MF_POPUP, (UINT_PTR)hPopUp, L"打开2"); //设置窗口菜单 SetMenu(hWnd, hTop); //释放菜单资源 DestroyMenu(hTop); DestroyMenu(hPopUp); }break; case WM_COMMAND: { //菜单ID WORD menuId = LOWORD(wParam); switch (menuId) { case 100: MessageBox(hWnd, L"文件菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; case 200: MessageBox(hWnd, L"工具菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; case 301: MessageBox(hWnd, L"打开菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; case 302: MessageBox(hWnd, L"新建菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; } } break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
1）LoadMenu函数：
2）GetMenu函数：
3）GetMenuItemInfo函数：
4）代码实例
#include<windows.h> #include"Resource.h" //自定义的窗口过程 LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_CREATE: { //加载菜单资源 HMENU hTop=LoadMenu(GetModuleHandle(NULL), MAKEINTRESOURCE( IDR_MENU1)); //设置菜单到窗口 SetMenu(hWnd, hTop); //获取某个窗口的顶层菜单 HMENU hMenuTop= GetMenu(hWnd); //获取顶层菜单的弹出菜单 HMENU hPop = GetSubMenu(hMenuTop, 0); //获取菜单项中的内容 MENUITEMINFO mii = {0}; mii.cbSize = sizeof(MENUITEMINFO); mii.fMask = MIIM_TYPE|MIIM_ID; mii.fType = MFT_STRING; mii.dwTypeData = new TCHAR[64]; mii.cch =64 ; GetMenuItemInfo(hPop, 2, true, &mii); MessageBox(hWnd, mii.dwTypeData, L"提示", MB_OK); }break; case WM_COMMAND: { //菜单ID WORD menuId = LOWORD(wParam); switch (menuId) { case ID_OPEN: MessageBox(hWnd, L"打开菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; case ID_NEW: MessageBox(hWnd, L"新建菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; case 2000: MessageBox(hWnd, L"工具菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; } } break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
1）CreatePopupMenu函数
2）TrackPopupMenu函数
3）代码实例
#include<windows.h> //自定义的窗口过程 LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: { //创建弹出菜单 HMENU hPop=CreatePopupMenu(); AppendMenu(hPop, MF_STRING, 111, L"新建"); AppendMenu(hPop, MF_STRING, 222, L"打开"); //转换坐标 POINT pt = { LOWORD(lParam) ,HIWORD(lParam) }; //自己窗口的客户区 ClientToScreen(hWnd,&pt); //在指定位置弹出菜单(这里的x，y是相对于屏幕左上角的坐标) TrackPopupMenu(hPop, TPM_CENTERALIGN|TPM_BOTTOMALIGN, pt.x, pt.y, 0, hWnd, NULL); //释放菜单资源 DestroyMenu(hPop); }break; case WM_COMMAND: { //菜单ID WORD menuId = LOWORD(wParam); switch (menuId) { case 222: MessageBox(hWnd, L"打开菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; case 111: MessageBox(hWnd, L"新建菜单点击", L"提示", MB_OK); break; } } break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
