win32 API编程之窗口操作
①GetDlgItem函数
②GetDlgItemText函数
③SetDlgItemText函数
④SendDlgItemMessage函数
代码实例
#include<windows.h> #include<CommCtrl.h> //使用Unicode版本必须加入manifest强制让应用程序加载common Control 6.0 //#pragma comment(linker,"/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"") //#pragma comment(lib,"Comctl32.lib") //自定义的窗口过程 LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_CREATE: { HWND hBtn = CreateWindow(WC_BUTTON, L"按钮控件", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON, 30, 30, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)111, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); HWND hEdit = CreateWindow(WC_EDIT, L"123", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER, 30, 100, 200, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)222, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); //通过控件ID获取句柄 HWND h1= GetDlgItem(hWnd, 111); bool b = (h1 == hBtn); HWND h2 = GetDlgItem(hWnd, 222); bool b2 = (h2 == hEdit); //获取控件的文本或标题 TCHAR buf[64] = {0}; GetDlgItemText(hWnd, 111, buf, 64); GetDlgItemText(hWnd, 222, buf, 64); OutputDebugString(buf); //获取控件文本并转化为整数 BOOL bSuccess = FALSE; int v1=GetDlgItemInt(hWnd, 111, &bSuccess, true); bSuccess = FALSE; int v2 = GetDlgItemInt(hWnd, 222, &bSuccess, true); //根据控件句柄获取ID UINT id1= GetDlgCtrlID(hBtn); UINT id2 = GetDlgCtrlID(hEdit); UINT id3 = GetDlgCtrlID(hWnd); //顶层窗口没有ID，返回0 id3 = id3; //根据ID设置控件的文本或者标题 SetDlgItemText(hWnd, 111, L"你好啊！"); SetDlgItemText(hWnd, 222, L"456"); //根据ID将整数设置控件的文本或者标题 SetDlgItemInt(hWnd, 111, 666, true); SetDlgItemInt(hWnd, 222, -888, true); //根据控件ID向控件发送指定的消息 SendDlgItemMessage(hWnd, 222, WM_SETTEXT, 0,(LPARAM) L"这是消息！"); }break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
①EnableWindow函数
②FindWindow函数
③SetWindowText函数
④GetWindowText函数
⑤GetWindowRect函数
⑥GetClientRect函数
⑦GetActiveWindow函数
代码实例
#include<windows.h> #include<CommCtrl.h> //使用Unicode版本必须加入manifest强制让应用程序加载common Control 6.0 //#pragma comment(linker,"/manifestdependency:\"type='win32' name='Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls' version='6.0.0.0' processorArchitecture='*' publicKeyToken='6595b64144ccf1df' language='*'\"") //#pragma comment(lib,"Comctl32.lib") //自定义的窗口过程 LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { //获取当前活动的窗口 HWND hActive = GetActiveWindow(); TCHAR buf[64] = { 0 }; GetWindowText(hActive, buf, 64); MessageBox(NULL, buf, L"提示", MB_OK); }break; case WM_CREATE: { HWND hEdit1 = CreateWindow(WC_EDIT, L"编辑控件", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE , 30, 30, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)111, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); HWND hEdit2 = CreateWindow(WC_EDIT, L"123", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER, 30, 100, 200, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)222, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); //根据窗口句柄禁用或启用窗口 EnableWindow(hEdit1,false); EnableWindow(hEdit1, true); //EnableWindow(hWnd, false);//禁用父窗口 //根据窗口类名、窗口标题查找顶层窗口(父窗口) HWND h1 = FindWindow(L"MrHuang", NULL); bool b1 = (h1 == hWnd); HWND h2 = FindWindow(NULL, L"第一个窗口程序"); bool b2 = (h2 == hWnd); HWND h3 = FindWindow(L"Mr", L"第一个窗口程序"); bool b3 = (h3 == hWnd); HWND h4 = FindWindow(WC_EDIT, NULL);//不能用于子窗口与控件 bool b4 = (h4 == hEdit2); HWND hTxt= FindWindow(NULL, L"新建文本文档.txt - 记事本");//查找记事本 SendMessage(hTxt, WM_SETTEXT, 0,(LPARAM)L"篡改你的标题"); //根据窗口句柄设置窗口标题 //SetWindowText(hWnd, L"改掉标题"); //SetWindowText(hEdit1, L"改掉标题"); //根据窗口句柄获取窗口标题 TCHAR buf[64] = {0}; GetWindowText(hEdit2, buf, 64); OutputDebugString(buf); //获取窗口的矩形区域 RECT r; GetWindowRect(hWnd, &r); //获取窗口的客户区域 RECT r2; GetClientRect(hWnd, &r2); //设置控件具有焦点 SetFocus(hEdit1); //根据窗口句柄移动窗口 //MoveWindow(hWnd, 0, 0, 600, 600, true);//移动父窗口 //MoveWindow(hEdit2, 300, 300, 100, 100, true);//移动控件 //获取当前活动的窗口 HWND hActive = GetActiveWindow(); bool b8 = (hActive == hWnd); }break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd2 = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第二个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 500, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd2, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd2); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
1）什么是窗口子类化
2）窗口子类化的步骤
3）GetWindowLong函数
4）SetWindowLong函数
5）nIndex的值
6）CallWindowProc函数
7）如何截获并处理感兴趣的消息
8）代码实例
#include<windows.h> WNDPROC oldProc = NULL; //自定义的编辑框窗口处理函数 LRESULT CALLBACK MyEditWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { //处理了感兴趣的消息 case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: //MessageBox(hWnd, L"我们截获了编辑框的消息", L"提示", MB_OK); SetWindowText(hWnd, L"我们截获了编辑框的消息"); // return 0; //表示我们自己处理了 case WM_RBUTTONDOWN: break; } //其它的消息交给它原来的处理过程函数去处理，保证控件的正确性 return CallWindowProc(oldProc,hWnd, Msg,wParam,lParam); } LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_CREATE: { //创建系统预定义的控件（源代码不可修改） HWND hEdit = CreateWindow(L"EDIT", L"111", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER, 30, 30, 200, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)111, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); //将控件的窗口过程处理函数改为自定义的，从而捕获控件消息 oldProc=(WNDPROC)SetWindowLong(hEdit, GWL_WNDPROC, (LONG)MyEditWindowProc); }break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
1）什么是窗口超类化
2）超类化步骤
3）GetClassInfo函数
4）代码实例
#include<windows.h> #include<CommCtrl.h> WNDPROC oldProc = NULL; LRESULT CALLBACK MyEditWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (msg) { // 点击鼠标左键，显示一个消息框。 case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { //MessageBox(0, L"我拦截了左键的行为", L"提示", MB_OK); SetWindowText(hWnd, L"我拦截了编辑框左键的行为"); //return 0; //自己处理消息，就必须返回0。 } break; } return CallWindowProc(oldProc, hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } //自定义的窗口过程 LRESULT CALLBACK MyWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (Msg) { case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0);//可以使GetMessage返回0 return 0; case WM_CREATE: { //先获取系统控件的WNDCLASS信息 WNDCLASS wc; GetClassInfo(NULL, WC_EDIT, &wc); oldProc = wc.lpfnWndProc;//保存系统的窗口处理函数 wc.lpfnWndProc = MyEditWndProc;//改为自定义的窗口处理函数 bool ret=RegisterClass(&wc); //重新注册窗口类，实现全局的生效 //备注：也可以改为自己的窗口类名，后续创建的时候用自己的窗口类名就可以创建编辑框 //系统预定义的控件，无法修改 HWND hEdit = CreateWindow(WC_EDIT, L"111", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER, 30, 30, 200, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)111, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); //系统预定义的控件，无法修改 HWND hEdit2 = CreateWindow(WC_EDIT, L"222", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER, 30, 100, 200, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)111, ((LPCREATESTRUCT)lParam)->hInstance, NULL); }break; } return DefWindowProc(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam); } int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nShowCmd) { //1.注册窗口类 WNDCLASS wnd; wnd.cbClsExtra = 0; wnd.cbWndExtra = 0; wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));//背景色 wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);//光标 wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);//图标 //wnd.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//默认窗口过程函数，用于处理消息 wnd.lpfnWndProc = MyWindowProc;//自定义的窗口过程函数 wnd.lpszClassName = L"MrHuang";//窗口类名 wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;//菜单资源名称 wnd.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS;//窗口类、样式 wnd.hInstance = hInstance;//实例句柄 RegisterClass(&wnd); //创建窗口(返回之前发送WM_CREATE) HWND hWnd = CreateWindow(L"MrHuang", L"第一个窗口程序", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 400, 400, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); //显示窗口 ShowWindow(hWnd, nShowCmd); //更新窗口(发送WM_PAINT) UpdateWindow(hWnd); //消息循环（收到WM_QUIT消息退出） MSG msg; while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage(&msg);//翻译消息 DispatchMessage(&msg);//分发消息到窗口过程 } }
